甘肃黄花烟草愈伤组织抗氰呼吸的研究

根据呼吸抑制剂试验和氧肟酸滴定法测定结果表明,甘肃黄花烟草愈伤组织呼吸中有明显的抗氰交替途径运行,平均占总呼吸的31%;但仍以细胞色素途径为主,平均占总呼吸的46%;还有23%不受 KCN 加 m-CLAM 抑制的未知剩余呼吸。改变培养基的激素成分和浓度,在不引起愈伤组织发生明显分化条件下,愈伤组织的生长和呼吸速率虽有不同,但抗氰交替途径和细胞色素途径对总呼吸的相对贡献程度和二者的变化趋势基本一致。     

烟草愈伤组织多酚氧化酶研究

柳叶烟草愈伤组织中多酚氧化酶氧化邻苯二酚的活性明显高于氧化对苯二酚的活性。当以邻苯二酚为底物时,烟草愈伤组织多酚氧化酶分别在pH 5.6和pH 7.4有两个活性高峰。KCN、Dieca和m-CLAM对烟草愈伤组织多酚氧化酶活性都有明显抑制效应。根据凝胶电泳分析,继代培养愈伤组织多酚氧化酶同工酶有5条酶带,而巳分化出芽原基的愈伤组织和新分化长出的小叶都有7—8条酶带。继代培养的愈伤组织多酚氧化酶主要存在于除去线粒体的上清液中,线粒体部分也可测出酶活性。继代培养愈伤组织在接种后18天内,多酚氧化酶活性无重大改变。在此期间,Dieca对呼吸的抑制效应也变化不大。分化组织多酚氧化酶活性显著高于继代培养愈伤组织,在芽原基形成后,酶活性明显升高;此时Dieca对呼吸的抑制也由32%上升到47%。     

马铃薯块茎切片伤诱导抗氰呼吸的研究

马铃薯块茎新鲜切片呼吸中不存在抗氰的交替途径。相反,陈化24小时切片的伤诱导呼吸不仅相当抗氰,而且在氰化物(CN~-)存在和不存在时都被间-氯苯氧肟酸(m-CLAM)抑制,证明有交替途径运行。据测定,在陈化切片伤诱导呼吸中,交替途径和细胞色素途径分别约占总呼吸的28%和54%。当受 CN~-抑制时,交替途径的最大运行量(V_(alt))大于实际运行量(ρ·V_(alt)),表明电子流可能从细胞色素主路转向交替途径。当用碘乙酸和丙二酸抑制以降低陈化切片呼吸流时,KCN 和 m-CLAM 各自抑制呼吸的百分比并无改变,说明关于电子流量是控制交替途径“开关”的看法还不能完全得到证实。     

烟草愈伤组织生长和衰老期间呼吸代谢的改变

前人(Ross和Thorpe 1973,Thorpe和Laishley 1973,Brown和Thorpe 1982)曾报道了烟草愈伤组织芽形成期间呼吸速率、线粒体活性、底物代谢途径和有关呼吸酶活性的变化。我们对烟草愈伤组织呼吸代谢的研究证明:组织分化和芽原基的形成与HMP途径运行升高相联系(毕玉蓉和梁厚果1987);愈伤组织的呼吸链存     

烟草愈伤组织分化和芽原基形成期间呼吸代谢途径的改变

接种在继代培养基上的柳叶烟草愈伤组织,未观察到组织分化和芽原基形成。在分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,接种后第6天可见拟分生组织和管胞分化,9—12天有芽原基形成,15—18天可观察到苗端结构。根据碘乙酸、Na_3PO_4和丙二酸抑制试验,以及3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶与琥珀酸脱氢酶活性测定结果,初步表明烟草愈伤组织呼吸中存在有EMP、HMP和TCAC代谢途径.在发生输导组织和芽原基分化的愈伤组织中(接种后第6—12天),HMP途径的运行程度较高;而芽原基的继续生长(培养12天以后),则与EMP途径的增加有关;分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,始终较继代培养愈伤组织具有较高的FCAC活性水平。     

柳叶烟草愈伤组织分化期间抗氰呼吸的改变

继代培养的柳叶烟草愈伤组织有明显的抗氰呼吸。交替途径的相对贡献约占总呼吸的29—38%;但仍以细胞色素途径为主,约占总呼吸的44—51%。接种在分化培养基上的愈伤组织在发生组织分化和芽原基形成期间,交替途径运行量占总呼吸的41—47%,承担呼吸电子传递的主要部分;而细胞色素途径只占总呼吸的29—32%。交替途径运行程度的增高可能与烟草愈伤组织的分化有一定相关性。     

硝酸银对离体培养烟草叶片愈伤组织形成和芽再生及其脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的影响(简报)

培养基中添加不同浓度硝酸银离体培养烟草叶片的结果表明,1～5mg·L-1硝酸银可提高烟草愈伤组织的芽分化率,5 mg·L-1硝酸银对芽再生的促进作用最佳,而高于10mg·L-1的硝酸银抑制愈伤组织的形成和芽再生.在愈伤组织和再生芽中,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量均随硝酸银浓度的增加而增加.     

烟草愈伤组织生长和衰老过程中多聚核糖体类群的变化(英文)

本研究中测定了黄花烟草(Nicotiana rusticaL cv.Gansu yellow flower)愈伤组织生长和由碳水化合物亏缺引起的衰老过程中多聚核糖体类群和蛋白质含量的变化,以期查明衰老的烟草愈伤组织中蛋白质合成速率与蛋白质含量变化的相关性。 继代培养的烟草愈伤组织经过约5d的生长迟滞期,进入指数生长期,第20天后生长停止,干重缓慢下降;第25天出现类似果实成熟时的呼吸跃变现象,呼吸商(RQ)开始下降,呼吸底物由糖转向游离氨基酸,表明在本实验条件下,烟草愈伤组织在培养20～25d后由生长转向衰老,这时蛋白质含量(占细胞总蛋白的90％～95％)立即降低,第35天降低了26％。代表蛋白质合成能力的多聚核糖体相对含量和总核糖体的相对含量在培养20d后开始减少;两者的比值也降低,这与植物衰老过程中蛋白质含量的降低基本一致,表明烟草愈伤组织衰老过程中蛋白质含量的降低.与蛋白质合成能力的下降可能有一定的关系。由于多聚核糖体的解聚并不伴随有单核糖体的增加,也暗示衰老过程中单核糖体被迅速破坏。     

荔枝果实的氰不敏感呼吸

荔枝果实果皮和果肉的匀浆或组织的呼吸受KCN,SHAM和PG的抑制。KCN对呼吸的抑制达12％～58％。有KCN时,受SHAM抑制的呼吸为4％～29％。氰不敏感呼吸比率与果实成熟度有关,未熟绿果比半熟果和成熟果的高。乙烯利诱导成熟前果实呼吸增高但减少氰不敏感呼吸比率。DNP对绿果的总呼吸及氰不敏感呼吸均有轻微刺激作用,但对成熟果只明显刺激总呼吸率。     

KCN和苯氧肟酸对萌发水稻种子不同器官生长和呼吸的影响

苯氧肟酸对萌发水稻芽鞘的生长和呼吸只有较小抑制;而抑制幼根的大部分呼吸和90％以上的生长。KCN对幼根生长和呼吸的抑制均小于苯氧肟酸。初步看出:水稻幼根的呼吸存在有细胞色素途径,但以抗氰交替途径为主,幼根的生长可能主要受被氧肟酸抑制的抗氰交替途径所控制。缺氧时虽然细胞色素途径也受阻,但根中交替途径所占比例较大,对缺氧更敏感。因此设想,缺氧抑制水稻幼根生长的原因之一,可能与交替途径不能正常运行有关。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV