湖北省和江苏省发现尼泊尔鼠耳蝠

2013年4月在湖北省十堰市房县野人洞(31°55'8.3″N,110°43'56.5″E,海拔282 m)捕捉到11号鼠耳蝠标本(5雄6雌),同时在江苏省宜兴市灵谷洞(31°13'20.9″N,119°44'23.3″E,海拔123 m)捕捉到5号鼠耳蝠标本(1雄4雌)。上述鼠耳蝠标本体型较小,前臂长33.6～37.5 mm,颅全长11.2～13.8 mm;后足长不及胫骨长之半;背毛基部黑色,毛尖棕色有时更多显现浅红灰色,腹毛基部黑色但毛尖淡灰白;上颌前臼齿(P3)位于齿列之中。经鉴定均为尼泊尔鼠耳蝠(Myotis nipalensis),分别为湖北省和江苏省翼手目新纪录。本文给出了尼泊尔鼠耳蝠的外形和头骨特征及其相关测量数据,并与来自青海、尼泊尔的标本进行了对比;同时对其回声定位信号进行室内录制及分析;此外对其分类地位和分布状况进行了讨论。标本保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

广东省翼手目新纪录——宽耳犬吻蝠及其回声定位叫声特征

2013年6月和9月在广东省英德市郊碧落洞(24°06'56.9'N,113°21'10.0'E,海拔88 m)分别捕捉到5号和1号蝙蝠标本(均为雌性)。上述蝙蝠体型较大,前臂长60.4~63.3 mm,胫骨长18.0 mm,颅全长24.8 mm,颅基长23.9 mm;耳大,双耳前基部在额部相联,上唇肥厚且具24~26个硬瘤,尾从尾膜后缘伸出一半,毛色土褐,双色;颅骨大,腭缘缺刻深,长大于宽。经鉴定为宽耳犬吻蝠Tadarida insignis,为广东省翼手目新纪录。本文给出了宽耳犬吻蝠的外形和头骨特征,并与来自安徽、山东和日本的标本进行了对比;同时对其回声定位信号进行了分析。标本保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

福建省三明市发现南长翼蝠

2013年7月在福建省三明市尤溪县梅仙镇峰岩村峰岩3号洞(26°15'15″N,118°16'55″E,海拔536 m)用雾网采集到4只蝙蝠(1♀、3♂)。利用数显电子秤和数显游标卡尺测量了外形17项及头骨25项指标,并与文献记载的海南、爪哇岛、斯兰岛标本进行了比对。体型较小,耳短而宽,毛短而密,毛被扩展到鼻子后方,背毛黑褐色,腹毛深棕色,头颈部毛色与腹部毛色较一致;翼膜狭长,第Ⅲ指第二指节的长度约为第一指节的3倍;头骨的吻突低而略宽,脑颅高、大而圆;体重7.1~9.8 g,前臂长41.7~43.7 mm,颅全长13.87~14.17 mm,颅高6.21~6.73 mm。经鉴定为南长翼蝠(Miniopterus pusillus),为福建省翼手类新纪录。标本保存在河南师范大学生命科学学院。     

辽宁省蜥蜴类新纪录——山地麻蜥

<正>2013年8月6日~11日,作者在辽宁省凌源市进行野外调查,于大河北乡南刘杖子村田地边缘的山麓(40°48'02.3″N,118°54'11.4″E~40°48'09.5″N,118°54'11.6″E,海拔约693 m)采集到蜥蜴标本3号,另于居民住宅附近低矮丘陵顶部(40°48'02.5″N,118°54'02.9″E,海拔811 m)采集到蜥蜴标本1号。经鉴定为蜥蜴科Lacertidae麻蜥属Eremias山地麻蜥E.brenchleyi,为辽宁省蜥蜴新纪录。标本保存于沈阳师范大学两栖爬行动物研究所标本室,编号为SYNU13090016~SYNU13090019。     

湖南省衡东县发现大卫鼠耳蝠

2015年7月26日于湖南省衡东县四方山仙妃洞(26°58′24.93″N,113°3′23.03″E,海拔641 m)捕到1只雌性蝙蝠。该蝙蝠体型较小,前臂长34.54 mm,后足长超过胫长的一半;通体黑褐色,被毛毛尖染有淡棕色,腹毛由前而后淡棕色毛尖逐渐增加,到腹后部几乎形成淡棕色区;颅全长13.34 mm,齿式为2.1.3.3/3.1.3.3=38,初步鉴定为大卫鼠耳蝠(Myotis davidii)。基于线粒体Cyt b基因1 140 bp序列对上述标本与大卫鼠耳蝠不同种群进行系统发育分析,大卫鼠耳蝠是一个单起源的谱系,其种群形成了广东、广西一个支系和江苏、安徽、浙江、湖南、重庆另一个支系,其中,江苏种群和广西种群之间的遗传距离最远。通过形态特征和线粒体Cyt b基因序列鉴定,确认此标本为蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidac)鼠耳蝠属的大卫鼠耳蝠。标本保存于湖南师范大学脊椎动物标本馆。     

山东省鸟类新纪录——斑姬啄木鸟

<正>2015年7月,在山东省泰安市桃花源景区进行野外鸟类调查时,在环山路小溪流旁茂密的松树林中(117°3'18.96″E,36°16'37.41″N,海拔510 m)发现一只体长约100 mm的小型啄木鸟;同年11月,在泰安市黑龙潭山脚处的柏树林中(117°06'5.39″E,36°12'40.49″N,海拔356 m)用相机拍到了该种鸟。经鉴定,该鸟为斑姬啄木鸟Picumnus innominatus(约翰·     

湖南鱼类新纪录——灰裂腹鱼

<正>2007年9月—2014年8月,作者采用固定样点法对湖南省壶瓶山国家级自然保护区内的鱼类资源进行监测,在长江一级支流——澧水上游的渫水纸棚河段(110°33'25.1″E,30°00'50.0″N,海拔516 m)采集到裂腹鱼标本5尾,根据《中国鱼类系统检索》和《中国动物志(硬骨鱼纲鲤形目下卷)》鉴定为灰裂腹鱼Schizothorax griseus。经查阅相关文献,为湖南省新纪录。测量标本5尾,全长204~231 mm,体长162~186 mm;体长为体高的4.2~4.7倍,为头长的4.3~4.4倍,为尾柄长的     

陕西省鸟类新纪录——红颈瓣蹼鹬和尖尾滨鹬

正2012—2015年在对陕西省蒲城卤阳湖国家湿地公园(109°23'24″~109°35'09″E,34°47'41″~34°50'07″N)进行鸟类调查期间陆续发现了一些陕西省新分布鸟类,其中有2种于2014年8月23日和2015年8月11日拍摄到了清晰的照片,根据其外部形态特征,经查阅《中国鸟类野外手册》(马敬能等,2000)和《中国鸟类志》(赵正阶,2001),分别确定为红颈瓣蹼鹬Phalaropus lobatus和尖尾滨鹬Calidris acuminata。据《中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版)》(郑光美,2011)以及相关文献,并检索中国     

内蒙古鸟类新纪录——鸥鸽

<正>2014年12月2日,笔者在内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟额济纳旗进行全国第二次陆生野生动物资源调查期间,于达拉呼布镇东北7 km(101°11'51″E,42°06'38″N,海拔917 m)的农田发现约100只欧鸽Columba oenas正在休息;12月3日距此处北3 km左右的引水渠(101°11'23.96″E,42°06'47.50″N,海拔921 m)发现约150只欧鸽,多数个体在取食、饮水,少数在飞翔。2017年3月21日—5月30日,笔者在达来呼布镇多处(101°0'55.17″E,42°04'18.05″N;101°10'27.28″E,41°59'3.29″N;101°09'54.72″E,     

达氏科(扁形动物门,单肠目)涡虫二新种

本文记述淡水涡虫类单肠目Rhabdocoela达氏科Dalyelliidae小达氏涡虫属Microdalyellia一新种,广东小达氏涡虫Microdelyellia guangdongensis Wang et Rong,sp.nov.,模式标本由卢彦宏于2013年6月9日采自广东省深圳市石岩水库(22°40'58″N,113°53'42″E);杰氏涡虫属Gieysztoria一新种,七星岩杰氏涡虫Gieysztoria qixingyanensis Wang et Rong,sp.nov.,模式标本由刘旭坤于2014年8月6日采自广东省肇庆市七星岩风景区(23°04'32″N,112°28'46″E)。对2个涡虫新种的形态特征作了详细描述,并分别与小达氏涡虫属和杰氏涡虫属近似物种进行了比较。所有标本保存于中国科学院国家动物博物馆。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.