河南省栾川县伏牛山发现翼手目物种大菊头蝠

2011年3月至11月,在调查河南省洞栖蝙蝠过程中,分别在河南省信阳市新县沙窝镇胡山水库引水渠(N31°41′,E115°04′)、南阳市桐柏县桐柏山太白顶桃花洞(32°23′N,113°16′E)、洛阳市栾川县伏牛山龙峪湾矿洞(N33°42′,E111°45′)3地观察到大菊头蝠(Rhinolophus luctus),并各捕获1只个体共3只,对其外形和头骨特征进行了测量、描述,与其他地区的大菊头蝠进行了比较,经鉴定为大菊头蝠华南亚种(R.luctus lanous).标本现保存于河南师范大学标本馆.本文还探讨了大菊头蝠在河南省的分布状况.     

湖南省翼手目新纪录——大耳菊头蝠

2008年11月和2010年3月,在湖南省凤凰县水打田乡马脚通洞和吉首市寨阳乡堂乐洞进行翼手类调查时,分别采到4号和2号菊头蝠标本.通过将其外形及头骨的测量数据与文献记载的重庆万县和贵州开阳大耳菊头蝠标本的特征比较,鉴定为大耳菊头蝠四川亚种Rhinolophus macrotis episcopus,属湖南省翼手目新纪录.标本保存于吉首大学动物标本室.     

基于核基因RAG1部分序列探讨菊头蝠科和蹄蝠科的系统发育关系

应用核基因重组激活基因1(Recombination activating gene,RAG1)部分序列对贵州9种菊头蝠和5种蹄蝠的系统发育关系进行了研究,运用贝叶斯法(Bayesian inference,BI)、最大似然法(Maximum likelihood,ML)和邻接法(Neighbor-joining,NJ)构建了系统进化树。研究结果表明:1.菊头蝠科和蹄蝠科形成两个平行的分支,支持它们是两个平行科的结论。2.马铁菊头蝠是菊头蝠科中第一个独立出来的亚分支,与其余8种菊头蝠的亲缘关系最远;Rhinolophus sp.与大菊头蝠聚合为一支,推测Rhinolophus sp.可能是大菊头蝠,或者是大菊头蝠的近缘种,它们是继马铁菊头蝠之后分离出来的第二亚分支;中华菊头蝠、栗黄菊头蝠、中菊头蝠聚合为第三亚分支,贵州菊头蝠、大耳菊头蝠、菲菊头蝠聚合为第四亚分支,此两分支形成姊妹群。3.在蹄蝠科的亚分支中,三叶蹄蝠、小蹄蝠、普氏蹄蝠依次分离出来,最后分出的是大蹄蝠和中蹄蝠。     

四种菊头蝠染色体组型分析

本文分析了皮氏菊头蝠(R. pearsoni chinensis),鲁氏菊头蝠(R.rouxi sinicus),角菊头蝠(R.cornutus pumilus)及中菊头蝠(R.affinis)的常规核型,现报道如下。     

广东五种菊头蝠的核型分析

本用蝙蝠的新鲜肺组织和尾椎进行组织培养,然后在光学显微镜下计数30个染色体分散良好的中期分裂相细胞,并进行摄影、剪贴和测量。分析了广东地区5种菊头蝠的核型,即小菊头蝠的核型为2n=62,FN=60;角菊头蝠的核型为2n=62,FN=60;中菊头蝠的核型为2n=62,FN=60;大耳菊头蝠的核型为2n=62,FN=60;中华(栗黄)菊头蝠的核型为2n=36,FN=60。大耳菊头蝠的核型为首次报道。角菊头蝠和中菊头蝠的核型与前人报道的结果基本相同。中华(栗黄)菊头蝠的核型(2n=36)与张维道报道的鲁氏菊头蝠相同,而与印度和斯里兰卡产R．rouxii的核型2n=56迥异。最后对东亚地区菊头蝠多样性进行了探讨。     

蝙蝠寄生吸虫中孔属一新种(复殖目:中孔科)

中国蝙蝠寄生吸虫的研究,国内仅见陈心陶(1954)曾有报告。我们于1987年2—3月,在杭州的绒菊头蝠(Rhinolopbus lanosus)与皮氏菊头蝠(Rhinolophus pearsonii)的小肠中采得一些标本,经鉴定为中孔科(Mesotritidae)中孔属(Mesotretes)的一新种东方中孔吸虫新种Mesotretes rientalisp.nov.(见图)。模式标本(正模1个,副模9个)保存在杭州师范学院生物系动物教研室,新种器官的量度均以mm为单位。寄主:绒菊头蝠Rhinolophus lanosus皮氏菊头蝠Rhinolophus pearsonii寄生部位:小肠分布地点:杭州种的描述:根据10个标本,结合活体观察。体呈柳叶形,1.91…     

形态和声波相似的中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠的共存机制

研究了同域分布的中华菊头蝠(Rhinolophus sinicus)与中菊头蝠(Rhinolophus affinis)的食性、形态、回声定位声波及捕食时间.中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠均属于中等体型的菊头蝠,前臂长分别为(51.25±0.22) mm和(52.40±0.37) mm;悬挂状态下的回声定位声波均为典型的调频-恒频-调频(FM-CM-FM)型叫声,峰频分别为(82.07±0.17) kHz和(84.41±0.48) kHz.粪便分析显示中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠分别捕食9目和7目昆虫,均以鳞翅目(Lepidiptera)和鞘翅目(Coleoptera)昆虫为主要食物(体积百分比总和> 90%),捕食鳞翅目昆虫的体积百分比差异显著,对猎物大小(以鞘翅目昆虫体长衡量)的选择无显著差异.中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠的营养生态位宽度分别为2.38和2.28,重叠度达0.91,营养生态位未发生明显分化,但充足的食物资源促进了二者的共存.另外,2种菊头蝠的感官生态位和时间生态位未发生明显分化.由2种菊头蝠的翼载和峰频的差异推测二者发生了空间生态位和捕食微生境的分化,这也可能促进了二者的共存.     

贵州五种菊头蝠的核型分析 *

采用常规骨髓细胞空气干燥法,研究了贵州5种菊头蝠的核型。贵州菊头蝠和中菊头蝠2n=62,两者染色体臂数(NF)均为60;托氏菊头蝠、小菊头蝠和栗黄菊头蝠的染色体数是2n=36,其中托氏菊头蝠和小菊头蝠染色体臂数(NF)是58,栗黄菊头蝠是60。5种菊头蝠的性别决定机制均是xY。     

贵州6种蝙蝠的核型

采用常规骨髓细胞空气干燥法,研究了贵州6种蝙蝠的核型。白腹管鼻蝠(Murina leucogaster)2n=44,染色体臂数(FN)为58;普通长翼蝠(Miniopterus schreibersi)染色体数是2n=46,FN为50,黄大蹄蝠(Hipposideros pratti)2n=32,FN为60;角菊头蝠(Rhinolophus cornutus)2n=62,FN为60;云南菊头蝠(R.yunnanensis)2n=44,FN是60;犬蝠(Cynopterus sphinx)2n=34,FN=58。其中白腹管鼻蝠、云南菊头蝠和犬蝠为国内首次报道。     

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因部分序列探讨贵州9种菊头蝠(翼手目:菊头蝠科)的分子系统进化关系

依据部分线粒体16S rRNA基因序列,我们对贵州九种菊头蝠进行了分子系统进化关系研究.结果表明:马铁菊头蝠与其他菊头蝠亲缘关系较远,它可能是最原始的种类.中华菊头蝠和贵州菊头蝠聚在同一分支,表明它们之间亲缘关系非常接近,高鞍菊头蝠和贵州菊头蝠的DNA差异百分比最小(1.13%),因此认为这两个种亲缘关系也非常接近.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various