巨噬细胞极化及与肾小管上皮细胞互动在缺血再灌注所致急性肾损伤中的作用

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是以肾功能急剧衰退为主要表现的常见危重临床疾病.缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,IR)是AKI的主要病因之一.由于缺乏早期诊断方法和针对病因的特异性治疗,AKI的死亡率一直居高不下.IR快速诱发固有免疫反应,激活补体和固有免疫细胞,释放大...     

急性肾损伤生物标志物的研究进展

正急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是常见的临床综合征,特别是在重症监护病房等单元。临床上血肌酐增高的程度和尿量变化是目前AKI的诊断指标,但肌酐不是反映肾功能变化的可靠指标,临床局限性较大,因此通过基础研究和临床研究发现理想的生物标志物势在必行,这对AKI的诊断、治疗、判断预后及预防极其重要。近年来的研究发     

非编码RNA在急性肾损伤中作用及机制的研究进展

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是临床常见的综合征,是慢性肾脏病和终末期肾脏病的独立危险因素.目前对于AKI的治疗和早期诊断的手段仍十分有限,其发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势.非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA),包括微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA,是转录自基因组的不...     

急性肾损伤早期诊断生物标志物研究进展

急性肾损伤(Acute kidney injury,AKI)可发生于各临床科室其临床经过常见并严重,ICU的重症患者AKI的发病率和死亡率更高。早期诊断对AKI的预后影响重大,能否找到临床实用的早期预测AKI的生物学标志物尽早采取干预措施是改善其预后的关键。本文就近年来研究的几种具有潜力的生物标志物作一综述。     

铁死亡在急性肾损伤中的作用机制及治疗应用

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是指由各种病因引起肾功能快速下降而出现的临床综合征,严重者可进展为尿毒症甚至导致死亡。由于缺少有效治疗方法,临床上AKI患者死亡率高达50%。近年研究发现铁死亡(ferroptosis)在AKI发病机制中发挥重要作用;铁螯合剂、GPX4小分子抑制剂以及其他脂质过氧化抑制剂在体内及体外AKI模型中均显示具有肾脏保护作用。本文系统回顾铁死亡的定义及其关键调控通路,并对铁死亡在AKI发病中的作用和机制以及其在AKI中潜在的治疗策略进行综述。     

运动性急性肾损伤与新型肾功能生物标志物

大强度运动中,非创伤性急性肾损伤（acute kindey injury, AKI）经常发生,表现为血尿、蛋白尿、血红蛋白尿等。一般认为,中低程度的运动性急性肾损伤是可逆的,可完全恢复。但动物实验与人类研究均发现,严重的运动性肾损伤会导致“功能性”急性肾损伤发展为“结构性”急性肾损伤,并增加慢性肾病的风险。运动性急性肾损伤对机体的潜在健康威胁已引起国内外相关领域学者的广泛关注。血清肌酐 (serum creatinine, Scr)和尿量作为肾功能的传统经典标志物,不能特异性反映早期肾损伤,而新型肾损伤标志物可进一步明确损伤的位置及严重程度。在运动领域,利用新型生物标志物进行无创性检查,识别早期运动性急性肾损伤非常必要。本文综述了反映肾小球或肾小管损伤、细胞周期停滞和肾损伤修复的新型生物标志物,着重论述了尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL)和肾损伤分子-1（KIM-1)与肾功能的关系,以及长时间耐力运动、急性运动和高强度间歇阻力运动3种运动形式对肾功能的影响,旨在引起重视,精准识别风险,及时进行早干预。     

运动性急性肾损伤与新型肾功能生物标志物

大强度运动中,非创伤性急性肾损伤（acute kindey injury, AKI）经常发生,表现为血尿、蛋白尿、血红蛋白尿等。一般认为,中低程度的运动性急性肾损伤是可逆的,可完全恢复。但动物实验与人类研究均发现,严重的运动性肾损伤会导致“功能性”急性肾损伤发展为“结构性”急性肾损伤,并增加慢性肾病的风险。运动性急性肾损伤对机体的潜在健康威胁已引起国内外相关领域学者的广泛关注。血清肌酐 (serum creatinine, Scr)和尿量作为肾功能的传统经典标志物,不能特异性反映早期肾损伤,而新型肾损伤标志物可进一步明确损伤的位置及严重程度。在运动领域,利用新型生物标志物进行无创性检查,识别早期运动性急性肾损伤非常必要。本文综述了反映肾小球或肾小管损伤、细胞周期停滞和肾损伤修复的新型生物标志物,着重论述了尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL)和肾损伤分子-1（KIM-1)与肾功能的关系,以及长时间耐力运动、急性运动和高强度间歇阻力运动3种运动形式对肾功能的影响,旨在引起重视,精准识别风险,及时进行早干预。     

心脏术后急性肾损伤的研究进展

急性肾损伤（Acute Kidney Injury,AKI）是心脏术后较常见且较严重的并发症,明显增加患者的住院费用,并且增加手术死亡率。研究发现术前肾功能不全、糖尿病、及外周血管疾病等是术后AKI的危险因素。最新的研究发现一些新的生物学标准物可以为我们早期诊断心脏术后AKI的发生的提供帮助。而一旦出现AKI,选择适当药物治疗和肾脏替代治疗,可以保护肾功能,改善AKI患者的预后。     

具有活性氧清除能力的功能纳米材料用于急性肾损伤缓解

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI)是一种高发病率、高死亡率的危重疾病.除了支持性治疗,如血液透析和肾脏移植之外,暂时无针对性的治疗方法.因此需要从AKI发病机制着手,探索一种新型的治疗策略.近期研究表明,氧化应激是急性肾损伤的重要病理机制之一.因此,有针对性地缓解肾脏氧化应激成为AKI治疗的关键.具有还原性的功能纳米材料的发展为治疗急性肾损伤提供了新的思路和可能的途径.本文综述了近年来具有活性氧清除能力的功能纳米材料在AKI治疗中的研究进展.     

Klotho与肾损伤及修复的研究进展

Klotho蛋白在肾脏高表达,可溶型Klotho广泛分布于血液、尿液和脑脊液中,在体内发挥重要内分泌样功能。Klotho在肾损伤中的作用日益受到重视,已有研究表明Klotho在急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI)中呈暂时性,而在慢性肾脏病中呈持续性肾脏局部和系统性缺陷。Klotho可望成为肾损伤的生物标志物,有利于AKI早期诊断及反映其向慢性肾损伤的进展,并有潜在的治疗价值。然而,对Klotho如何影响AKI修复的研究有限。本综述着重讨论Klotho在AKI及修复中的作用,特别是Klotho与细胞命运(坏死/凋亡/自噬)、修复/再生、Wnt/β-catenin和促红细胞生成素受体(Klotho的效应因子之一)的关系。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.