贵州6种蝙蝠的核型

采用常规骨髓细胞空气干燥法,研究了贵州6种蝙蝠的核型。白腹管鼻蝠(Murina leucogaster)2n=44,染色体臂数(FN)为58;普通长翼蝠(Miniopterus schreibersi)染色体数是2n=46,FN为50,黄大蹄蝠(Hipposideros pratti)2n=32,FN为60;角菊头蝠(Rhinolophus cornutus)2n=62,FN为60;云南菊头蝠(R.yunnanensis)2n=44,FN是60;犬蝠(Cynopterus sphinx)2n=34,FN=58。其中白腹管鼻蝠、云南菊头蝠和犬蝠为国内首次报道。     

河南省二种菊头蝠的核型研究

取骨髓细胞采用空气干燥法对河南省二种菊头蝠的核型进行研究。结果：1．中菊头蝠染色体数为2n=62,N,F=60,属于Harada等划分的菊头蝠属的第1类群,即最原始的类群;2．马铁菊头蝠染色体数为2n=58．N．F=60,属于Harada等划分的菊头蝠属的第2类群;3．马铁菊头蝠的核型为国内首次报道。     

广东五种菊头蝠的核型分析

本用蝙蝠的新鲜肺组织和尾椎进行组织培养,然后在光学显微镜下计数30个染色体分散良好的中期分裂相细胞,并进行摄影、剪贴和测量。分析了广东地区5种菊头蝠的核型,即小菊头蝠的核型为2n=62,FN=60;角菊头蝠的核型为2n=62,FN=60;中菊头蝠的核型为2n=62,FN=60;大耳菊头蝠的核型为2n=62,FN=60;中华(栗黄)菊头蝠的核型为2n=36,FN=60。大耳菊头蝠的核型为首次报道。角菊头蝠和中菊头蝠的核型与前人报道的结果基本相同。中华(栗黄)菊头蝠的核型(2n=36)与张维道报道的鲁氏菊头蝠相同,而与印度和斯里兰卡产R．rouxii的核型2n=56迥异。最后对东亚地区菊头蝠多样性进行了探讨。     

基于核基因RAG1部分序列探讨菊头蝠科和蹄蝠科的系统发育关系

应用核基因重组激活基因1(Recombination activating gene,RAG1)部分序列对贵州9种菊头蝠和5种蹄蝠的系统发育关系进行了研究,运用贝叶斯法(Bayesian inference,BI)、最大似然法(Maximum likelihood,ML)和邻接法(Neighbor-joining,NJ)构建了系统进化树。研究结果表明:1.菊头蝠科和蹄蝠科形成两个平行的分支,支持它们是两个平行科的结论。2.马铁菊头蝠是菊头蝠科中第一个独立出来的亚分支,与其余8种菊头蝠的亲缘关系最远;Rhinolophus sp.与大菊头蝠聚合为一支,推测Rhinolophus sp.可能是大菊头蝠,或者是大菊头蝠的近缘种,它们是继马铁菊头蝠之后分离出来的第二亚分支;中华菊头蝠、栗黄菊头蝠、中菊头蝠聚合为第三亚分支,贵州菊头蝠、大耳菊头蝠、菲菊头蝠聚合为第四亚分支,此两分支形成姊妹群。3.在蹄蝠科的亚分支中,三叶蹄蝠、小蹄蝠、普氏蹄蝠依次分离出来,最后分出的是大蹄蝠和中蹄蝠。     

四川产中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种和马铁菊头蝠日本亚种外部形态及头骨的比较

对四川产中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种(Rhinolophus affinis himalayanus)和马铁菊头蝠日本亚种(R.ferrumequinum nippon)的23项外部形态指标和22项头骨形态指标进行了测量,并进行数理统计分析。结果表明,(1)中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种和马铁菊头蝠日本亚种的23项外部形态测量指标中有2项差异显著(P<0.05),16项差异极显著(P<0.01),其中:中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种(n=14)体长小于59 mm(47.30~58.40),尾长小于26 mm(21.69~25.68),耳长小于22 mm(18.36~21.88),前臂长小于56 mm(50.9~54.20),第Ⅲ掌骨第一指节长小于16 mm(13.2~15.53),第Ⅲ掌骨第二指节小于32 mm(27.38~31.74);而马铁菊头蝠日本亚种(n=6)体长大于62 mm(62.43~66.76),尾长大于30 mm(30.56~36.18),耳长大于24 mm(24.47~27.20),前臂长大于56 mm(58.78~63.46),第Ⅲ掌骨第一指节大于19 mm(19.38~21.39),第Ⅲ掌骨第二指节大于34 mm(34.42~38.11),这些差异可作为区分四川产这两个种的依据。(2)中菊头蝠喜马拉雅亚种和马铁菊头蝠日本亚种的22项头骨形态测量指标中,除颅高、听泡间距差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他20项指标都存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。     

四川七种蝙蝠的核型

本报道了四川地区7种蝙蝠的核型。菊头蝠科2种,即角菊头蝠(Rhinolophus comutus)的核型为2n=62,FN=60;栗黄菊头蝠(R．ssinicus)的核型为2n=36,FN=60。蹄蝠科1种,即大蹄蝠(H．armiger)的核型为2n=32,FN=60。蝙蝠科3种,即伏翼(Pipistrellus abramns)的核型为2n=26,FN=44;南蝠(Iaio)的核型为2n=50,FN=48;山蝠(Nyctalus velutinus)的核型为2n=36,FN=50。犬吻蝠科的皱唇蝠(Tadarida teniotis)的核型为2n=48,FN=62。南蝠的核型为首次报道,但栗黄菊头蝠的核型2n=36与安徽张维道报道相同,而与印度和斯里兰卡同种R．rouxii的核型2n=56迥异。分布在中国的栗黄菊头蝠R．sinicus应为独立种而不是R．rouxii的中国亚种。另5种蝙蝠的核型与前人研究结论基本一致。     

四种菊头蝠染色体组型分析

本文分析了皮氏菊头蝠(R. pearsoni chinensis),鲁氏菊头蝠(R.rouxi sinicus),角菊头蝠(R.cornutus pumilus)及中菊头蝠(R.affinis)的常规核型,现报道如下。     

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因部分序列探讨贵州9种菊头蝠(翼手目:菊头蝠科)的分子系统进化关系

依据部分线粒体16S rRNA基因序列,我们对贵州九种菊头蝠进行了分子系统进化关系研究.结果表明:马铁菊头蝠与其他菊头蝠亲缘关系较远,它可能是最原始的种类.中华菊头蝠和贵州菊头蝠聚在同一分支,表明它们之间亲缘关系非常接近,高鞍菊头蝠和贵州菊头蝠的DNA差异百分比最小(1.13%),因此认为这两个种亲缘关系也非常接近.     

中国4种蝙蝠的G-带和C-带

首次报道了中国4种蝙蝠的G-带和C-带核型。大长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea)二倍染色体数目(2n)为36,常染色体臂数(FN)为56;马来假吸血蝠(Megaderma spasma)2n=38,FN=70;黑髯墓蝠(Taphozous melanopogon)2n=42,FN=64;皱唇蝠(Chaerephon plicata)2n=48,FN=54。通过C-带显示,除着丝粒异染色质外,在皱唇蝠的许多染色体臂内和马来假吸血蝠染色体的端粒处也有较多的插入异染色质,大长舌果蝠的基因组中既有臂内异染色质也有端粒异染色质。     

两种鼠耳蝠的核型、G带和C带研究

使用肺、心脏等组织进行培养,用空气干燥法制作染色体标本,以胰酶法制作G带,BSG法制作c带,分析了贵州2种鼠耳蝠的核型、G带和c带.水鼠耳蝠Myotis daubentoni和小鼠耳蝠Myotis dividii的染色体数均为2n=44,拥有3对大型和1对中型中着丝粒染色体,染色体臂数(FN)=52;这2种鼠耳蝠的G带...     

Karyology of eight species of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Hainan Island,China

Karyotypes and chromosomal data are presented for eight bat species representing two families (Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) from Hainan Island, China. The species investigated were Rhinolophus lepidus (2n = 62, FN = 60), R. pusillus (2n = 62, FN = 60), R. affinis (2n = 62, FN = 60), R. sinicus (2n = 36, FN = 60), Myotis horsfieldi (2n = 44, FN = 52), Pipistrellus abramus (2n = 26, FN = 44), Miniopterus australis (2n = 46, FN = 50) and M. schreibersii (2n = 46, FN = 50). The karyotype of Rhinolophus lepidus is reported for the first time.     

Discrimination of wingbeat motion by bats,correlated with echolocation sound pattern

Summary Bats of the species Rhinolophus rouxi, Hipposideros lankadiva and Eptesicus fuscus were trained to discriminate between two simultaneously presented artificial insect wingbeat targets moving at different wingbeat rates. During the discrimination trials, R. rouxi, H. lankadiva and E. fuscus emitted long-CF/FM, short-CF/FM and FM echolocation sounds respectively. R. rouxi, H. lankadiva and E. fuscus were able to discriminate a difference in wingbeat rate of 2.7 Hz, 9.2 Hz and 15.8 Hz, respectively, between two simultaneously presented targets at an absolute wingbeat rate of 60 Hz, using a criterion of 75% correct responses.The performance of the different bat species is correlated with the echolocation signal design used by each species, particularly with the presence and relative duration of a narrowband component preceding a broadband FM component. These results provide behavioral evidence supporting the hypothesis that bats that use CF/FM echolocation sounds have adaptations for the perception of insect wingbeat motion and that long-CF/FM species are more specialized for this task than short-CF/FM species.Abbreviations CF constant frequency - FM frequency modulation     

Food habits of the sympatric insectivorous bats Rhinolophus rouxi and Hipposideros lankadiva from Sri Lanka

The diets of Rhinolophus rouxi and Hipposideros lankadiva were studied during October 1984 in Sri Lanka, by analysing the faeces collected from individuals. As a comparison, insects were collected with a light trap at different sites in the study area.
Rhinolophus rouxi showed no specialization for any particular insect prey. The diet composition in this species shows a good correspondence to the composition in dry weight of insects collected by light traps. Dipterans were under-represented in the faeces compared to the numbers trapped. This suggests that R. rouxi forages unselectively on prey larger than the generally very small dipterans. After the first monsoon showers, the remains of beetles, especially scarabaeids, and termites were more common in the faeces of R. rouxi. Bats caught at hourly intervals during one night showed an increase in the proportion of moths consumed.
In contrast, H. lankadiva was found to feed mainly on beetles, particularly scarabaeids, together with large, slow-flying insects such as bugs or nuptial ants. The proportion of beetles (79%-100%) in the faeces of this species was about three times higher than their representation in the insect collections. This suggests that H. lankudiuu forages selectively.     

大蹄蝠的核型分析

研究了大蹄蝠的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs。大蹄蝠的染色体数目是2n=32,NF=60,No.8染色体上有一明显的次缢痕,大蹄蝠有丰富的结构异染色质,主要以着丝粒带的形式存在;且有若干对染色体部分或全部异染色质化;一对Ag-NORs稳定地出现于No.8染色体。     

The karyotype of Sphiggurus villosus (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) from Brazil

Karyotypic analysis was performed in two male specimens of Sphiggurus villosus collected in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The observed 2n = 42 / FN = 76 karyotype was similar to those of other Erethizontidae such as Erethizon dorsatum and Sphiggurus vestitus and to hystricomorph rodents like Myocastor coypus. Current karyotypic data showed that two species of the genus Coendou share the same diploid and fundamental numbers (2n = 74 / FN = 82) but 3 Sphiggurus species differ in diploid number while sharing the same fundamental number.