26S rDNA单链构象多态性分析在临床酵母菌菌种鉴定中的应用

摘要： 【目的】探讨酵母菌临床分离株26S rDNA D1/D2区序列种内相似性和种间差异性的快速检测方法,为临床酵母菌菌种鉴定方法的改进奠定基础。调查北京地区临床酵母菌的种群多样性,为国内酵母菌感染的流行病学研究提供新的基础数据。【方法】用5种常见临床酵母菌种的模式和权威菌株作为标准参考菌株,从北京四家综合性医院收集临床酵母菌260余株,PCR扩增其26S rDNA D1/D2区,对扩增产物进行单链构象多态性（Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism,SSCP）分析和序列测定分析。【结果】常见病原酵母菌26S rDNA D1/D2区的SSCP图谱具有明显的种间差异性和种内相似性,可以通过该方法对菌株进行初步的菌种鉴定。D1/D2-SSCP和序列分析相结合,对260余株临床酵母菌进行了菌种鉴定,共鉴定有10个属20个种,优势属为念珠菌属(Candida),优势种及其所占比例分别是：C. albicans (57.7%), C. parapsilosis (10.0%), C. tropicalis (9.2%), C. glabrata (6.7%)和C. krusei (5.8%),并发现过去从未或很少报道致病的酵母菌种,愈来愈多地出现在临床分离菌株中。【结论】 26S rDNA D1/D2区的SSCP图谱分析为临床酵母菌株的快速鉴定提供了新的方法;北京地区酵母菌临床分离株呈种群多样性分布,C. albicans虽然仍占优势,但其它念珠菌种的比例已达42%。     

150例酵母样真菌的菌种分布及其耐药性分析

目的分析引起医院酵母样真菌感染的菌种分布及其耐药性,以指导临床合理用药。方法对2007年10月-2008年10月的住院患者送至真菌室所分离的150株酵母样真菌,采用血清学鉴定及API 20C AUX酵母样真菌鉴定试剂条进行鉴定,采用ATB FUNGUS3进行药敏试验。结果分离到150株酵母样真菌,其中自假丝酵母菌94株（62．67％）,光滑假丝酵母菌14株（9．33％）,热带假丝酵母菌12株（8．00％）,无名假丝酵母菌10株（6．67％）,季也蒙假丝酵母菌6株（4．00％）,近平滑假丝酵母菌6株（4．00％）,其他酵母菌8株（5．33％）。以呼吸内科（54．67％）、老年科（9．33％）、皮肤性病科（9．33％）、血液科（8．67％）分离率最高。150株酵母菌对5氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）、两性霉素B（AmB）、氟康唑（FCA）、伊曲康唑（ITR）、伏立康唑（VRC）的敏感菌株分别为144、150、131、104、147株,敏感率分别为96．00％、100％、87．33％、69．33％、98．00％。结论真菌感染的因素有很多,临床分布科室广泛,临床上应重视真菌检测及真菌药敏试验,根据检测结果合理应用抗真菌药物。     

MALDI-TOF质谱技术分析与鉴定病原细菌研究

本文通过基于基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术分析病原细菌的方法进行研究, 阐明影响分析结果的重要因素, 并建立了MALDI-TOF-MS 分析病原细菌的标准方法。对不同属、种和亚种的12株植物病原细菌进行全细胞分析结果表明：MALDI-TOF-MS能快速而准确的区分和鉴定病原细菌, 分析过程简单、灵敏度高。此法在细菌属、种、亚种和菌株水平上, 可快速、准确地区分和鉴定。     

Vitek-AMS鉴定临床细菌的应用研究

目的探讨Vitek-AMS对临床细菌鉴定的应用价值。方法对玉溪市人民医院1999年至2008年临床分离11 537株细菌(临床株)和省、部级临床检验中心下发微生物学室间质量评价鉴定菌种(参考株)的Vitek-AMS鉴定结果作对比分析。结果 11 537株临床分离菌中,不能鉴定细菌8株(0.07%);除外传染病因子,鉴定到属细菌114株(1.62%),鉴定到种(含亚种、物生型)细菌6 908株(98.38%)。共有64属193种。细菌类型的分布革兰阴性杆菌革兰阳性球菌酵母菌革兰阳性杆菌厌氧菌革兰阴性球菌。用参考菌种作比较,Vitek鉴定种的符合率为83.08%(54/65),属的符合率为98.46%(64/65);其中革兰阴性杆菌符合率最高(100%,24/24),酵母菌类符合率最低(66.67%,14/21)。7种鉴定卡菌种的阳性检出率平均为56.80%(234/412),其中GPI卡最高(100%),NHI卡最低(13.33%);但应用机会最多是GNI+卡。Vitek-AMS检测葡萄球菌产β-内酰胺酶阳性率为88.89%,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs阳性率分别为59.74%和32.20%。结论 Vitek-AMS的应用为临床细菌学检验提供了一种高效、快速、可靠的实验方法;但对于个别菌种、细菌酶的检测必要时应以参考方法确认。     

MALDI-TOF-MS技术在酵母样真菌鉴定中的临床应用评价

目的评价基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of FlightMass Spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)技术对酵母样真菌鉴定的临床应用价值。方法将2015年6月~2016年6月临床检出的142株酵母样真菌标本同时采用MALDI-TOF-MS技术和传统真菌培养方法进行鉴定,记录结果并对结果进行对比分析。结果两种方法对于常见的白念珠菌、热带念珠菌、克柔念珠菌和新生隐球菌的鉴定率很高(100%),符合率较高(100%);对于少见的葡萄牙念珠菌、解脂念珠菌、产朊念珠菌,两种方法的符合率较低,分别为25.00%、00.00%、00.00%。结论 MALDI-TOF-MS技术对酵母样真菌的鉴定率较高,操作简便快速,是传统真菌培养鉴定的有力补充,可将其推广应用于酵母样真菌的早期快速鉴定。     

三种前处理在基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱鉴定假丝酵母菌属中的应用比较

目的比较3种前处理方法在基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI TOF-MS)鉴定假丝酵母菌属中的结果可靠性。方法以ITS测序鉴定结果为金标准,对临床分离的66株假丝酵母分别采用传统直涂法、改良直涂法和甲酸-乙腈蛋白提取法进行前处理,MALDI TOF-MS鉴定,比较3种方法的Biotyper Log值,分析质谱图的差异。结果传统直涂法、改良直涂法和甲酸-乙腈提取法对66株假丝酵母的属水平鉴定率分别为48.5%、50.0%和97.0%,Biotyper Log均值分别为1.628、1.674和2.010,其中甲酸-乙腈提取法对66株假丝酵母的种水平鉴定率为53.0%。甲酸-乙腈提取法得到的质谱图比另2种方法的质谱图离子峰更加密集,图像更复杂,鉴定结果可信度更高。结论甲酸-乙腈蛋白提取法对假丝酵母菌属的鉴定成功率和可靠性明显高于传统直涂法和改良直涂法,对临床假丝酵母菌病的准确诊断具有重要价值。     

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对阪崎肠杆菌的鉴定

目的 利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)法对阪崎肠杆菌进行鉴定,建立一种高效检测阪崎肠杆菌的方法,并为该技术的推广使用及阪崎肠杆菌的进一步研究提供科学依据.方法 用MALDI-TOF-MS法检测38株野生阪崎肠杆菌、2株标准菌株和1株阴沟肠杆菌,结果与常规生化鉴定结果对比;同时对在不同培养基上培养的阪崎肠杆菌进行质谱分析比较,对比不同培养基对质谱结果是否有影响;对38株野生菌株质谱图进行聚类分析.结果 38株菌株鉴定结果均为阪崎肠杆菌,与生化鉴定结果一致,且质谱鉴定分值大多在2.0以上.通过MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定方法可以很明显地将阴沟肠杆菌与阪崎肠杆菌两种菌分开.4种培养基对MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定结果的影响不是很明显,TSA比较适合作为阪崎肠杆菌MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定的培养基.通过质谱图谱和离子峰值比较得出,所有菌株在5745 m/z附近均出现高的离子峰,在2871、4740、8288、6260和9488 m/z附近出现离子峰的实验菌株达95％以上;在差异水平在0.5时,MALDI-TOF-MS的聚类分析结果可将所有实验菌株分成5个类型,结合菌株对应的来源和种类分析表明本研究所用菌株与来源和种类之间并无明显关系.结论 MALDI-TOF-MS方法具有准确且精确鉴定阪崎肠杆菌的能力;离子峰5745m/z具有作为阪崎肠杆菌的标记性离子峰的可能;差异水平为0.5进行MALDI-TOF-MS聚类分析,未发现5个类型与来源等具有一定关系,需要进一步研究.     

MALDI-TOF MS技术在临床病原真菌鉴定中的应用进展

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术（MALDI-TOF-MS）目前是一种快速而可靠的微生物鉴定方法.随着可鉴定真菌谱的完善,MALDI-TOF MS技术已逐步应用于临床常见致病酵母菌、酵母样真菌和丝状菌的鉴定中,本文将就此做一综述.     

铜绿假单胞菌的MALDI-TOF-MS检测方法的建立

目的 建立利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪( MALDI-TOF-MS)对铜绿假单胞菌的快速检测方法.方法 通过MALDI-TOF-MS法对铜绿假单胞菌进行检测分析,并与生化鉴定方法相比较.结果 MALDI-TOF-MS对铜绿假单胞菌的检测后得到肽指纹图片及相关质谱数据,建立MALDI-TOF-MS对铜绿假单胞菌的快速检测方法.结论 MALDI-TOF-MS方法检测铜绿假单胞菌准确快速、操作简单等特点,可发展成为食品检验铜绿假单胞菌的重要(辅助)工具.     

致念珠菌性包皮龟头炎白假丝酵母菌对9种抗真菌药物最低抑菌浓度测定

目的检测引起念珠菌性包皮龟头炎的白假丝酵母菌对9种抗真菌药物MIC,为临床治疗念珠菌性包皮龟头炎提供参考依据。方法常规培养分真菌,并鉴定到种,采用最低抑菌浓度法对白假丝酵母菌进行体外药物敏感试验。结果培养分离的12株菌中,白假丝酵母菌占75.00%,白假丝酵母菌生物变种占16.67%,近平滑假丝酵母菌占8.33%;11株白假丝酵母菌耐药率由高到低依次是氟康唑,伊曲康唑,咪康唑,酮康唑,克霉唑,益康唑,5-氟胞嘧啶啶,两性霉素B,制霉菌素,其中6种药物耐药率大于50%。结论白假丝酵母菌仍是造成念珠菌性包皮龟头炎最常见的致病菌,耐多药现象较为普遍,应根据临床实验室的体外药敏试验结果,指导临床合理用药。     

Evaluation of the Biolog system for the identification of food and beverage yeasts

The inconvenience of conventional yeast identification methods has resulted in the development of rapid, commercial systems, mainly for clinical yeast species. The Biolog system (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA) is a new semi-automated, computer-linked technology for rapid identification of clinical and non-clinical yeasts. The system is based around a microtitre tray and includes assimilation and oxidation tests. This paper evaluates the Biolog system for the identification of 21 species (72 strains) of yeasts of food and wine origin. Species correctly identified included Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Debaryomyces hansenii , Yarrowia lipolytica , Kluyveromyces marxianus , Kloeckera apiculata , Dekkera bruxellensis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii were identified correctly 50% of the time and Pichia membranaefaciens 20% of the time.     

FT-IR microspectroscopy: a promising method for the rapid identification of Listeria species

This work presents a pilot study to investigate the potential of fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy for rapid identification of Listeria at the species level. Using this technique, FT-IR spectra were acquired from 30 strains from five Listeria species. The FT-IR spectra were analysed using stepwise canonical discriminant analysis and partial least-squares regression in a stepwise identification scheme. The results showed that 93% of all the samples were assigned to the correct species, and that 80% of the Listeria monocytogenes strains were correctly identified. In comparison, 100% of the samples, including the L. monocytogenes samples, were correctly identified using spectra acquired by FT-IR macrospectroscopy. The results show that FT-IR microspectroscopy has potential as a rapid screening method for Listeria, which is especially valuable for the food industry.     

Robustness of two MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry systems for bacterial identification

MALDI-TOF-MS systems (Microflex-Bruker Daltonics/BioTyper? and Axima-Assurance-Shimadzu/SARAMIS-AnagnosTec) were assessed for bacterial identification. Focusing on bacteria difficult to identify routinely, 296 strains were identified by molecular biology techniques as gold standard. MALDI-TOF-MS identification provided correct results at genus and species level for 94.9%, 83.4% and 83.8%, 65.9% with Biotyper and Saramis respectively.     

A Side by Side Comparison of Bruker Biotyper and VITEK MS: Utility of MALDI-TOF MS Technology for Microorganism Identification in a Public Health Reference Laboratory

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a rapid, highly accurate, and cost-effective method for routine identification of a wide range of microorganisms. We carried out a side by side comparative evaluation of the performance of Bruker Biotyper versus VITEK MS for identification of a large and diverse collection of microorganisms. Most difficult and/or unusual microorganisms, as well as commonly encountered microorganisms were selected, including Gram-positive and negative bacteria, mycobacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts and filamentous fungi. Six hundred forty two strains representing 159 genera and 441 species from clinical specimens previously identified at the Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec (LSPQ) by reference methods were retrospectively chosen for the study. They included 254 Gram-positive bacteria, 167 Gram-negative bacteria, 109 mycobacteria and aerobic actinomycetes and 112 yeasts and moulds. MALDI-TOF MS analyses were performed on both systems according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Of the 642 strains tested, the name of the genus and / or species of 572 strains were referenced in the Bruker database while 406 were present in the VITEK MS IVD database. The Biotyper correctly identified 494 (86.4%) of the strains, while the VITEK MS correctly identified 362 (92.3%) of the strains (excluding 14 mycobacteria that were not tested). Of the 70 strains not present in the Bruker database at the species level, the Biotyper correctly identified 10 (14.3%) to the genus level and 2 (2.9%) to the complex/group level. For 52 (74.2%) strains, we obtained no identification, and an incorrect identification was given for 6 (8.6%) strains. Of the 178 strains not present in the VITEK MS IVD database at the species level (excluding 71 untested mycobacteria and actinomycetes), the VITEK MS correctly identified 12 (6.8%) of the strains each to the genus and to the complex/group level. For 97 (54.5%) strains, no identification was given and for 69 (38.7%) strains, an incorrect identification was obtained. Our study demonstrates that both systems gave a high level (above 85%) of correct identification for a wide range of microorganisms. However, VITEK MS gave more misidentification when the microorganism analysed was not present in the database, compared to Bruker Biotyper. This should be taken into account when this technology is used alone for microorganism identification in a public health laboratory, where isolates received are often difficult to identify and/or unusual microorganisms.     

MALDI-TOF-MS方法快速鉴定食品中空肠弯曲菌的技术研究

运用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)技术快速鉴定食品中空肠弯曲菌.通过对该方法的样品前处理的选择、稳定性、特异性等方面进行研究,确定了方法...     

Evaluation of the RAPID ID 32A system for the identification of Bacteroides fragilis and related organisms

This study evaluated the ability of a rapid identification system for anaerobic bacteria, ATB 32A, now renamed RAPID ID 32A (API-bioMérieux UK Ltd., Basingstoke), to identify accurately 74 strains of the 'B. fragilis group'. ATB 32A identified correctly 78.4% of strains to species level, without supplemental tests. The percentage of strains identified to species level rose to 94.6% when a supplementary test (advised by bioMérieux) for catalase production was used to differentiate between Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides uniformis. RAPID ID 32A is a rapid, accurate method for the identification of members of the 'B. fragilis group' isolated within a routine clinical laboratory.     

Evaluation of the RAPID ID 32A system for the identification of Bacteroides fragilis and related organisms

S.A. JENKINS, D.B. DRUCKER, M.G.L. KEANEY AND L.A. GANGULI. 1991. This study evaluated the ability of a rapid identification system for anaerobic bacteria. ATB 32A, now renamed RAPID ID 32A (API-bioMérieux UK Ltd., Basingstoke), to identify accurately 74 strains of the 'B. fragilis group'. ATB 32A identified correctly 78.4% of strains to species level, without supplemental tests. The percentage of strains identified to species level rose to 94.6% when a supplementary test (advised by bioMérieux) for catalase production was used to differentiate between Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides uniformis. RAPID ID 32A is a rapid, accurate method for the identification of members of the 'B. fragilis group' isolated within a routine clinical laboratory.