日本鬼鲉背鳍棘毒腺中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型毒腺细胞关系的探讨

日本鬼背鳍棘毒腺中有两种类型毒腺细胞———Ⅰ型细胞和Ⅱ型细胞。两种细胞结构明显不同。本文用形态学方法探讨Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型细胞的关系。结果表明 :毒腺组织中Ⅰ型细胞光镜下有的胞质内可见浅染点样结构 ,并且在不同的细胞内其浅染点状结构的多少有差异 ;电镜下Ⅰ型细胞膜结构差异较大 ,有的Ⅰ型细胞的脂质双层膜性结构清楚 ;有的细胞膜外侧可见膜包小泡 ;有的细胞内侧面也见小泡形成、融合 ,使脂质双层膜间隙变宽 ,其内可见膜包样物质 ,其电子密度中等或较高 ,结构类似于Ⅱ型细胞的囊泡样物质。不同的Ⅱ型细胞其胞质内颗粒大小及电子密度不一 ,囊泡状物多少也不一。含较小而密集颗粒的Ⅱ型细胞胞膜的脂质双层膜的外侧面较规则 ,与Ⅰ型细胞相似 ;脂质双层膜的内侧面出现许多扩张的大囊泡 ,其内含物电子密度高或中等 ,与胞质内含的颗粒状物质相同 ;位于扩张的囊泡与胞膜之间的胞质结构有的与I型细胞的胞质内的某些结构相似。含大而稀疏颗粒的Ⅱ型细胞其颗粒数量少、电子密度差异大 ,并且囊泡样物质增多。推测Ⅱ型细胞可能由Ⅰ型细胞转化而来     

日本鬼()背鳍棘毒腺中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型毒腺细胞关系的探讨

日本鬼()背鳍棘毒腺中有两种类型毒腺细胞--Ⅰ型细胞和Ⅱ型细胞.两种细胞结构明显不同.本文用形态学方法探讨Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型细胞的关系.结果表明:毒腺组织中Ⅰ型细胞光镜下有的胞质内可见浅染点样结构,并且在不同的细胞内其浅染点状结构的多少有差异;电镜下Ⅰ型细胞膜结构差异较大,有的Ⅰ型细胞的脂质双层膜性结构清楚;有的细胞膜外侧可见膜包小泡;有的细胞内侧面也见小泡形成、融合,使脂质双层膜间隙变宽,其内可见膜包样物质,其电子密度中等或较高,结构类似于Ⅱ型细胞的囊泡样物质.不同的Ⅱ型细胞其胞质内颗粒大小及电子密度不一,囊泡状物多少也不一.含较小而密集颗粒的Ⅱ型细胞胞膜的脂质双层膜的外侧面较规则,与Ⅰ型细胞相似;脂质双层膜的内侧面出现许多扩张的大囊泡,其内含物电子密度高或中等,与胞质内含的颗粒状物质相同;位于扩张的囊泡与胞膜之间的胞质结构有的与I型细胞的胞质内的某些结构相似.含大而稀疏颗粒的Ⅱ型细胞其颗粒数量少、电子密度差异大,并且囊泡样物质增多.推测Ⅱ型细胞可能由Ⅰ型细胞转化而来.     

人工感染三角帆蚌病毒性疾病的组织病理学观察(英文)

从自然发病的病蚌中提取出病毒,经人工感染健康三角帆蚌后呈现出典型的病理变化。组织学观察显示消化腺、胃、肠、外套膜、斧足和鳃等均出现大量细胞空泡化、部分细胞肿大、上皮细胞排列不紧密,结缔组织不完整,部分细胞溶解甚至脱落等,表明它们均为病毒损害的主要靶器官。透射电镜观察显示大量砂样病毒存在于患病三角帆蚌不同器官中。病毒粒子为直径约120 nm的圆球形,表面具有明显的纤突,无囊膜结构。被感染细胞呈现明显的病理变化,包括细胞质大片空泡化,细胞器相对减少或缺失,细胞核电子密度加深,肠黏膜上皮细胞不同程度的变性和坏死,消化腺细胞核变形肿大,鳃小片上皮细胞坏死脱落,颗粒细胞的核膜溶解等。       

内脏团插核术刺激对三角帆蚌血细胞的影响

为了探讨三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii Lea)血细胞的类型及内脏团插核手术刺激对血细胞形态结构和数量的影响,研究利用相差显微镜、光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和流式细胞仪对三角帆蚌血细胞进行了形态学研究。流式细胞术光散射图谱显示血细胞被分两类,一类为颗粒度高的大细胞,另外一类为颗粒度低的小细胞;相差显微镜观察显示,血细胞可分为胞体暗、折光性差和胞体明亮、折光性强的两类;Giemsa和H.E染色显示细胞分为胞质染色不均一、胞内颗粒明显和胞质染色均一、胞内颗粒不明显的两类;透射电镜超薄切片观察显示,颗粒明显的细胞胞质内线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器较丰富,颗粒不明显的细胞胞质内细胞器较少;负染结果表明血细胞主要分为表面不光滑、突起明显和细胞表面光滑、突起较不明显的两类。综合上述实验结果可见,三角帆蚌血细胞分为颗粒明显的细胞和颗粒不明显的透明细胞两大类。内脏团插核术刺激后,血细胞的形态和比例均发生显著变化。血细胞形态更多样,伪足状突起更明显,细胞内囊泡状物质增多,血细胞密度显著增高(PP<0.01)。研究表明,作为三角帆蚌免疫系统重要组成部分的血细胞,在插核手术后,其类型、形态结构和数量均产生明显变化,这是机体对外界刺激产生的免疫防御反应,其中颗粒细胞担负着主要的免疫功能。       

洋葱花粉母细胞细胞内、细胞间微梁骨架的超微结构观察(英文)

以洋葱(AlliumcepaL.)花粉母细胞为材料,采用DGD包埋去包埋原位技术,对花粉母细胞不同发育时期的细胞内、细胞间微梁骨架的超微结构进行了电镜观察。结果发现,花粉母细胞核内存在粗细不等的微梁骨架,与核仁和染色体紧密相连,随着发育的推移,其均一性发生改变。在核周有核纤层样的结构存在,与细胞核和胞质中的微梁骨架紧密相连,到前期结束时解体。洋葱花粉母细胞内具有发达的胞质微梁骨架,这种结构在减数分裂前期Ⅰ变化不明显。在胞间连接(胞间连丝和胞质通道)内,也有精细的微梁骨架分布,并且与两端细胞中的骨架相连。在凝线期的花粉母细胞中观察到细胞融合现象,有胞质或核内微梁骨架与穿壁转移的胞质小球和核小球内骨架相连。此时细胞核偏向一边,但细胞的其余部位仍充满了胞质微梁骨架。初步探讨了核微梁骨架与核仁和染色体之间的关系,核纤层与细胞核之间的关系,以及细胞内、细胞间微梁骨架与细胞融合之间的关系     

鸟类原生殖细胞的研究 Ⅰ.鸡胚生殖新月区原生殖细胞超微结构的观察

作者观察了鸡胚生殖新月区的原生殖细胞(PGC)的超微结构。PGC为圆形或椭圆形,13—16μm,有丰富的伪足和微绒毛,尚可见到相邻PGC存在桥粒样结构。细胞核为圆形、椭圆形及分叶状,并呈多处凹陷。与同期胚的其它细胞相比,胞质内细胞器相当丰富且较成熟。观察到有大量微丝。上述PGC的形态,除了细胞桥粒样结构及微丝很少见到报道外,其它特征与鸟类PGC的超微记载相一致。 作者首次观察到PGC中有一种特殊颗粒(即电子致密小体),它自核内产生,进入核周池,并借核膜破裂的方式进入胞质。这种颗粒可能就是生殖颗粒,而由该颗粒在胞质中聚集所构成的特殊高电子致密区可能就是生殖质。从而从形态学上提供了鸟类具有生殖质的证据。     

苏芸金杆菌感染粘虫后中肠组织学病变的研究

本文描述了Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1纯晶体感染粘虫Mythimna separata 5龄初幼虫后,其中肠肠壁细胞的超微结构变化.电镜观察表明:首先线粒体,发生病变,随后,细胞顶部肿胀、胞质电子密度下降,顶部胞质之下的各种细胞器均受损伤.随着病变加重,柱状细胞基膜内褶及杯状细胞质突起,这两个富含线粒体的区域发生病变最为明显.最终,肠壁细胞解体从基膜脱落.     

乌龟外周血细胞的显微和超微结构

乌龟血细胞的显微和超微结构研究表明;在外周血细胞中,可分辨出红细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞等7种细胞.红细胞核圆形,胞质均匀无细胞器.单核细胞的特征是核内异染色质多聚集于周边,胞质中含有许多囊泡.淋巴细胞的核质比例大.血栓细胞以具细长的指状突起,基本无细胞器为其特征.嗜酸性粒细胞仅含一种圆形颗粒,颗粒质地均匀,电子致密,大小不等.嗜碱性粒细胞颗粒环绕在胞核周围,有三种电子密度、颗粒大小不一的类型.嗜中性粒细胞含有两种电子密度、形态不一的颗粒.       

洋葱花粉母细胞细胞内、细胞间微染骨架的超微结构观察

以洋葱（Allium cepa L.）花粉母细胞为材料,采用DGD包埋去包埋原位技术,对花粉母细胞不同发育时期的细胞内、细胞间微染骨架的超微结构进行了电镜观察。结果发现,花粉母细胞核内存在的粗细不等的微染骨架,与核仁和染色体紧密相连,随着发育的推移,其均一性发生改变。在核周有核纤层样的结构存在,与细胞核和胞质中的微染骨架紧密相连,到前期结束时解体。洋葱花粉母细胞内具有发达的胞质微染骨架,这种结构在减数分裂前期Ⅰ变化不明显。在胞间连接（胞间连丝和胞质通道）内,也有精细的微染骨架分布,并且与两端细胞中的骨架相连。在凝线期的花粉母细胞中观察到细胞融合现象,有胞质或核内微梁骨架与穿壁转移的胞质小球和核小球内骨架相连。此时细胞核偏向一边,但细胞的基余部位仍充满了胞质微染骨架,初步探讨了核微染骨架与核仁和染色体之间的关系,核纤层与细胞核之间的关系。以及细胞内、细胞间微染骨架与细胞融合之间的关系。     

养殖乌鳢类立克次体感染的组织病理学研究

本文系统报道了养殖乌鳢类立克次体(Rickettsia-like organism,RLO)感染的各器官(脑、眼、鳃、心脏、头肾、肝、胰腺组织、脾、肾、肠和卵巢)的组织病理变化,探讨了炎症发展的基本规律。感染乌鳢病理解剖学特征和最具病理诊断意义的是体内各器官普遍出现的白色结节。这些结节的显微结构为肉芽肿炎症即一种慢性增生性炎症。在严重病变的肾脏,由于组织坏死区域较大和周围明显的细胞增生形成了境界较为清楚的巨大“肉瘤”状肿物。内脏器官的血管(特别是造血器官的血管)出现明显纤维素性血栓、混合血栓、弥散性血管内凝血(disseminated intravascu-lar coagulation,DIC)和组织细胞大范围的变性或坏死、溶解。大多数器官的组织细胞主要是上皮性细胞、吞噬性细胞,胞质内富含嗜酸性包涵体(eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion),这种细胞多位于鳃上皮处、鳃部和体内器官血管内皮及血管周边结缔组织。血管内皮细胞及周边细胞内大量包涵体的出现导致血管内皮细胞的肿胀和破坏。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV