EZH2在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨EZH2在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法 用免疫组化的方法研究105例乳腺癌中EZH2蛋白表达情况,并进一步探讨其与乳腺癌临床病理因素及其预后的关系.结果 EZH2蛋白在乳腺癌组织中表达明显高于乳腺良性疾病,其表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、PR和c-erbB-2表达无关(P＞0.05),与淋巴结转移、病理组织学分级、ER表达及乳腺癌预后相关(P＜0.05).EZH2蛋白表达在三阴性乳腺癌中表达明显高于非三阴性乳腺癌(P＜0.05).结论 EZH2在乳腺癌淋巴结转移及侵袭中扮演一定的角色,其与乳腺癌预后相关,与ER阴性的乳腺癌发生发展有关.     

乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移的危险因素及血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移的危险因素及血清糖类抗原125（CA125）、环加氧酶-2（COX-2）、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体P55（sTNFR-P55）的预测价值。方法：对2014年1月至2016年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的109例行乳腺癌改良根治术的乳腺癌患者进行前瞻性研究,所有患者术后均随访5年,其中2例失访,107例完成随访。根据5年内患者复发转移情况将其分为复发转移组（n=31）和未复发转移组（n=76）。收集患者入院时的临床病理资料,采用电化学发光法检测术前血清CA125,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测术前血清COX-2、sTNFR-P55。采用logistic回归模型分析患者术后复发转移的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55对术后复发转移的预测价值。结果：复发转移组肿瘤直径＞5 cm、浸润性非特殊癌、脉管癌栓、雌激素受体（ER）/孕激素受体（PR）阴性、无内分泌治疗构成比、TNM分期IIIA期、腋窝淋巴结转移数量4~9个构成比高于未复发转移组（P<0.05）。复发转移组血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55水平高于未复发转移组（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤直径＞5 cm、浸润性非特殊癌、TNM分期IIIA期、脉管癌栓、腋窝淋巴结转移数量4~9个、CA125升高、COX-2升高、sTNFR-P55升高是乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后5年内复发转移的独立危险因素（OR=1.318、1.213、1.223、1.137、1.257、1.241、1.313、1.351,P<0.05）。血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55均可有效预测乳腺癌术后复发转移,曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.803、0.749、0.761,三指标联合预测术后复发转移的AUC为0.915,灵敏度和特异度分别为0.94、0.83。结论：肿瘤直径、浸润性非特殊癌、TNM分期、脉管癌栓、腋窝淋巴结转移数量以及术前血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55异常升高是乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后5年内复发转移的危险因素,术前血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55联合检测可预测乳腺癌改良根治术后的复发转移风险。     

波形蛋白的表达与子宫内膜癌患者术后预后的关系

目的:检测子宫内膜癌组织中波形蛋白的表达。方法:用免疫组化SP法检测173例子宫内膜癌组织中波形蛋白的表达,分析波形蛋白的表达与子宫内膜癌患者临床病例特征及预后的关系,使用探讨其表达与子宫内膜癌的病理特征及患者术后预后的关系Kaplan-Meier法计算手术后患者的总体生存率和无复发生率,采用Cox比例风险模型检验进行单因素和多因素预后分析,应用ROC曲线分析波形蛋白的表达对子宫内膜癌患者预后及术后复发或转移的诊断效能。结果:所有患者子宫内膜癌组织中波形蛋白表达的总阳性率达71.10%。Cox比例风险模型显示病理类型、组织学分级和波形蛋白表达(均有P0.001)是患者的总体生存的独立危险因素,肿瘤FIGO分期(P=0.014)、病理类型(P0.001)、组织学分级(P=0.045)、淋巴结转移(P0.001)和波形蛋白表达(P0.001)是患者的无复发生存的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析的结果表明波形蛋白的表达预测肿瘤的生存和复发的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.887、0.796。结论:子宫内膜癌患者癌组织波形蛋白表达显著上调,与患者术后生存和复发密切相关,可能作为预测子宫内膜癌患者预后的有效参考指标。     

S100A14在乳腺癌不同分子亚型中表达的临床病理研究

目的:探讨S100钙结合蛋白A14(S100A14)在乳腺癌不同分子亚型中的表达及临床病理意义,为确定新的分子分型标志物提供参考依据。方法:254例乳腺癌石蜡组织来源于2013年1月16日至2014年5月22日在中南大学湘雅医学院附属肿瘤医院暨湖南省肿瘤医院进行乳腺癌根治术的患者。应用免疫组织化学方法检测S100A14在乳腺癌组织中的表达,分析其S100A14在不同分子亚型乳腺癌组织中表达及其与患者临床病理指标间的相关性,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析S100A14蛋白表达与乳腺癌患者预后的关系。结果:S100A14在ER+/PR+/HER2+型、ER+/PR+/HER2-型、ER-/PR-/HER2+型、ER-/PR-/HER2-型乳腺癌四种分子亚型中的阳性表达分别为38.5%、47.1%、75.5%、80.0%,以在ER-/PR-/HER2-型中表达最高,在ER+/PR+/HER2+型中表达最低,四组间的阳性表达比较差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);S100A14的表达与乳腺癌患者术后肝转移呈正相关(r=0.134,P0.05),与ER、PR表达均呈负相关(r=-0.353,P0.01),而与ER+/PR+/HER2+型、ER+/PR+/HER2-型乳腺癌的临床病理特征无显著相关性(P0.05)。在ER-/PR-/HER2+型乳腺癌中,有腋窝淋巴结转移组患者的S100A14阳性表达率明显高于无腋窝淋巴结转移组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在ER-/PR-/HER2-型中,S100A14表达与术后肺转移呈负相关(r=-0.272, P=0.044)。结论:S100A14在不同分子亚型乳腺癌中表达存在差异,其表达与不同分子类型乳腺癌转移或复发有关,可能作为乳腺癌分子分型的候选标记物。     

肾细胞癌淋巴结转移预测指标的Logistic 回归分析

目的:研究肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,并建立Logistic回归模型。方法:2002年2月～2010年10月我院手术治疗的肾细胞癌163例,对其临床病理资料进行单因素和多因素的Logistic回归分析。结果:淋巴结转移的发生率为20.9%(34/163)。单因素分析显示:肿瘤大小、临床分期、Fuhrman核分级和贫血与肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的风险有关(P<0.05);多因素分析显示:肿瘤大小、临床分期和Fuhrman核分级是RCC淋巴结转移独立的风险因素。结论:肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的风险与肿瘤大小、临床分期和Fuhrman核分级有关,Logistic回归模型对于判断预后、指导术后治疗及随访方案的制订具有重要作用。     

青年乳腺癌患者P53的表达与临床病理特征的相关性分析

目的:探讨青年乳腺癌患者p53的表达与临床病理特征的相关性分析。方法:选取我院收治小于35岁乳腺癌患者35例为实验组,另选取35岁以上乳腺癌患者为对照组。比较两组患者病理组织分级、淋巴结转移数目以及P53的阳性表达率。结果:实验组P53阳性率为82.86%,高于对照组(65.71%),P0.05;P53阳性率随病理分级、淋巴结转移的增加而增高,经统计学分析呈正相关,P0.05。结论:青年乳腺癌患者的P53表达与病理组织学分级及淋巴结转移呈正相关,故p53的表达有助于判定青年乳腺癌患者的预后。     

ER、PR、CA-153、Ki-67的表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性研究

目的:研究雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、糖类抗原-153(CA-153)、Ki-67的表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法:选取2015年3月-2017年4月我院收治的乳腺癌患者190例为研究对象。分别采用免疫组化法检测患者ER、PR、Ki-67表达情况,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测CA-153表达情况。分析上述四项指标的表达与临床病理特征的关系,并作指标间的相关性分析。结果:有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中ER、PR阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而年龄、肿瘤大小、TNM分期不同的乳腺癌组织中ER、PR阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。肿瘤大小2cm、TNM分期为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移乳腺癌组织中CA-153阳性率分别高于肿瘤大小≤2cm、TNM分期为Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而年龄不同的乳腺癌组织中CA-153阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TNM分期为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移乳腺癌组织中Ki-67阳性率明显高于TNM分期为Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而年龄、肿瘤大小不同的乳腺癌组织中Ki-67阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,ER、PR、CA-153、Ki-67在乳腺癌中表达均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:临床工作中可通过联合检测ER、PR、CA-153、Ki-67的表达情况,从而有效判断乳腺癌患者的病情严重程度以及转移情况,值得临床推广应用。     

PTEN蛋白表达和明胶酶及其抑制因子在乳腺癌侵袭转移中的关系

目的研究乳腺癌中明胶酶(MMP-2、MMP-9)及其抑制物(TIMP-1)与抑癌基因PTEN产物PTEN蛋白的表达在肿瘤侵袭转移中的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测98例浸润性乳腺癌组织MMP-2、MMP-9及TIMP-1和PTEN蛋白的表达.结果乳腺癌MMP-2、MMP-9与PTEN表达呈显著负相关,而TIMP-1与PTEN蛋白表达呈显著正相关(P<0.05).在PTEN低表达组中,MMP-2、MMP-9的表达与腋窝淋巴结受累呈正相关;在PTEN高表达组中,MMP-2、MMP-9的表达与腋窝淋巴结受累呈正相关,TIMP-1与腋窝淋巴结受累呈负相关.结论在乳腺癌侵袭转移中MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1与PTEN蛋白表达显著相关.MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1对肿瘤细胞侵袭转移的作用可能在一定程度上受到PTEN的调控.     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌发生隐匿性颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的:分析甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)发生隐匿性颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法:收集2013-2017年于青岛大学附属医院确诊的PTMC患者共1524例,按其术前、术后是否有颈部淋巴结转移分为显性淋巴结转移、隐匿性淋巴结转移及无淋巴结转移三组,比较各组之间的临床病理特征,包括性别(男性)、年龄、肿瘤大小、双叶、多灶、侵犯包膜、合并桥本病、术前TSH水平等是否具有差异性。结果:单因素分析结果显示:与无淋巴结转移患者相比,隐匿性淋巴结转移组男性患者比例、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤累及双叶、多灶比例均有统计学差异(P0.05),其中隐匿性淋巴结转移组中的发病年龄较低(P0.05),合并桥本病的比率无显著差异(P0.05);与显性淋巴结转移相比,隐匿性淋巴结转移肿瘤大小、合并多灶及合并病理桥本病的转移率较后者低(P0.05)。多因素分析表明以无淋巴结转移的患者为对照组,男性患者、年龄、大小、多灶为隐匿性淋巴结转移的危险因素(OR值分别为0.525,1.033,0.169,0.562);与隐匿性淋巴结转移相比,合并桥本病的患者发生显性颈部淋巴结转移的风险更高,而发病年龄较前者大(OR值分别为0.370,0.979)。结论:男性、肿瘤累及双叶、多灶者为PTMC早期淋巴结转移的危险因素,合并桥本病者发生显性颈部淋巴结转移的风险更高;但没有发现桥本病与隐匿性颈部淋巴结转移存在相关性。     

肾细胞癌淋巴结转移预测指标的Logistic回归分析

目的：研究肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,并建立Logistic回归模型。方法：2002年2月-2010年10月我院手术治疗的肾细胞癌163例,对其临床病理资料进行单因素和多因素的Logistic回归分析。结果：淋巴结转移的发生率为20．9％（34／163）。单因素分析显示：肿瘤大小、临床分期、Fuhrman核分级和贫血与肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的风险有关（P〈0．05）;多因素分析显示：肿瘤大小、临床分期和Fuhrman核分级是RCC淋巴结转移独立的风险因素。结论：肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的风险与肿瘤大小、临床分期和Fuhrman核分级有关,Logistic回归模型对于判断预后、指导术后治疗及随访方案的制订具有重要作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.