红球菌DS-3脱除二苯并噻吩中有机硫的性能初探

从孤岛油田分离到一株红球菌（Rhodococcus sp.）DS\|3,能专一地切断二苯并噻吩（DBT）中的C—S键,沿4S途径代谢,生成二羟联苯。实验证明,以2％的接种量脱除50μg／mL DBT底物中的硫效果最佳。在此条件下,适宜菌株生长和脱硫的碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为硝酸铵,初始pH为8.2,生长温度为30℃,15mmol／L的硫酸根离子能使其丧失脱硫能力。在上述适宜条件下,培养72 h后DBT中34.04%的硫被脱除。     

脱硫菌Fds-1的分离鉴定及其对柴油脱硫特性的研究

从含硫土壤中分离筛选出一株专一性脱硫菌Fds-1,经生理生化指标和16S rRNA序列分析鉴定其属于枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。用Gibb’s试剂显色和气相色谱-质谱联用分析表明,该菌株通过“4S”途径脱除有机硫。实验发现Fds-1的最佳脱硫活性在30℃,在此温度下72h内能脱除约0.5mmol/L DBT中的有机硫。Fds-1菌株对有机硫化合物的利用情况和柴油脱硫前后烃组分比较都进一步证明该菌株适合于柴油生物脱硫。利用休止细胞对不同组分柴油的脱硫研究表明,脱硫菌株Fds-1对精制柴油中的DBT类化合物的降解能力强。因此,该菌株对精制低硫柴油的深度脱硫具有应用意义。     

一株生物脱硫菌株的分离、鉴定及其脱硫活性的研究

以二苯并噻吩（DBT）为模型化合物,从火力发电厂周围的土壤和污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离得到一株能高效脱除有机硫的菌株S4,并对其进行了分子鉴定及脱硫活性的研究。应用PCR技术克隆到16S rDNA片段,核苷酸序列分析结果表明,该菌的16S rDNA的全序列与醋酸钙不动杆菌存在99%的同源性。该菌的最适脱硫温度为30℃,pH值为6～8,在此条件,该菌株对DBT的去除率可达到82%。     

红球菌SDUZAWQ对有机硫和无机硫的耐受性研究及脱硫基因的克隆

以筛选得到的红球菌SDUZAWQ为对象,研究其在不同浓度的有机硫化合物二苯并噻吩(DBT)存在下的脱硫能力,以及在0.2mmolLDBT和不同浓度Na2SO4同时存在下的脱硫情况。当DBT浓度高达6mmolL时,菌株仍能生长,而且检测出产物2-羟基联苯(2-HBP)的存在,说明该菌株具有耐受较高浓度DBT的能力。当DBT和Na2SO4同时存在时,DBT为菌株SDUZAWQ所利用,并且也检测出2-HBP,并非如文献所报道的红球菌在无机硫存在下不代谢DBT,表明该菌株能够耐受一定浓度的无机硫酸盐。对相关脱硫基因的克隆和测序结果显示,完整脱硫基因dszABC、其上游调控序列和dszD的序列与模式菌株RhodococcuserythropolisIGTS8的同源性分别是99%、100%和100%。     

一株柴油脱硫菌的分离与鉴定

由最终产物为邻苯基苯酚（2-HBP）的二苯并噻吩（DBT）的4-S代谢途径出发,从被高硫原油污染的土样中分离,纯化得到一株能高效降解DBT的菌株,通过形态学,生理生化试验及16SrDNA基因测序,归类为Mycobacteriumsp．对细菌的培养条件进行研究,初步确定较为适宜的培养条件：温度为40℃,pH值为7．0,转速为200r／min．在此培养条件下,利用该菌株处理含有5mmol／LDBT的正十二烷模拟相,24h以后,DBT减少到3．36mmol／L,平均比脱硫率为8．34mmol DBTh^-1kg^-1 DCW（干细胞重）。     

二苯并噻吩分解菌的分离及特性研究

目的利用二苯并噻吩(DBT)分解菌的分离培养基从昆明捞鱼河的污泥中分离得到一株分解DBT的细菌HWXFJ2。方法通过形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析,表明该菌属于革兰阳性菌、杆状、有荚膜,将其初步鉴定为黄色杆菌属的一株菌株;同时利用该菌株进行DBT分解能力的检测和研究。结果该菌株对DBT有较强的分解能力,在7 d和14 d对DBT分解的量分别是红球菌(Rhodococcus sp.HNCS21)的6.04倍和2.07倍。结论煤炭中的有机硫模式化合物为DBT,本研究可以为脱除煤炭中的有机硫提供理论依据,为进一步的应用提供菌种资源。     

一株CX-DBT脱硫菌的筛选及发酵条件优化

【目的】从大型工业油田石油污染土样中分离鉴定一株能专一性脱除CX-DBT的脱硫菌株,分析其对CX-DBT的脱硫途径,并确定菌体最优发酵条件。【方法】以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为唯一硫源底物,多次富集并分离可代谢CX-DBT菌株,通过形态学、生理生化实验及16S rRNA基因序列分析对筛选菌株JDZX13进行鉴定。采用GC-MS鉴定菌株对CX-DBT的代谢产物,确定其相应的脱硫途径。通过单因素发酵实验确定最佳碳源、氮源、微量元素、MgCl_2、温度及p H的水平范围,并采用正交实验进一步优化。【结果】该菌株鉴定为戈登氏菌属,命名为戈登氏菌JDZX13(KP993297),其CX-DBT代谢途径为"4S途径"。最佳发酵条件为:蔗糖15.0 g/L、NH_4Cl_2.0 g/L、MgCl_2 0.1 g/L、微量元素1.0 m L/L、pH 7.0、温度35°C。【结论】获得一株通过"4S途径"代谢CX-DBT的脱硫菌株JDZX13,经过进一步优化实验,强化了菌株的生长和脱硫能力,该研究结果对石油生物脱硫技术的开发具有重要参考意义。     

微生物脱除煤炭中有机硫的研究

从任丘油田分离到两株异养型细菌D-1-1和D-2-1,经鉴定分别为门多隆假单胞菌(Pseudomonas mendocoas)和争论产碱生物变型Ⅰ (Alcaligenes paradoxus biovar Ⅰ)的菌株。它们可以利用二苯噻吩(Dibenzothiophene,简称DBT)作为生长的碳源,将DBT转化成为水溶性有机硫化物。两菌于15天内可以脱除煤炭中有机硫达22.2—32.0％。     

生物脱硫菌根癌土壤杆菌UP-3的固定化研究

生物脱硫催化剂固定化研究对生物脱硫技术的推广应用具有重要的意义。该文以筛选出的具有脱硫能力的根癌土壤杆菌UP-3为固定化研究对象,二苯并噻吩(DBT)为生物催化脱硫的模型化合物,主要考察了菌株UP-3的培养条件、固定化方法和载体、固定化操作条件和固定化细胞的使用条件。结果表明：以桑特斯培养基在30℃下培养28h的根癌土壤杆菌UP-3具有最佳活性。采用3wt％海藻酸钠水溶液为包埋载体,液菌比为20：1,在4℃下1wt％CaCl2水溶液中固定化24h,得到的固定化细胞脱硫性能最好。在30℃下,反应6d可将浓度为625mg／L的DBT降解60％以上。     

红球菌Rhodococcus sp. DS-3 dsz-ABC基因和dszD基因在大肠杆菌中的共表达

二苯并噻吩（DBT）及其衍生物微生物脱硫的4S途径需要4个酶（DszA, DszB, DszC and DszD）参与催化。其中DBT单加氧酶(DszC or DBTMO)和DBT砜单加氧酶(DszA or DBTO2MO)都是黄素依赖型氧化酶,它们的催化反应需要菌体中还原型的黄素单核苷酸(FMNH2), FMNH2由辅酶黄素还原酶(DszD)再生。因此,共表达DszA, DszB, DszC 和 DszD可以提高整个脱硫途径的速率。构建了两个不相容性表达载体pBADD和paN2并在大肠杆菌中实现了4个脱硫酶基因的共表达。DszA, DszB, DszC和DszD的可溶性蛋白表达量分别占菌体总蛋白质的7.6%, 3.5%,3.1%和18%。共表达时的脱硫活性是单独用paN2表达时的5.4倍,并对工程菌休止细胞脱除模拟柴油中DBT的活性进行了研究。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.