结核分枝杆菌热休克蛋白Hsp16.3及其合成肽在小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答

目的比较结核分枝杆菌Hsp16.3和Hsp16.3合成肽在小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答及保护力。方法80只BALB/c小鼠随机分5组共免疫3次,间隔2周。分别于0、2、4、6、8周采集血液,ELISA法检测在抗原Hsp16.3和Hsp16.3合成肽包被时血清中的抗体浓度及第8周时血清中的抗体滴度。末次免疫完成后4周,取每组8只免疫小鼠分离脾淋巴细胞,用Hsp16.3和Hsp16.3合成肽分别刺激后,MTT法测定脾淋巴细胞的增殖指数,     

人工抗原合成研究进展

近年来,以小分子化合物为半抗原的免疫分析技术在食品药品、环境保护等领域已有诸多应用,并取得了较为理想的检测效果。小分子化合物只能与载体偶联形成人工抗原后,方能借助T细胞表位间接诱导B细胞进行增殖与分化,进而产生特异性抗体。高效的人工抗原的合成是保证免疫分析的前提和关键,就近年来国内外有关人工抗原合成过程中所涉及的小分子半抗原的设计与合成方法、载体的选择、半抗原与载体的偶联方法、人工抗原的纯化及鉴定方法等进行综述。     

人Nek2蛋白原核表达纯化及其多克隆抗体制备 *

目的通过原核表达系统表达人Nek2蛋白,优化表达条件并纯化Nek2蛋白,制备抗Nek2多克隆抗体.方法 将Nek2基因片段构建到原核表达载体pET30a(+)上,转化大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3);加入诱导剂IPTG诱导表达,对诱导温度,诱导剂IPTG终浓度,诱导时间等条件进行优化;利用12% SDS-PAGE后250mmol/L KCl染色切胶纯化蛋白质,将纯化后的Nek2蛋白进行质谱鉴定;纯化Nek2蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,运用ELISA,Western blot和免疫荧光实验检测多克隆抗体效价和特异性.结果 构建了pET30a(+)-Nek2重组原核表达质粒,诱导的重组人Nek2蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在;蛋白质的最适诱导表达条件为28℃,180r/min条件下加入终浓度为0.2mmol/L IPTG诱导32h;质谱分析纯化后的蛋白质为Nek2蛋白,最终获得浓度为1.35mg/ml纯化后的Nek2蛋白;纯化蛋白免疫小鼠,多克隆抗体效价大于1∶243 000,且具有良好的抗原特异性;免疫荧光实验显示Nek2主要定位于细胞质和细胞核.结论: 利用重组人Nek2蛋白获得具有良好抗原特异性的抗Nek2多克隆抗体.     

IL-21单克隆抗体对MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠的治疗作用*

目的: 探讨IL-21单克隆抗体对MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠的免疫治疗作用。方法: 将20只MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠随机分为模型组和治疗组,每组10只;同年龄同性别C57BL/6小鼠10只作为正常组。治疗组小鼠每周腹腔注射IL-21单克隆抗体(100 μg),正常组及模型组小鼠每周腹腔注射等量生理盐水(100 μg),连续干预8周。干预结束后观察小鼠皮毛、活动等一般性状及浅表淋巴结大小,并采集小鼠血液、尿液及肾脏标本。采用Western blot法检测三组小鼠肾组织中IL-21蛋白表达情况;采用ELISA法比较三组小鼠血清抗ds-DNA抗体、ANA抗体、血尿素氮、肌酐和炎症因子IL-17A、TGF-β1水平;采用生物化学法比较三组小鼠24 h尿蛋白水平。结果: 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肾组织IL-21、血清抗ds-DNA、ANA抗体水平、尿素氮、肌酐、IL-17A浓度及24 h尿蛋白水平均升高(P＜0.05),TGF-β1浓度降低(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,治疗组小鼠肾组织IL-21、血清抗ds-DNA、ANA抗体水平、尿素氮、肌酐、IL-17A浓度、24 h尿蛋白水平均降低(P＜0.05),TGF-β1浓度升高(P＜0.01)。结论: 腹腔注射IL-21单克隆抗体可改善MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠免疫功能与肾损害,提示治疗机制可能与重塑Th17/Treg相关细胞因子平衡有关。     

重度左心衰患者弥散功能降低的临床研究报告*

目的: 观察重度左心衰竭患者肺弥散功能(D_LCO)变化的临床特点,探讨其潜在的病理生理学机制及其临床意义。方法: 回顾性分析28例重度左心衰患者的临床资料、D_LCO、肺通气功能和心肺运动试验指标。结果: 左心衰竭患者的峰值摄氧量严重降低为34±7%pred和无氧阈为48±11%pred,D_LCO中度降低为63±12%pred 。28例患者有25例D_LCO低于80%pred,而用力肺活量、第一秒用力肺活量、第一秒用力肺活量/用力肺活量和肺总量分别为75±14 、71±17、97±11和79±13%pred,提示通气功能呈边界性至轻度限制性障碍。D_LCO的下降幅度显著大于肺通气指标。结论: 具有极严重心肺功能受限的重度心衰患者,D_LCO显著降低和仅仅边界性轻度限制性通气受限。D_LCO是心肺协同功能指标,在无明显呼吸受限前提下是反映循环功能受限的指标。     

重组质粒pcDNA3-dnaJ/蛋白DnaJ异源免疫诱导Th1和Th17细胞免疫应答抵抗肺炎链球菌感染 *

目的 探索更有效的肺炎链球菌DNA疫苗和疫苗免疫策略,并探究其中的保护机制。方法 构建重组质粒pcDNA3-dnaJ并表达DnaJ蛋白,实验分别设置重组质粒pcDNA3-dnaJ/蛋白DnaJ免疫小鼠组及单独质粒pcDNA3-dnaJ免疫小鼠组,分别比较肺炎链球菌菌株攻毒后小鼠鼻腔灌洗液细菌载量及生存率,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠血清抗体效价及炎症因子,流式细胞术分析体外BMDCs激活情况及Th1和Th17细胞免疫应答。结果 质粒pcDNA3-dnaJ免疫3次可诱导血清中抗原特异性抗体的产生,并减少肺炎链球菌攻毒后鼻咽部的细菌载量,但在防止致死性感染方面效果较差。然而,与重复质粒DNA接种三次相比,pcDNA3-dnaJ 1次/ DnaJ蛋白加强1次的免疫策略可以显著减少鼻咽中的肺炎链球菌定植,并能够更好的预防致死性感染。此外,与DNA质粒加强免疫相比,DnaJ蛋白加强免疫后可产生更高水平的IFN-γ和IL-17A。结论 重组质粒pcDNA3-dnaJ/蛋白DnaJ异源免疫可能通过活化树突状细胞,进而诱导Th1和Th17细胞免疫应答,抵抗肺炎链球菌感染。     

建立正常人肺血管容量的无创精确测量方法的初步报告*

目的: 由于传统呼吸调控环路忽略了对血液循环的决定性作用,肺（静脉）血管容量相关研究甚少,亟需建立肺血管容量测量方法。方法: 选择正常志愿者完成CT全肺扫描,图像数据经过计算机软件分析处理,从肺尖到肺底以40~50层进行肺野手工切划,相邻层间由计算机自动模拟连接,在去除干扰后进行全肺血管（≥0.6 mm）高精度三维立体成像技术处理,进而计算全肺和肺血管容积。结果: 12例正常志愿者从肺尖到肺底CT扫描图片层数为530±98（431~841）张。全肺和肺血管的总容积是3705±857（2398~5383）ml ,肺血管血液总的容积是125±32（94~201）ml。按肺静脉系统血管容量约为全肺血管血液容量一半计算,应该是63±16（47~100）ml。结论: 肺CT扫描数据分析三维立体成像建立肺血管容量无创测量方法精确可行。     

SARS灭活病毒免疫兔后IgG特异抗体应答

将灭活的SARS冠状病毒抗原每隔两周多点注射免疫兔,共免疫3次,以观察SARS灭活病毒免疫兔后兔血清中IgG特异性抗体的应答变化。免疫前及第一次免疫后第8、14、21、28、35天耳静脉取血,分离血清。间接ELISA法测得血清中特异性IgG抗体持续升高,并表现出一定的剂量依赖性：第35天G1、G2、G3组血清IgG抗体滴度分别为1：51200、1：49600、1：25600;中和试验测得G1组第28天血清样品中和抗体效价为1：2560;蛋白芯片测得M、N、3CI,、S1、S2、S3、S4等病毒蛋白抗原都可特异性结合抗血清中的IgG抗体,但是不同蛋白抗原结合能力有差别。因此可认为SARS灭活病毒经皮下注射免疫兔后,可诱导全身性IgG抗体应答,产生SARS冠状病毒特异性抗体。     

严重急性呼吸综合征患者血清特异性抗体消涨规律的长期追踪研究

目的:追踪检测SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)抗体在严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者血清中的产生及其转归规律,为SARS诊断及防治提供依据。方法:对41例临床诊断SARS患者的血清进行了连续3年的检测,分别应用间接免疫荧光(IFA)检测患者血清特异性IgG抗体平均滴度,应用双抗原夹心ELISA法检测患者血清核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)抗体的平均滴度,绘制消涨曲线,得出消涨规律。结果:应用IFA检测患者血清特异性IgG抗体与应用双抗原夹心ELISA法检测N蛋白抗体所得到的消涨规律不同,前者测得康复者血清IgG抗体滴度维持在较低水平,但后者检测35例康复者血清N蛋白抗体仍维持在较高水平。结论:SARS-CoV的N蛋白是免疫原性较强的抗原,感染3年后仍存在高滴度抗体;抗原夹心ELISA检测SARS-CoV N蛋白抗体的灵敏度较IFA方法高。     

心源性睡眠呼吸异常：心衰患者睡眠期间陈-施呼吸 机制探讨的初步报告*

目的: 探讨心衰患者陈施呼吸的发生率及发生机制。方法: 连续入选2015年3月~2015年5月于阜外医院行睡眠呼吸监测的患者56例,分为心衰组和非心衰组。结果: 两组睡眠呼吸暂停的发生率均较高,心衰组11例患者中呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）>5的有10例,平均AHI指数23.93±14.63;非心衰组45例患者中AHI>5的有33例,平均AHI指数16.20±18.76;心衰组中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停（CSA）次数占睡眠呼吸暂停总数的比例明显大于非心衰组病人,分别为80.21%±30.55%和27.16%±35.71%,P<0.01。结论: 心脏的循环功能和肺脏的呼吸功能是联合一体化,相互联系、互为因果而又互相影响。慢性心力衰竭的循环障碍促成了潮式呼吸的发生,所以称之为心源性呼吸睡眠异常。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.