一种优化的质粒转化简便方法

目的:质粒DNA转化时,比较不同的冰浴时间、热休克时间、预培养时间对转化效率的影响.优化质粒DNA转化方法,缩短了转化时间,该方法可获得与常规转化方法相当的转化效率.方法:质粒DNA加入感受态细胞中,混匀冰浴5min,42 ℃热休克60s,接着冰浴1min,37℃预培养10min,涂布预热至37℃的平板.结果:操作时间由2h减至20min,转化效率没受影响.结论:该方法较标准的转化流程更加简便、省时、实用.     

鸡贫血病毒凋亡素基因的可溶性融合表达及抗肿瘤活性分析

为获得高效可溶表达的鸡贫血病毒凋亡素基因(CAV-Apoptin),根据大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性优化CAV-Apoptin基因序列,将其连接到含msyB伴侣基因的pBCX载体上,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE鉴定后应用镍柱亲和层析纯化蛋白质,采用显微镜观察、CCK-8实验与DNA ladders测定其抗肿瘤细胞的活性。结果显示,成功构建大肠杆菌表达载体pBCX-CAV-Apoptin,在37℃正常培养条件下的大肠杆菌中得到大量可溶性表达产物,融合蛋白质分子量大小约为42 kDa,50 ml菌液即可获得1.5 mg左右的纯化重组蛋白,CCK-8实验结果显示纯化后的重组蛋白作用36 h后可对套氏淋巴瘤JEKO-1、REC-1细胞生长产生超过60%的抑制率;显微镜观察与DNA ladder实验证明重组蛋白可诱导JEKO-1、REC-1细胞的凋亡,对HUVEC没有诱导凋亡的作用。免疫印迹分析表明重组凋亡素对JEKO-1细胞诱导了Caspase-3的激活,而对Caspase-8的表达没有影响。研究表明融合蛋白msyB-CAV-Apoptin可达到高效可溶表达,且表达产物具有特异抗肿瘤活性。     

热疗通过上调基因PUMA表达诱导胃癌MKN45凋亡

目的探讨热疗诱导胃癌MKN45细胞凋亡及其对胃癌细胞促凋亡蛋白PUMA表达的影响。方法体外复苏与培养人胃癌MKN45细胞。对照组常温(37℃)下培养,实验组按不同时间分组43℃水浴加热胃癌MKN45后培养24h,采用倒置显微镜和透射电镜观察热疗后胃癌细胞的形态结构变化。四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MMT)检测细胞增殖抑制。AO/EB荧光双染色法及Annexin-V/PI双染色法流式检测细胞凋亡。Western blot检测促凋亡蛋白PUMA蛋白表达。结果光镜观察发现热疗后MKN45细胞明显皱缩、变圆及细胞漂浮,3h多数细胞漂浮。电镜下可见热疗后MKN45细胞核仁增多,胞核及胞浆出现大小不等的空泡和凋亡小体。MTT实验提示,热疗可明显抑制MKN45细胞生长(P0.01)。AO/EB荧光双染色显示,热疗后细胞呈淡黄或橘红色,胞核呈现致密斑状。热疗0.5h、1h、2h和3h后,AO/EB荧光双染色法及Annexin-V/PI双染色法流式检测细胞凋亡率基本一致。热疗0.5h后细胞凋亡率明显增高,1h略低于0.5h,2h达最高峰。Western blot显示,MKN45细胞各热疗时间的PUMA蛋白表达明显升高,热疗0.5h开始升高,热疗2h达最高峰,1h略低于0.5h,3h有所回落(P0.05)。结论热疗2h诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的效果最佳,并且可通过上调基因PUMA表达诱导胃癌MKN45凋亡。     

离体培养细胞系冷休克敏感差异性的研究

应用台盼蓝活体染色方法、Hoechst332 5 8荧光探针技术研究低温冷休克 (4℃ )对人肝癌细胞系 (74 0 2 )、秋行军虫细胞系 (Sf9)、幼蚊细胞系 (C6 36 )及草鱼肾细胞系 (CIK)的影响。结果显示 :在冷休克处理 6天后 ,Sf9、C6 36、CIK、74 0 2细胞系的死亡率分别是 2 0 .0 3%、10 0 %、2 8.6 9%、10 0 % ;凋亡率分别为 2 .4 5 %、38.38%、8.2 5 %、96 .4 7% ,其细胞的死亡率远远大于凋亡率。可见冷休克导致细胞死亡过程中 ,应是细胞坏死和凋亡并存。但就其细胞凋亡的敏感性而言 ,4种细胞顺序应为 74 0 2 >C6 36 >CIK >Sf9。研究结果为在细胞水平、分子水平深入研究低体温生物离体细胞冷休克机理奠定基础。     

冷应激条件下猪睾丸细胞中RNA结合基序蛋白3过表达对Caspase 3表达的影响

目的：探讨冷应激（32℃）条件下,猪睾丸（ST）细胞系中RNA结合基序蛋白3（RBM3）过表达时凋亡蛋白半胱天冬酶3（Caspase 3）表达量变化情况。方法：利用本实验室成功构建的携带绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的RBM3过表达慢病毒载体pLenti6/V5-GW/EmGFP-RBM3和空病毒载体pLenti6/V5-GW/EmGFP-DEST分别感染ST细胞,作为过表达病毒（OEV）组和空载体病毒（EVV）组,此外还设立野生型细胞（WTC）组作对照,利用实时荧光定量RCR（qPCR）法和Western blot分析法检测各组中RBM3 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。然后对各组细胞进行37℃以及32℃（2 h、4 h,8 h）的冷应激处理,利用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）法检测各组Caspase 3表达量的变化。结果：OEV组RBM3基因和蛋白相对表达量高于EVV组和WTC组。在37℃以及32℃冷应激实验（2 h、4 h,8 h）中,OEV组Caspase 3表达量显著低于EVV组和WTC组。结论：冷应激ST细胞中RBM3过表达能够显著地降低Caspase 3的表达程度,为RBM3基因具有抵抗低温诱导ST细胞凋亡作用提供实验依据。     

原卟啉Ⅸ-声动力学疗法诱导S180肿瘤细胞的凋亡

采用频率为2.2MHz,声强为3W/cm2的低强度聚焦超声结合原卟啉Ⅸ对S180肿瘤细胞的损伤以及诱导细胞凋亡的发生进行研究,并探讨其作用的分子机制。超声激活原卟啉Ⅸ作用于S180肿瘤细胞处理后,不同时间段取材,通过Annexin V-PI荧光双染观察凋亡细胞的形态学变化;采用TUNEL末端标记法检测细胞凋亡的发生率;利用间接免疫荧光技术和免疫细胞化学技术检测细胞内凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-8、Caspase-3以及死亡底物聚ADP核糖聚合酶[poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase,PARP]的表达活性变化。实验结果显示:超声激活原卟啉Ⅸ可以诱导S180肿瘤细胞凋亡的发生,并且凋亡细胞的比例随着取材时间的延迟明显增加;免疫细胞化学染色表明声动力学处理显著增强了细胞内Caspase-8和Caspase-3的蛋白表达活性,并且其活化程度分别于处理后1h和3h达到最高,而死亡底物PARP也发生时间相关性剪切。研究表明,超声结合原卟啉Ⅸ可以通过诱导细胞凋亡的方式发挥其抗肿瘤活性,其作用的分子机制可能涉及到膜受体介导的Caspase-8、Caspase-3以及PARP依赖性的凋亡信号调节通路     

PI法和Annexin V／PI法检测蓝舌病毒HbC3诱导人肝癌细胞的凋亡

利用流式细胞仪比较PI法和AnnexinV/PI法检测不同时间人肝癌细胞感染蓝舌病毒HbC3的凋亡率分析。结果:PI法在24h、36h、48h的凋亡率分别为10.8±3.05、21.7±6.28、28.3±10.6;AnnexinV/PI法的凋亡率分别为20.42±3.70、49.3±8.11、79.6±11.5。二种方法及不同时间感染病毒细胞的凋亡率之间有显著差异(P<0.01)。证明了AnnexinV/PI法能特异地、准确地检出早期凋亡的细胞、继发性坏死的细胞,BTV-HbC3诱导Hep-3B细胞凋亡是致肿瘤细胞病变、死亡的重要表现形式之一。     

PTD4-GFP-VP3融合蛋白在人肝癌细胞HepG2中的定位观察及凋亡诱导效应的实验研究

目的 观测PTD4-GFP-VP3融合蛋白诱导人肝癌细胞HepG2的凋亡效应及其在肿瘤细胞中的定位与其凋亡效应关系的研究.方法 构建PTD4-GFP-VP3融合蛋白的原核表达载体,利用人源肝癌细胞株HepG2,经细胞透膜实验在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察PTD4介导的融合蛋白透膜效应,DAPI染色观测该蛋白在细胞中的定位;利用TUNEL法观察PTIM-GFP-VP3融合蛋白诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡效应,并利用流式细胞仪检测其凋亡率.结果 PTD4-GFP-VP3融合蛋白在孵育细胞0.5 h后即可透过细胞膜进入到细胞质中,12 h后定位于细胞核并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,48 h达到最高凋亡效应.结论 PTD4能携带GFP-VP3融合蛋白穿透细胞膜,在肿瘤细胞中具有核定位效应,并能诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,为后期进一步研究VP3的凋亡机制及其抗肿瘤治疗奠定了基础.     

“低温诱导植物染色体数目变化”实验的探究与思考

为解决"低温诱导植物染色体数目变化"实验成功率较低的问题,组织学生从诱导温度、恢复常温培养、制片过程中的细节等方面,利用多种实验材料进行一系列的探究。通过实验结果表明,洋葱是较好的实验材料,解离时间依据实验材料和温度不同有所差异。材料在2℃、4℃诱导下均可观察到染色体数量变化,且洋葱根尖在4℃条件下诱导36 h效果更好。观察中发现双核细胞并运用于染色体数目变化细胞的确定。     

吐温80合并温热诱导BGC-823胃癌细胞凋亡及对Hsp70,Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响

目的　观察膜活化剂吐温 80合并温热作用对BGC 82 3人胃癌细胞生长、凋亡及对Hsp70、Bcl 2、Bax表达的影响。方法　应用MTT法、荧光染色及DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳 ,测定 0 1%吐温 80与 4 2℃ 10 0min合并作用对BGC 82 3细胞的抑制效应和诱导细胞凋亡的影响 ;应用免疫细胞化学染色 ,观察合并作用后不同时间 (0h、 8h、 16h、 2 4h)BGC 82 3细胞Hsp70、Bcl 2、Bax的表达改变。结果　①吐温 80合并 4 2℃温热作用对细胞具有明显的抑制效应 (P <0 0 0 1)。②合并作用后 2 4h ,可见大量肿瘤细胞凋亡。③合并作用可明显抑制BGC 82 3细胞Hsp70的表达 ;Bcl 2、Bax的表达均增加 ,且Bax的表达强于Bcl 2 ,并全部分布在胞浆。结论　吐温 80合并 4 2℃温热可通过诱导细胞凋亡来抑制肿瘤细胞生长 ,其对细胞Hsp70表达的抑制和对Bcl 2、Bax表达及分布的影响可能与凋亡的发生有关     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various