降解硫氰酸和丙烯腈的一种新型混合细菌培养物

从腈纶废水生物粘膜中选育到能降解硫氰酸钠、丙烯腈、异丙醇和丙酮的新型混合细菌培养物。SAT13,其降解硫氰酸钠和丙烯腈的能力分别为1800mg／l和120 mg／l。该培养物由自养菌和异养菌组成,包括排硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thioparus)、中间硫杆菌(Thiobacillus interm-edius)、假单胞杆菌(Ptldomonas sp-)、节杆菌Arthrobacter sp和固氯菌(Az。Tobacter sp．)。这些细菌是净化腈纶废水中污染物的主要微生物,其中降解硫氰酸钠的主要细菌为排硫杆菌、中间硫杆菌和假单胞杆菌。降解丙烯腈的主要细菌是中间硫杆菌和节细菌。固氮菌对这两种污染物无降解作用。     

中国毛白杨根癌土壤杆菌的类型和对土壤杆菌素敏感性的研究

从我国北方8个毛白杨根癌病发病苗圃分离到根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterlum tume[actena)8株。经质粒型、生物型、寄主范匿和对土壤秆菌素agfocin 84和D286的敏感性测定,证明5株系nopaline质粒型,其中生物I型2株,生物|I型2株,I—II中间型1株,3株系agroplne质粒型,其中生物I型2株,生物II型1株。所有分离菌株均系宽寄主群,其中1株经回接能侵染单子叶植物美人蕉(Canna inaiea),水仙(Narcissus)和吊兰(Chlorophytum)。分离菌株中,5株nopaIine质粒型菌榫对土壤杆菌素84敏感,3株agropine质粒和3株生物I型nopali 质粒菌株对土壤杆菌素])286敏感。在温室中,合并使用两种土壤杆菌素产生菌——放射土壤杆菌(A．Radiobaccer)K84和D286的菌体悬浮液,预浸毛白杨和向目荚幼苗根部 或与致病的毛白杨根癌土壤杆菌共接种枝茎,降低根瘟病诱发率达94％以上。表明放射土壤扦菌K84和D286可以控制毛白杨根癌病。     

假单胞菌23—1菌株烃代谢产生表面活性剂的研究

Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ２３—１菌株烃代谢产生一种胞外糖脂类表面活性剂。分析表明,糖脂的糖基为鼠李糖,脂肪酸是十碳癸酸。发酵液糖脂含量１１．５ｇ／Ｌ,其临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）为２００ｍｇ／Ｌ,乳化性能稳定。产生糖脂类生物表面活性可能是该菌株微生物采油增油效果显著的主要原因。     

滇重楼寄生菌的研究

从滇重楼(Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis)地下茎中分离和鉴定出两种细菌——蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaligenes),以及三种真菌——黑团孢霉(Periconia sp.)、白色厚顶孢霉(Pachnocybe albida)和重楼索霉(Hormomyces paridiphilus)。对蜡状芽孢杆菌、产碱假单胞菌和重楼索霉进行了液体培养并测定了胞外多糖含量,结果表明重楼索霉可分泌大量胞外多糖,这可能是导致滇重楼地下茎胶质化和多糖含量增加的原因。     

椰毒假单胞菌的电镜观察

酵米面假单胞菌(Pseudomonas farinofermentans)系从食物中毒的变质酵米面中分离到的病原菌,它与揶毒假单胞菌(P.cocovenenans)为同种不同生物型,与洋葱假单胞菌(P.cepaia)有许多共同点。电镜观察表明,此3株假单胞菌在形态和结构上有以下共同特点：菌体呈短杆状,0．6-0．8×1．5—2．0μm。细胞壁由肽聚糖层和外膜(outer membrane)构成。有时可见丝状体(filaments) 甚至畸形细胞。无荚膜,无菌毛(pili)一端有多根鞭毛。细胞质内有电子透明的聚β-羟基丁酸盐(PHB)颗粒。核区内有电子致密体(e|ectron-densebodies)或层状体(laminar bodies)。细胞表面可见到wei7细胞(mlncells)。均能产生细胞外“丝状物质”,这一特点尚未见报道。     

几种固氮菌nifA基因片段的同源性分析

参照已知数种固氮菌nifA基因的DNA序列,选择其中间区域的两个保守性较强的序列合成引物,利用肺炎克匠杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniaef)、棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinela-ndii)、巴西固氮螺菌(Azospirllum brasilense)、草螺菌(Herbaspirillum seropedicae)和深红红螺菌(Rhodospirillum rubrum)的总DNA进行聚合酶链反应,结果均扩增出约450bp大小的片段,经证实为各种固氮菌的nifA基因部分片段。 核酸印迹分子杂交结果显示出nifA基因在不同固氮菌中的同源性不强。     

沼气池中产氢细菌的研究

1. 在沼气发酵污泥的富集培养物中加入薯芋粉可以旺盛地产氢。这是富集培养沼气发酵污泥中的产氢细菌的较好方法。 2. 我们采用这一方法从沼气池中分离出24株产氢细菌,其产氢置因菌株的种类和发酵基质的不同而异。根据它们的分类特征分别属肠杆菌科(Enterbacteriace)和芽孢杆菌科(Bacil-laceae)。肠杆菌科中有五个种：阴沟肠杆菌(Entcrbacter cloacae),大肠埃希氏菌(Escheriehiacoli),粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens),弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii)和蜂房哈夫尼菌(Hafnia alvei)(暂定)。芽孢杆菌科中仅有一个种,即丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutyltcum)。 3. 各类菌的相对数量以肠秆菌占优势,占总数的58.3％。其次是粘质沙雷氏菌,占16.7％。丙酮丁酵梭菌占12．5％。其他各菌数量较少。 4. 将这些产氢菌与甲烷菌的富集培养物进行混合培养,可大大提高甲烷产量,而二氧化碳显著降低,以至检测不到。     

地衣芽孢杆菌的β－内酰胺酶基因的克隆与穿梭质粒的建造

本文简要报道了地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)染色体上的β-内酰胺酶基因的克隆化,及以此基因为基础建造了一批能在大肠杆菌(E．Coli)和枯草杆菌(Bacillus sub-tillis)中都起作用的穿梭质粒的实验。该β－内酰胺酶基因在枯草杆菌中产生大量产物并可分泌到细胞外。     

细菌超低温冻结保藏的研究

本文报道10属19种19株细菌超低温冻结保藏试验的结果。从细胞存活率看,冻结保藏8个月,10％甘油、10%二甲基亚砜保护剂保藏效果优于蒸馏水作保护剂,少数菌株三种保护剂保藏效果相近。快速冻结与慢速冻结对细咆存活率影响不显著。恶臭醋杆菌混浊变种(Acelobacter rancens var. turbidans) AS 1.41,产氨短杆菌 (Brevibacterium ammoniagenes) AS1．844,细胞悬液浓度大,细胞存活率有增高趋势。电镜观查,超低温冻结细胞死亡率高的产气气杆菌(Aerobacter aerogenes) AS 1.489有胞壁破裂、胞质溢出现象,是细胞死亡原因之一。冻结融化后直接测定,植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum) AS 1.557乳酸生成力下降3．4—13.8％,溶壁小球菌(Micrococcus lysodeikticus) AS 1.634对溶菌酶敏感性下降14—23％。冻结融化后移接2代测定,钝齿棒杆菌(Corynebactertum crenatum) AS 1.998 产 L-异亮氨酸,大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli) AS 1.76产青霉素酰化酶酶活力,铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa) AS 1．647产2-酮基-L-古龙酸,植物乳杆菌产乳酸均与冻结前相近。     

百里香提取物抑菌特性的研究

以百里香水和酒精提取物及百里香芳香油作为抑菌剂进行抑菌试验 ,结果表明 ,所用抑菌物对供试菌金黄色葡萄球菌 (Staphalococcusaureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillussubtilis)和大肠杆菌 (Escherichiacoli)均有不同程度的抑制作用 ,可望将其用于食品工业作为防腐和抑菌剂。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.