妊娠期糖尿病产妇妊娠晚期阴道微生态改变与围产结局的相关性分析

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)产妇妊娠晚期阴道微生态的改变与围产结局的关系。方法选择2017年1月至2019年6月期间在我院门诊进行产检并于我院产科分娩的150例GDM孕妇组成GDM组,并选择同期于我院产检及分娩的150例健康孕妇作为对照组(NC组),孕检时所有研究对象进行阴道分泌物标本采集,并行白带常规检查。检查内容包括阴道分泌物的清洁度、pH值等,采用革兰染色法检测唾液酸苷酶(NA)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)及白细胞酯酶(LE)水平,根据分泌物培养结果判定阴道菌群密集度及多样性,并对围产结局进行随访。比较GDM组与NC组阴道微生态情况及围产结局。结果 GDM组孕妇妊娠晚期阴道微生态异常的发生率高于NC组(χ~2=14.064,P0.05)。GDM微生态异常组早产、胎膜早破、绒毛膜羊膜炎、产后出血、新生儿窒息、新生儿感染、新生儿黄疸发生率明显高于GDM微生态正常组(P0.05),产褥感染及剖宫产、低出生体重率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。NC微生态异常组早产、绒毛膜羊膜炎、产后出血、新生儿感染发生率均明显高于NC微生态正常组(P0.05),胎膜早破、产褥感染及剖宫产、新生儿窒息、新生儿黄疸、低出生体重发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GDM孕妇妊娠晚期阴道微生态异常发生率高,显著增加不良围产结局的发生率,影响孕产妇及新生儿的健康,临床上应动态监测、合理干预以减少围产期不良结局的发生。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白水平与甲状腺激素水平及不良妊娠结局的关系分析

目的:分析妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平与甲状腺激素水平及不良妊娠结局的关系。方法:选取2017年2月～2018年5月期间延安大学附属医院接收的GDM患者118例作为观察组,其中血清HbAlc水平≤6.5%55例,6.5%63例。另外选取同期来我院接受孕检的110例非GDM孕妇作为对照组,比较对照组、观察组血清HbAlc、甲状腺激素水平以及不良妊娠结局,比较观察组中不同HbAlc水平患者不良妊娠结局情况,采用Pearson相关性分析HbAlc水平与甲状腺激素水平的关系。结果:观察组初次测量、二次测量时的血清HbAlc水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)、游离甲状腺原氨酸(FT_3)、总甲状腺素(T_4)、游离甲状腺素(FT_4)水平均低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组羊水过多、胎儿窘迫、新生儿低血糖、早产、巨大儿的发生率均高于对照组(P0.05)。HbAlc水平6.5%的患者羊水过多、胎儿窘迫、新生儿低血糖、早产、巨大儿的发生率均高于HbAlc水平≤6.5%的患者(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果可知,HbAlc与T_3、T_4、FT_4、促甲状腺素(TSH)无相关性(P0.05),而与FT_3呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:血清HbAlc水平可较好地预测GDM患者不良妊娠结局,GDM患者多处于甲状腺激素水平较低状态,且HbAlc与甲状腺功能指标FT_3密切相关。     

运动干预对肥胖超重孕妇血清游离脂肪酸及胎儿的影响

目的:研究运动干预对不同糖耐量超重肥胖孕妇孕期体重增加、妊娠晚期血清游离脂肪酸(Free Fatty Acids,FFA)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)水平及新生儿体重的影响.方法:2008年6月～2009年12月,对来自高危门诊的的肥胖超重孕妇,分别给予单纯饮食干预(饮食组)或运动饮食联合干预(运动加饮食组).妊娠32周采集两组病例空腹血样,测定FFA及TG.排除各组有运动禁忌的孕妇.足月分娩妊娠期糖尿病(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus,GDM)及正常糖耐量(Normal Glucose Tolerant,NGT)孕妇共143例,运动加饮食组(n=73,GDM 21例,NGT 52例).饮食组(n=70,GDM23例,NGT47例)按不同糖耐量分别进行了对比研究.分析二组在孕期体重增加,孕晚期脂代谢水平及新生儿出生体重方面的差异,并就新生儿出生体重与孕期体重增加及孕晚期血清FFA水平的关系做相关性分析.结果:两组孕妇在年龄,孕前体重指数及分娩孕周方面差别无统计学意义.两组GDM在孕期增重(p＜0.01)、新生几出生体重体重(p＜0.05)、孕晚期血清FFA(p＜0.05)、TG水平(p＜0.05)等方面差别有显著性.两组NGT在孕期体重增加(p＜0.05)及新生儿出生体重方面差别有显著性(p＜0.05);饮食组平均血清FFA及TG水平高于运动加饮食组,但未形成显著性差异.饮食组新生儿出生体重与孕期增重(NGT,r=0.468,P＜0.01;GDM,r=0.564,p＜0.01)及孕32周血清FFA水平(NGT,r=0.431,P＜0.05;GDM,r=0.462,p＜0.05)相关有显著性.饮食加运动组新生儿出生体重与孕期增重相关无显著性,与血清FFA相关有显著性(NGT,r=0.375,P＜0.05;GDM,r=0.405,p＜0.05).两组孕妇在巨大儿发生率方面有显著性差异.结论:肥胖超重孕妇新生儿出生体重与孕晚期血清FFA水平有关.饮食结合运动干预有助于肥胖超重GDM孕妇在孕期体重增加,妊娠晚期血清FFA水平,新生儿出生体重,巨大儿发生率等方面取得良好的妊娠结局.     

妊娠期糖尿病与妊娠结局的临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对孕妇妊娠结局和胎儿健康的影响。方法:回顾性分析2009年8月~2012年12月在我院分娩的184例GDM患者及200例健康孕妇的临床资料,并对两组孕妇的妊娠结局进行比较。结果:GDM组妊高症35例(19.0%)、羊水过多17例(9.2%)、早产21例(11.4%)、产后出血14例(7.6%)、产褥感染12例(6.5%),发生率均显著高于对照组(P0.05);GDM组中发生巨大儿48例(26.1%)、新生儿低血糖31例(16.8%),与对照组比较均显著增高(P0.05),而胎儿宫内窘迫的发生率(3.3%)也较对照组升高,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);GDM组剖宫产141例(76.6%),阴道产43例(23.4%),剖宫产比例较对照组显著升高(P0.05)。结论:GDM对孕妇的妊娠结局有不利影响,孕妇应加强孕期保健,规范治疗妊娠期糖尿病,减少各种并发症的发生。     

妊娠糖尿病孕妇孕期适宜增重探讨

目的：分析妊娠糖尿病（GDM）孕妇孕期各阶段体重增重情况,为GDM的预防及控制提供科学数据。方法：选取2018年10月—2019年10月在我院定期产检并分娩的孕妇700例。通过病历查询获取孕妇一般情况、妊娠期各时期体重以及妊娠结局和新生儿体重,与非GDM孕妇及IOM标准比较,分析不同孕前BMI的GDM孕妇妊娠期各阶段增重情况。结果：与非GDM孕妇相比,GDM孕妇其生产年龄、孕前BMI、有无糖尿病家族史、孕期各阶段增重及总增重差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。孕妇早孕期增重过快会增加GDM的发病风险（OR=1.187,95%CI 1.090-1.293）。不同孕前BMI的GDM孕妇其孕24周后增重及总增重均较非GDM组更少（P＜0.05）,与IOM标准比较,两组增重不足、增重适宜及增重过度人数差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。仅孕前体重正常组的GDM孕妇早孕期及孕12~24周增重与非GDM组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,与IOM标准比较后的各组人数差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。按新生儿体重分组,排除早产的47例孕妇,发现各组间母亲孕期各阶段体重增长差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：加强早孕期体重管理有助于降低GDM的发病风险。对于已确诊GDM的孕妇其24周后体重增长普遍低于非GDM组及IOM标准,其适宜增重范围有待进一步研究。     

彩色多普勒超声用于评估妊娠高血压缺氧程度的临床价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声用于评估妊娠高血压缺氧程度的临床价值。方法:将我院自2017年6月至2019年6月收治的妊娠高血压患者106例作为研究组及同期产检正常孕妇103例作为对照组,采用彩色多普勒超声检查仪监测两组孕妇的子宫动脉血流动力学情况,并分析新生儿的缺氧程度。结果:研究组孕妇脐血流搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)、脐血流阻力指数(resistance index,RI)和脐动脉血流收缩期/舒张期(S/D)水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05),舒张早期切迹发生率为47.17%,亦明显高于对照组8.74%(P0.05)。研究组孕妇平均孕周、新生儿体重和体重指数均明显少于对照组(P0.05),其早产率为19.81%、剖宫产率为64.15%、胎儿窘迫发生率为15.09%,均明显高于对照组(5.83%、19.42%、4.85%,P0.05)。研究组中切迹组孕周、新生儿体重均明显小于非切迹组(P0.05)。研究组羊水异常发生率为16.00%,早产率为40.00%,新生儿窒息率为14.00%,胎儿窘迫发生率为26.00%,均明显高于对照组(5.36%、1.79%、1.79%、5.38%,P0.05)。结论:采用彩色多普勒超声仪检测孕妇子宫动脉血流频谱可作为了解子宫-胎盘-胎儿循环的检查方式,评估妊娠并发症的发生风险,监测胎儿宫内生长发育。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症合并妊娠期糖尿病的母儿结局分析

目的:探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)合并妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对母儿结局的影响。方法:选取2012年1月至2013年2月在我院住院分娩的13例ICP合并GDM孕妇为ICP+GDM组,将同期住院分娩的69例单纯ICP孕妇归为ICP组,对两组孕妇的母儿结局进行回顾性比较分析。结果:两组孕妇的子痫前期、胎膜早破、剖宫产、产后出血发生率比较,无明显差异(P0.05);ICP+GDM组孕妇围产儿Apgar小于7分、新生儿肺炎、早产发生率明显高于ICP组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);ICP+GDM组孕妇围产儿平均出生体重低于ICP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症合并妊娠期糖尿病将进一步加重围产儿不良结局,对于此类孕妇,应加强监护和管理,适时终止妊娠,以改善围产儿结局。     

脐动脉血流对预测子痫前期新生儿和产妇结局的价值分析

目的:探讨应用脐动脉血流用于预测子痫前期新生儿和产妇结局的临床价值。方法:选择在我院产科建档分娩的120例孕产妇作为研究对象,根据子痫前期发病情况分为子痫前期组60例与对照组60例,记录和比较两组孕产妇的一般资料、血脂、血糖水平、分娩前脐动脉血流与新生儿体重、胎盘的重量及Apgar评分,并进行相关性与危险因素分析。结果:两组孕产妇的年龄、孕次、产次、流产次数、孕周等对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。子痫前期组的血清HDL-C水平低于对照组(P0.05),血清TC、TG、LDL-C、FBG水平高于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组比较,子痫前期组脐动脉S/D、RI与PI值显著升高(P0.05)。所有孕产妇都顺利完成分娩,孕产妇与新生儿都存活,子痫前期组的新生儿出生体重及Apgar评分和胎盘的重量均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。在子痫前期组中,脐动脉S/D、RI、PI值与新生儿出生体重呈现显著负相关性(P0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示子痫前期孕产妇的脐动脉S/D、RI、PI值为影响新生儿出生体重的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:脐动脉血流与子痫前期新生儿出生体重显著相关,脐动脉S/D、RI、PI值为影响新生儿出生体重的独立危险因素,子痫前期脐动脉血流监测可为预测新生儿和产妇结局以及预后提供参考。     

组织多普勒Tei指数对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎儿心功能的评估价值及母婴预后与血糖控制水平的关系研究

目的:探讨组织多普勒Tei指数对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇胎儿心功能的评估价值,并分析母婴预后与血糖控制水平的关系。方法:选取2017年1月到2018年6月期间在我院行产前检查的GDM孕妇80例,根据血糖控制情况将其分为良好组(48例)和不良组(32例)。另选取同期在我院行产前检查的并在我院生产的健康孕妇50例作为对照组。比较三组研究对象的等容收缩时间(ICT)、等容舒张时间(IRT)、射血时间(ET)、Tei指数、妊娠结局以及新生儿并发症。结果:不良组的ET小于良好组和对照组,Tei指数大于良好组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),不良组的巨大儿、早产、羊水过多、胎儿窘迫的发生率高于良好组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),不良组的新生儿低血糖、高胆红素血症的发生率高于良好组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:组织多普勒Tei指数对GDM孕妇胎儿心功能具有较高的评估价值,可敏感地检测出胎儿心功能异常,血糖控制不良会明显增加不良妊娠结局和新生儿并发症的发生率。     

妊娠中期孕妇血糖水平变化与新生儿体质及大脑发育的关系

摘要 目的：探讨妊娠中期孕妇血糖水平变化与新生儿体质及大脑发育的关系。方法：2018年2月到2021年1月选择在本院建档分娩的妊娠中期妊娠期糖尿病(Gestational diabetes,GDM)孕妇105例作为研究对象,根据孕妇血糖控制情况进行分组,孕妇血糖控制较好纳入良好组,其他纳入对照组。调查分娩的新生儿体质、大脑发育情况并进行相关性分析。结果：在105例孕妇中,血糖控制良好85例,控制不良20例。良好组的孕周、年龄、孕前体重指数、孕次、产次等与对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。良好组新生儿分娩第3个月的体重与身长都高于对照组(P<0.05)。良好组新生儿分娩第3个月的MDI与PDI评分都高于对照组(P<0.05)。在105例孕妇中,Spearsman相关分析显示血糖控制水平与新生儿的体重、身长、智力发育指数(Intelligence Development Index,MDI)评分、精神运动发育指数(Intelligence Development Index,PDI)评分等都存在相关性(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示血糖控制水平都为影响新生儿体重、身长、MDI评分、PDI评分的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：妊娠中期妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖控制水平与新生儿体质、大脑发育存在相关性,血糖控制不佳可导致新生儿体质发育缓慢与智力水平下降。     

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Pregnancy Outcomes

Objective

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the single and joint associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with pregnancy outcomes in Tianjin, China.

Methods

Between June 2009 and May 2011, health care records of 33,973 pregnant women were collected and their children were measured for birth weight and birth length. The independent and joint associations of prepregnancy BMI and GWG based on the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines with the risks of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were examined by using Logistic Regression.

Results

After adjustment for all confounding factors, maternal prepregnancy BMI was positively associated with risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension, caesarean delivery, preterm delivery, large-for-gestational age infant (LGA), and macrosomia, and inversely associated with risks of small-for-gestational age infant (SGA) and low birth weight. Maternal excessive GWG was associated with increased risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension, caesarean delivery, LGA, and macrosomia, and decreased risks of preterm delivery, SGA, and low birth weight. Maternal inadequate GWG was associated with increased risks of preterm delivery and SGA, and decreased risks of LGA and macrosomia, compared with maternal adequate GWG. Women with both prepregnancy obesity and excessive GWG had 2.2–5.9 folds higher risks of GDM, pregnancy-induced hypertension, caesarean delivery, LGA, and macrosomia compared with women with normal prepregnancy BMI and adequate GWG.

Conclusions

Maternal prepregnancy obesity and excessive GWG were associated with greater risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension, caesarean delivery, and greater infant size at birth. Health care providers should inform women to start the pregnancy with a BMI in the normal weight category and limit their GWG to the range specified for their prepregnancy BMI.     

Impact of Placental Plasmodium falciparum Malaria on the Profile of Some Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Women Living in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Background

Impact of the pathophysiology of Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria (PM) on the profile of some oxidative stress biomarkers and their relationship with poor pregnancy outcomes in women remain unknown.

Methods

Between 2013 and 2014, peripheral blood and placenta tissue from 120 Cameroonian women at delivery were assessed for maternal haemoglobin and, parasitaemia respectively. Parasite accumulation in the placenta was investigated histologically. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Gluthatione (GSH) in the supernatant of teased placenta tissues were determined by Colorimetric enzymatic assays.

Results

Parasitaemia was inversely related to haemoglobin levels and birth weight (P <0.001 and 0.012, respectively). The level of lipid peroxide product (MDA) was significantly higher in the malaria infected (P = 0.0047) and anaemic (P = 0.024) women compared to their non-infected and non-anaemic counterparts, respectively. A similar trend was observed with SOD levels, though not significant. The levels of MDA also correlated positively with parasitaemia (P = 0.0024) but negatively with haemoglobin levels (P = 0.002). There was no association between parasitaemia, haemoglobin level and the other oxidative stress biomarkers. From histological studies, levels of MDA associated positively and significantly with placenta malaria infection and the presence of malaria pigments. The levels of SOD, NO and CAT increased with decreasing leukocyte accumulation in the intervillous space. Baby birth weight increased significantly with SOD and CAT levels, but decreased with levels of GSH.

Conclusions

Placental P. falciparum infection may cause oxidative stress of the placenta tissue with MDA as a potential biomarker of PM, which alongside GSH could lead to poor pregnancy outcomes (anaemia and low birth weight). This finding contributes to the understanding of the pathophysiology of P. falciparum placental malaria in women.     

Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence and acid-base status in cord blood at birth: the influence of diabetes.

Pregnancy complicated by poor control of diabetes is associated with a higher risk of embryopathies, spontaneous abortions and perinatal mortality. A number of authors suggest an involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetic pregnancy. Determining lipid peroxidation products (LP), scavenging enzyme activities and the umbilical cord blood's acid-base balance may contribute to an adequate diagnosis of the neonate at birth. Nevertheless, such measurements seem to have limited value in practical clinical routine. The present study evaluates LP, antioxidant defence and acid-base status related to diabetic pregnancy. Twenty-eight women with type 1 diabetes (PGDM), 19 with gestational diabetes (GDM) and 13 control cases were investigated. An additional control group consisted of 15 healthy patients with negative diabetic history; all women underwent vaginal delivery. Immediately after delivery cord blood samples and placental tissue were collected for malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) determination. Additionally, pH, pCO2, pO2 and base excess were measured in both vessels and compared to identify and exclude double venous samples. MDA levels in both cord blood and placental homogenates were significantly higher in both pregestational and gestational diabetic groups, but SOD activity was significantly diminished. Cord blood GSH was markedly elevated in PGDM and GDM. We have also shown significant differences in acid-base parameters in infants of PGDM group. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test.These findings indicate an excessive oxidative stress in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus. Evaluating LP products and scavenging enzyme activities may be valuable, sensitive indexes of fetal/neonatal threat in diabetic pregnancy in humans. Since oxidative stress is an important pathway for fetal injury, we believe that obtaining adequate measurements at the time of birth would contribute to clarifying the fetal/neonatal status in a medical and legal context and might be of value in altering therapy in newborn infants.     

Free-Triiodothyronine to Free-Thyroxine Ratio Mediated the Effect of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index or Maternal Weight Gain During Early Pregnancy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

ObjectiveMaternal overweight or obesity during early pregnancy can increase the subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, whether these associations are mediated by thyroid hormones and their effect sizes is still unknown. This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of thyroid parameters between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) or maternal weight gain during early pregnancy on the subsequent risk of GDM.MethodsThis prospective mother-infant cohort study was conducted from 2018 to 2019. A total of 2772 singleton pregnant women were included in the analysis. A questionnaire survey, anthropometric measures, and thyroid function testing were conducted during early pregnancy. Deiodinase activity was evaluated using the free-triiodothyronine-to-free-thyroxine ratio (FT3:FT4). The standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed during 24 to 28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. A mediation analysis was performed using PROCESS 3.5 to examine the mediating effects of thyroid parameters between prepregnancy BMI or maternal weight gain during early pregnancy on the subsequent risk of GDM.ResultsThe FT3:FT4 ratio was a significant mediator between prepregnancy BMI or maternal weight gain and GDM, accounting for 16.5% and 18.6% of total effects, respectively. FT3 also mediated the association of prepregnancy BMI with GDM, accounting for 3.3% of the total effects. Thyroid-stimulating hormone suppressed the effects of prepregnancy BMI and maternal weight gain on GDM risk, and the proportion of their total effects was 2.4% and 6.4%, respectively.ConclusionDeiodinase activity, as indicated by the FT3:FT4 ratio, was the strongest mediator among thyroid parameters between prepregnancy BMI or maternal early weight gain and GDM.     

The Impact of Exposure Misclassification on Associations Between Prepregnancy BMI and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Prepregnancy BMI is a widely used marker of maternal nutritional status that relies on maternal self‐report of prepregnancy weight and height. Pregravid BMI has been associated with adverse health outcomes for the mother and infant, but the impact of BMI misclassification on measures of effect has not been quantified. The authors applied published probabilistic bias analysis methods to quantify the impact of exposure misclassification bias on well‐established associations between self‐reported prepregnancy BMI category and five pregnancy outcomes (small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) birth, spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preeclampsia) derived from a hospital‐based delivery database in Pittsburgh, PA (2003–2005; n = 18,362). The bias analysis method recreates the data that would have been observed had BMI been correctly classified, assuming given classification parameters. The point estimates derived from the bias analysis account for random error as well as systematic error caused by exposure misclassification bias and additional uncertainty contributed by classification errors. In conventional multivariable logistic regression models, underweight women were at increased risk of SGA and sPTB, and reduced risk of LGA, whereas overweight, obese, and severely obese women had elevated risks of LGA, GDM, and preeclampsia compared with normal‐weight women. After applying the probabilistic bias analysis method, adjusted point estimates were attenuated, indicating the conventional estimates were biased away from the null. However, the majority of relations remained readily apparent. This analysis suggests that in this population, associations between self‐reported prepregnancy BMI and pregnancy outcomes are slightly overestimated.     

高龄孕妇分娩新生儿出生体重及出院转归的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨高龄孕妇分娩新生儿出生体重及出院转归的影响因素。方法：选择2021年01月到2022年01月与我院就诊的198例产妇作为研究对象,根据孕妇分娩时的年龄分为观察组和对照组,分娩时年龄满35周岁为高龄产妇组（98例）,分娩时年龄为20~34周岁为适龄组（100例）。比较适龄孕妇和高龄孕妇新生儿出生体重情况和新生儿住院时间,对高龄孕妇新生儿体重和新生儿出院转归影响因素进行Logistic单因素分析和多因素分析。结果：与适龄孕妇相比,高龄孕妇新生儿低出生体重儿、巨大儿发生率更高（P<0.05）,新生儿住院时间明显更长（P<0.05）。对高龄孕妇新生儿体重进行单因素分析结果显示,妊娠糖尿病、产检检查、分娩方式、是否使用催产素、分娩时麻醉方式和脐带情况与高龄孕妇新生儿体重无关（P>0.05）,孕妇年龄、孕前BMI、孕期体重增加情况、妊娠高血压、合并其他疾病状况、孕次、产次、羊水情况与高龄孕妇新生儿体重相关（P<0.05）。进行Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,孕妇年龄、孕前BMI、孕期体重增加情况、孕次、产次、羊水情况是影响高龄孕妇新生儿出生体重的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。对新生儿出院转归情况进行单因素分析结果显示,胎次、开奶时间、喂养方式和有无接受治疗与新生儿出院转归无相关性（P>0.05）,胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、出生窒息史、有无伴发疾病与新生儿转归相关（P<0.05）。进行Logistic多因素分析结果显示,胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、出生窒息史、有无伴发病是影响新生儿出院转归的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：孕妇年龄、孕前BMI、孕期体重增加情况、孕次、产次、羊水情况是影响高龄孕妇新生儿出生体重的独立危险因素。新生儿出院转归受到胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、出生窒息史、有无伴发病影响。     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染对妊娠期糖尿病及妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)及妊娠结局的影响,为妊娠期产妇慢性HBV感染预防提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2015年2月-2017年2月在我院住院分娩的2615例慢性HBV感染产妇的临床病历资料,根据《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》(2015年版)诊断标准,将所有产妇分为4组:慢性HBV携带者(A组)1128例、乙型肝炎e抗原(HBe Ag)阳性慢性乙型肝炎(B组)406例、HBe Ag阴性慢性乙型肝炎(C组)307例、非活动性乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBs Ag)携带者(D组)774例,并收集同期入院的823例HBV阴性产妇为对照组(E组)。比较各组的GDM发生率及不良妊娠结局发生率。结果:2615例慢性HBV感染产妇中,共发生GDM 866例,发生率为33.12%。B组与C组GDM发生率分别为38.92%、37.46%,均大于E组的30.74%(P0.05)。A组、B组、C组的妊娠期高血压疾病(PIH)发生率分别为7.98%、8.87%、9.77%,均高于E组的3.52%(P0.05);A组、B组、C组及早产发生率分别为3.10%、3.94%、4.56%,均高于E组的0.49%(P0.05)。C组的新生儿窒息发生率为1.63%,高于E组的0.36%(P0.05)。结论:产妇慢性HBV感染若合并肝功能受损或肝组织学病变,可能增加GDM的发生率,若HBV病毒复制活跃,可能导致PIH及早产发生风险增加。     

Metformin Safety in the Management of Gestational Diabetes

ObjectiveThe use of metformin in pregnant women is still controversial, despite the increasing reports on metformin’s safety and effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the maternal and neonatal safety of metformin in subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 186 pregnancies complicated with GDM surveilled at Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, between 2011 and 2012. The maternal and neonatal outcomes of 32 females who took metformin during pregnancy were compared with 121 females controlled with diet and 33 insulintreated females.ResultsOf the 186 GDM subjects, 32 (17.2%) received metformin during pregnancy. No statistical differences between the diet and metformin groups were found with regard to the rates of abortion, prematurity, preeclampsia, macrosomy, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or largefor- gestational-age (LGA) newborns, cesarean deliveries, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, and birth malformations or neonatal injuries. Similarly, there were no differences between the metformin and insulin groups with regard to the referred outcomes. No abortions or perinatal deaths were recorded in the metformin group. Ten out of 32 metformin patients required additional insulin.ConclusionThis retrospective study suggests that metformin is a safe alternative or additional treatment to insulin in females with GDM. Metformin was not associated with a higher risk of maternal or neonatal complications when compared to the insulin or diet groups. (Endocr Pract. 2014;20:1022-1031)     

深度水解蛋白配方奶在不同体重早产儿喂养中的临床效果观察

目的:评估深度水解配方奶(eHPF)在不同体重早产儿早期喂养中临床应用效果。方法:选取2017年9月至2018年12月出生的早产儿,分为极低出生体重儿组(体重1000-1500g之间)62例和低出生体重儿(体重1500-2000g之间)100例,每组再随机分为两组,分别予以深度水解蛋白奶(eHPF)和早产儿配方奶(SPF)喂养。极低出生体重儿组于12小时后开始微量喂养,低出生体重儿12小时内适量喂养;极低出生体重儿组深度水解蛋白奶喂养2周后改早产儿奶喂养,低出生体重儿组深度水解蛋白奶1周后改早产儿奶喂养。比较深度水解蛋白奶在不同体重早产儿早期喂养中的临床应用效果,不同体重早产儿恢复出生体重时间、每日体重增长速度、胃管留置时间、完全肠内喂养天数、住院天数、喂养不耐受发生率、宫外发育迟缓发生率及尿素氮、碱性磷酸酶指标。结果:深度水解蛋白喂养组极低出生体重儿/低出生体重儿恢复出生体重天数、完全肠道喂养天数、胃管留置时间、住院天数较早产儿奶喂养组明显缩短(P0.05),每天体重增长优于早产儿组,喂养不耐受、宫外发育迟缓发生率明显低于早产儿组(P0.05),尿素氮、碱性磷酸酶无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:深度水解蛋白奶用于不同体重早产儿早期喂养效果明显优于早产儿配方奶,其更有助于早产儿的生长发育。