短序十大功劳基因组总DNA提取方法研究

以短序大功劳嫩叶为材料,采用CTAB法、CTAB改良法1、CTAB改良法2、SDS法和试剂盒法五种方法提取短序十大功劳基因组总DNA,用分光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测所得总DNA的纯度和得率,用ISSR-PCR扩增的方法检测所得总DNA的质量。结果表明,五种方法均能从短序大功劳叶片中提取到基因组DNA,但不同方法提取得的基因组DNA的纯度、浓度和得率存在明显的差异。CTAB改良法2和试剂盒法提取的DNA纯度高,可直接用于下游分子生物学实验,CTAB法、CTAB改良法1和SDS法提取的总DNA质量较差,不利于下游的分子生物学实验;五种方法提取的总DNA的得率在10.836~451.709μg/g之间,呈CTAB法>SDS法>CTAB改良法1>CTAB改良法2>试剂盒法的现象。此实验获得的结果可以为短序十大功劳分子生物学研究提供基础。     

鸢尾属药用植物总DNA提取方法的比较研究

以鸢尾属（Iris L．）药用植物鸢尾Iris tectorum Maxim．叶片为材料,分别采用CTAB法、高盐低pH法、SDS法和试剂盒法四种方法提取植物总DNA,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计、ISSR和RAPD四种方法对所提取的DNA样品进行检测。结果表明,用SDS—I法提取的植物总DNA纯度、浓度和完整性都很高,从经济角度考虑优于用试剂盒提取,从提取效果考虑不亚于用CTAB法和高盐低pH法提取,是比较适合鸢尾属植物总DNA提取的方法。     

野生芋属植物干叶片DNA的提取及PCR扩增

野生芋属植物体内多糖、色素、酚类等次生物质含量较高,严重影响从中提取的DNA的质量.针对这一问题,作者以6种芋属植物的干叶片为材料,摸索出一种适合芋属植物的DNA提取方法,并对提取的DNA进行了纯度鉴定和PCR检测,结果表明此方法可有效去除次生物质对DNA的干扰,样品DNA的质量和纯度较高,可用于下游分子生物学操作.     

榉属植物总DNA提取方法研究

榉属植物体内酚类、多糖等次生物质含量较高, 严重影响从中提取总DNA 的产量和质量。针对这一问题探索出一种适合榉属植物总DNA 的提取方法, 并对提取的总DNA 进行了纯度和浓度的鉴定。结果表明此方法可有效去除次生物质对DNA 的干扰, 样品DNA 的质量和纯度较高, 可用于随机引物RAPD 扩增和随后的各种遗传学分析。     

三种提取蓝猪耳总DNA方法的比较

针对蓝猪耳（Torenia fournieri L.）叶片中多糖、色素等物质严重干扰总DNA提取质量的问题,以蓝猪耳叶片为试验材料,分别采用高盐低pH值法、SDS法、CTAB法提取总DNA,并从样品电泳图谱、纯度、得率等方面对三种方法进行评价。结果表明,CTAB法提取总DNA的产率较高、纯度最好,是蓝猪耳总DNA提取的最佳方法。     

三种土壤微生物总DNA提取方法的比较

本文对3种常用的土壤微生物总DNA提取方法Martin法、高盐改进法及试剂盒法进行了比较,并通过DNA得率、纯度及16S rDNA V3可变区的PCR扩增结合DGGE法(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis),分别对3种方法进行评价.结果表明,3种方法提取的DNA均能满足土壤微生物多样性分析的要求.其中试剂盒方法操作简单,提取的DNA质量较高,但DNA得率较低且成本昂贵.Martin法和高盐改进法用时较长,DNA得率较高,纯度较低,但对后续PCR扩增和DGGE分析没有明显影响,且成本低廉.     

SDS-CTAB结合法提取棉花总DNA

根据以往提取棉花总DNA的经验 ,并参考了几种相关的植物总DNA提取方法 ,得到一种更适合棉花 (GossypiumL .)总DNA提取的方法。该提取方法综合了SDS法与CTAB法的优点 ,使获得的棉花总DNA纯度高 ,得率大 ,完整性较好 ,可用于PCR检测 ,Southern杂交 ,RAPD ,染色体步移等分子生物学操作。     

野生芋属植物干叶片DNA的提取及PCR扩增

野生芋属植物体内多糖、色素、酚类等次生物质含量较高,严重影响从中提取的DNA的质量。针对这一问题,作者以6种芋属植物的干叶片为材料,摸索出一种适合芋属植物的DNA提取方法,并对提取的DNA进行了纯度鉴定和PCR检测,结果表明此方法可有效去除次生物质对DNA的干扰,样品DNA的质量和纯度较高,可用于下游分子生物学操作。     

重金属污染土壤总DNA提取方法的研究——土壤预处理和硫酸铵铝在DNA提取中的应用

【目的】从土壤中获得高纯度、高得率和完整性好的总DNA,为重金属污染土壤微生物群落多样性的分析奠定基础。【方法】将一定浓度的硫酸铵铝增补入DNA提取液中,分别联合不同方式的土壤预处理,对所提取的土壤总DNA进行完整性、纯度和得率分析。【结果】TENP-AlNH4(SO4)2法、ABG-AlNH4(SO4)2法、Wash-AlNH4(SO4)2法和试剂盒4种提取方法获得的DNA片段均在23 kb左右,总DNA完整;Wash-AlNH4(SO4)2法提取的DNA纯度较高,A260/A230达到2.00,A260/A280达到1.62;ABG-AlNH4(SO4)2法的DNA得率最高,达到1 010μg/g土壤;这两种方法提取的DNA在纯度和浓度上均达到后续PCR等分子实验要求。通过扩增提取的土壤总DNA中16S rRNA基因,表明合适浓度的硫酸铵铝能有效去除土壤中的PCR干扰因子。【结论】本研究将土壤的预处理和一定浓度的硫酸铵铝联合使用,获得理想的重金属污染土壤的总DNA。     

用于微生物多样性分析的棉田土壤总DNA的提取

目的：探讨适用于微生物多样性研究的棉田土壤微生物总DNA提取方法。方法：采用4种方法提取不同连作和轮作处理的棉田土壤微生物总DNA,比较其纯度、产率、片段大小,并应用ARDRA技术验证其质量。结果：其中3种方法均可获得23kb的DNA片段,但不同方法提取的DNA的产率和纯度上有明显差异。改良CTAB-SDS法提取的DNA完整性好,得率为24.20μg.g-1干土,纯化后A260/A280和A260/A230为分别为1.80和1.70,纯化回收率可达70.1%,完全适用于后续的PCR分析。结论：采用该法提取棉田土壤总DNA简便而高效。对该法提取获得的棉田土壤微生物总DNA进行ARDRA和DGGE分析,所得图谱能较全面地反映不同处理间微生物多样性及群落结构的差别,为不同栽培体系下棉田土壤微生物的分子生态学研究提供了基础。     

植物总DNA样品的快速制备

利用Ｑｉａｇｅｎ微量植物ＤＮＡ提取试剂盒,在１小时内即可从植物组织获得总ＤＮＡ,提取过程中勿需酚／氯仿和ＳＤＳ抽提,操作简便、快捷。所得ＤＮＡ样品的ＯＤ２６０／ＯＤ２８０值在１．７－１．９之间。样品纯度高;该样品不含ＰＣＲ反应抑制剂及其他酶反应抑制剂,可被各种限制性内酶完全降解,适合于ＰＣＲ、印迹、ＲＡＰＤ、ＡＦＬＰ和ＲＦＬＰ分析等各种下游应用。     

Method evaluation of Fusarium DNA extraction from mycelia and wheat for down-stream real-time PCR quantification and correlation to mycotoxin levels

Identification of Fusarium species by traditional methods requires specific skill and experience and there is an increased interest for new molecular methods for identification and quantification of Fusarium from food and feed samples. Real-time PCR with probe technology (Taqman) can be used for the identification and quantification of several species of Fusarium from cereal grain samples. There are several critical steps that need to be considered when establishing a real-time PCR-based method for DNA quantification, including extraction of DNA from the samples. In this study, several DNA extraction methods were evaluated, including the DNeasy Plant Mini Spin Columns (Qiagen), the Bio robot EZ1 (Qiagen) with the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen), and the Fast-DNA Spin Kit for Soil (Qbiogene). Parameters such as DNA quality and stability, PCR inhibitors, and PCR efficiency were investigated. Our results showed that all methods gave good PCR efficiency (above 90%) and DNA stability whereas the DNeasy Plant Mini Spin Columns in combination with sonication gave the best results with respect to Fusarium DNA yield. The modified DNeasy Plant Mini Spin protocol was used to analyse 31 wheat samples for the presence of F. graminearum and F. culmorum. The DNA level of F. graminearum could be correlated to the level of DON (r(2) = 0.9) and ZEN (r(2) = 0.6) whereas no correlation was found between F. culmorum and DON/ZEA. This shows that F. graminearum and not F. culmorum, was the main producer of DON in Swedish wheat during 2006.     

五种提取马尾松基因组DNA方法的比较

对于含有大量多糖如酚、酯、萜等其它二次代谢产物的松科和杉科等针叶植物,要从其组织中提取高质量的基因组DNA一般都比较困难。本文以马尾松(Pinus massoniana)针叶为材料,分别采取了简易提取法、高盐沉淀法、CTAB沉淀法、Ziegenhagen法和QIAGEN公司DNeasy Plant Mini Kits 5种方法提取基因组DNA;并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、限制性内切酶处理和RAPD 3种方法对所提取的DNA样品进行检测,将它们在DNA的产量、质量和耗时、耗费等方面的优缺点进行定量总结,以便在实际工作中根据不同的实验目的选取最合适的方法,并根据分子生态学研究工作的实际特点确定了CTAB沉淀法为最佳方法。     

五种提取马尾松基因组DNA方法的比较

对于含有大量多糖如酚、酯、萜等其它二次代谢产物的松科和杉科等针叶植物,要从其组织中提取高质量的基因组ＤＮＡ一般都比较困难。本文以马尾松（ｐｉｎｕｓ ｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａ）针叶为材料,分别采取了简易提取法、高盐沉淀法、ＣＴＡＢ沉淀法、Ｚｉｅｇｅｎｈａｇｅｎ法和ＱＬＡＧＥＮ公司ＤＮｅａｓｙ Ｐｌａｎｔ Ｍｉｎｉ Ｋｉｔｓ５种方法提取基因组ＤＮＡ;并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、限制性内切酶自理和ＲＡＰＤ３种方法对     

康氏木霉基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

采用3种常规DNA提取方法提取瑞氏木霉基因组DNA。结果表明:冷冻研磨CTAB法更适合此真菌DNA的提取,试剂盒提取的总DNA纯度和浓度也较高,但是价格昂贵,饱和酚抽提法提取的DNA浓度不高,且易有降解现象,不适合分子生物学操作的要求。     

Comparison of seven DNA extraction and amplification protocols in historical herbarium specimens of juncaceae

Seven DNA extraction protocols were used to obtain DNA from herbarium specimens ofJuncus andLuzula (Juncaceae) of various ages. DNA of historical samples is difficult to extract, and the extracts are seldom of good quality. The quality of DNA obtained was estimated by using a spectrophotometer to measure the A260/280 absorbance ratio. The total DNA yield was measured by a fluorometer. The results indicate the success of using both mixer mill grinding and a DNeasy Plant Kit. Another extraction protocol (grinding with mortar and pestle, using liquid nitrogen) yielded DNA from many samples. Modified CTAB extraction, with a lengthy precipitation, usually provided good amounts of DNA. Other protocols did not give satisfactory results.     

Evaluation of five commercial nucleic acid extraction kits for their ability to inactivate Bacillus anthracis spores and comparison of DNA yields from spores and spiked environmental samples

This study evaluated five commercial extraction kits for their ability to recover DNA from Bacillus anthracis spores and spiked environmental samples. The kits evaluated represent the major types of methodologies which are commercially available for DNA or total nucleic acid extraction, and included the ChargeSwitch gDNA Mini Bacteria Kit, NucliSens Isolation Kit, Puregene Genomic DNA Purification Kit, QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, and the UltraClean Microbial DNA Isolation Kit. Extraction methods were performed using the spores of eight virulent strains of B. anthracis. Viability testing of nucleic acid extracts showed that the UltraClean kit was the most efficient at depleting samples of live B. anthracis spores. TaqMan real-time PCR analysis revealed that the NucliSens, QIAamp and UltraClean kits yielded the best level of detection from spore suspensions. Comparisons of processed samples from spiked swabs and three powder types indicated that DNA extraction using the UltraClean kit resulted in the most consistently positive results and the lowest limit of detection. This study demonstrated that different nucleic extraction methodologies, represented here by various commercial extraction kits, differ in their ability to inactivate live B. anthracis spores as well as DNA yield and purity. In addition, the extraction method used can influence the sensitivity of real-time PCR assays for B. anthracis.     

Identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker for differentiating male from female and sporophytic thalli of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gracilaria changii</Emphasis> (Rhodophyta)

There have been limited reports on molecular sex markers for macroalgae. We report the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) to identify molecular sex markers for Gracilaria changii (Xia et Abbott) Abbott, Zhang et Xia. Two DNA extraction methods were used: a modified CTAB and phenol-chloroform combination method and the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit. The CTAB and phenol-chloroform method gave the best yield of DNA in quality and quantity and is suitable for larger-sized specimens like G. changii. Sixty-nine RAPD primers were screened to search for sex-linked DNA markers for G. changii, and only one sex-linked marker (716 bp) was identified using OPA 18. RAPD was also used to investigate the molecular characteristics of the three life-stages (male, female, tetrasporophyte) of G. changii. Seven (OPA7, OPA18, S14, S61, S64, S75 and S76) out of the 69 primers showed polymorphism and were selected for interpopulation analysis for DNA isolated from 23 samples collected from Morib and Sungai Pulai in Malaysia. The combination of data produced by the seven primers generated a dendrogram that grouped the specimens into different clades according to their sex and life-stage using the unweighted pair group and arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method. It showed that RAPD was able to differentiate tetrasporophytes, females, and males. Presented at the 6th Meeting of the Asian Pacific Society of Applied Phycology, Manila, Philippines.     

野老鹳草DNA的提取方法及RAPD分析

目的：以野老鹳草（Geranium carolinianum L．）的茎、叶为材料,研究野老鹳草DNA的提取方法及RAPD的分析。方法：采用CATB法、高盐低pH法和SDS法分别提取野老鹳草的基因纽DNA,并对3种方法进行了一些改进。通过RAPD分析所提取的DNA,比较所用的提取方法。结果：比较DNA产量、质量等,确定了高盐低pH法较佳。结论：干燥的材料和新鲜的材料均可提取得到DNA,高盐低pH法提取的效果优于CTAB和SDS法。