NAC1上游调控区表达特征及其与侧根激素诱导的关系

从拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana）中克隆到与侧根原基发生相关的转录因子基因NAC1上游调控区序列,构建由该序列驱动β-葡聚糖苷酶基因(GUS)的植物表达载体并转化烟草(Nicotiana Tabaccum),经筛选获得了在根组织高GUS活性而地上部痕量表达的转基因烟草植株。对转基因植株进行GUS活性和染色分析,结果表明NAC1上游调控区驱动的GUS基因表达具有根部组织特异性,在侧根顶端分生组织区、侧根原基基部和幼嫩侧根基部表达。用IBA,GA₃,GA₄₊₇处理转基因植株根部,NAC1上游调控区驱动的GUS表达均增强,表明生长素、赤霉素可显著诱导NAC1上游调控区的表达,并参与侧根发生的调控。     

抗草甘膦抗虫植物表达载体的构建及其转基因烟草的分析

构建了含草甘膦抗性突变基因（aroAM12）和人工合成重组Bt抗虫基因（Bts1m）的植物表达载体pCM12_s1m。aroAM12基因的表达由CaMV35S启动子控制,Bts1m基因的表达由2E_CaMV35S启动子和Ω因子控制。通过农杆菌介导,将aroAM12和Bts1m基因转化到烟草中,转基因烟草通过在含草甘膦的MS培养基上筛选而获得。Southern blot分析表明所有经过草甘膦筛选出的转化植株都整合有aroAM12基因,约70%的转化植株同时整合有aroAM12和Bts1m基因。Northern blot、Immunodot blot分析进一步证明整合的两个基因在转录、翻译水平上均进行了表达,不同植株之间表达存在着差异。草甘膦抗性和虫试实验证明,获得的转基因烟草对草甘膦和烟青虫具有很强的抗性。     

水稻EPSP合酶第一内含子增强外源基因的表达

分离并克隆了水稻5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶基因的第一内含子(EPI). 序列分析表明, EPI长704 bp, GC含量为36.2%. 为进一步研究EPI序列在转基因植物中对外源基因表达水平的影响, 将EPI序列插入CaMV35S启动子和报导基因β-葡糖醛酸酶(β-glucuronidase, GUS)基因(gus)之间. 采用基因枪法转化烟草叶片, gus基因瞬时表达表明, EPI序列的存在可以使GUS的表达水平提高. 利用农杆菌法转化烟草, 获得了gus基因稳定表达的植株. GUS活性检测表明EPI内含子的存在可以显著提高GUS基因的表达(P<0.01). Northern blot 分析表明, 在转录水平上gus基因在含EPI内含子的转基因植株中的表达高于不含EPI gus基因的表达, 并且成熟的gus mRNA中EPI被正确剪取掉了, 表明是一种非转译的内含子. GUS定量检测表明, EPI存在可以使GUS的平均表达水平提高3倍, 最高单株可提高6倍.     

玉米丛生芽体系的建立及抗除草剂转基因植株再生

以玉米优良自交系为材料, 利用芽尖分生组织诱导胚状体和丛生芽, 建立起一种快速有效且取材不受季节限制的玉米丛生芽诱导体系. 以丛生芽组织块为受体, 用基因枪将从拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)突变体中克隆的抗除草剂基因als (acetolac-tate synthase)导入玉米细胞, 经除草剂chlorsulfuron筛选得到抗性组织块并再生植株. PCR检测和Southern杂交表明, 部分再生植株转入了als 基因. 除草剂喷施试验表明, 转基因植株及其子一代具有良好的抗除草剂特性. 建立了一种新的受基因型限制小的玉米离体培养及转基因受体系统, 能快速有效地获得大批转基因植株.     

菜豆重金属响应基因PvSR2在烟草中的表达及镉抗性分析

重金属特异诱导基因PvSR2(Phaseolus vulgaris stress-related)是从法国菜豆中克隆出来的, 为了研究该蛋白能否提高植物的抗重金属能力, 将PvSR2基因插入到植物转化中间载体pCAMBIA2301中CaMV 35S启动子的下游, 用根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘法将其导入烟草中, 在含有100 mg/L Kan的MS培养基上筛选, 获得了转基因植株. PCR和Southern杂交结果表明PvSR2已整合在烟草基因组中, GUS和Northern分析表明PvSR2在转基因烟草中获得表达. 重金属抗性实验表明: 与野生型烟草相比, PvSR2转基因烟草具有较高的抗重金属镉(Cd)的能力. 组织Cd含量分析显示: 在低浓度Cd (0.5~0.75 mmol/L)处理时, Cd在PvSR2转基因烟草与野生型烟草根中的累积量没有明显的差别, 而在高浓度Cd(0.1 mmol/L)胁迫下, 转基因烟草根中Cd的累积量低于野生型烟草, 说明PvSR2的表达能够提高植物的抗重金属能力, 同时表明PvSR2可能与重金属在植物中的运输和积累有一定关系.     

羽衣甘蓝胁迫应答基因BoRS1转化烟草的初步研究

将克隆于羽衣甘蓝的胁迫应答基因BoRS<、I>1连入中间载体p35S 2 30 0 ::gus ::noster相应位点,成功地构建了含BoRS1基因的植物双元表达载体p35S 2 30 0 ::BoRS1::noster,并通过农杆菌介导法对烟草进行了遗传转化。PCR检测结果表明目的基因BoRS1已成功地导入并整合到烟草基因组中。RT PCR分析显示,在不同的转基因烟草植株中BoRS1表达量存在差异。转BoRS1烟草的耐干性和甘露醇胁迫研究表明,BoRS1基因的表达对提高植物抗干旱胁迫能力有一定的作用。     

用绿色荧光蛋白监测转基因植物中选择标记基因的消除

绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)可直接进行活体观察,它的这个优点可被用于监测转基因植物中选择标记基因的消除。为此,构建了植物表达载体pGNG,将绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)和卡那霉素抗性基因表达盒(NosP-nptll-NosT)一起克隆在两个同向的lox位点间,在第一个lox位点上游置有CaMV 35S启动子以驱动GFP表达,第二个lox位点下游置有不含启动子的大肠杆菌β-葡萄糖醛酸酶(GUS)基因。首先在含卡那霉素(Kan)的培养基上筛选出转pGNG的烟草,借助绿色荧光可容易地检出表达GFP的转化体。然后用另一转化载体pCambia1300Cre二次转化表达GFP的转基因植物,利用另一选择标记基因潮霉素抗性基因(hpt)进行筛选,在获得的再生植株中,Cre重组酶的表达消除了转化体中两lox位点间的gfp和nptll。实验结果表明可借助GFP荧光的消失,快速选出nptII被消除的二次转化体,同时GUS(作为目的蛋白) 在CaMV 35S启动子驱动下获得表达。最后利用后代的分离将hpt和cre除去。     

菜凝集素基因的克隆及在转基因烟草中抗蚜性研究

通过PCR从苋属植物千穗谷(Amaranthus hypochondriacus)的总DNA中扩增出苋菜凝集素(AHA)的核基因片段。序列分析结果表明该基因为2453bp,含有一1538bp的内含子和两个分别为212bp和703bp的外显子。采取反向PCR的方法获得仅含该基因的编码区克隆。以此为基础与二元表达载体pBin438构建含内含子与不含内含子AHA基因的植物表达载体pBAHAg和pBAHAc并通过土壤农杆菌介导转化了烟草。转化再生植株的PCR和Southern blot分析表明,AHA基因已整合到烟草的染色体中,有单拷贝和多拷贝的整合。用与AHA蛋白高度同源的ACA蛋白的抗血清进行了免疫斑点(Immunodot blot)检测,结果初步表明转基因烟草有AHA蛋白的表达。虫试结果表明转pBAHAg和pBAHAc烟草对蚜虫的平均抑制率分别达57.2%和48.8%,有的高达90%以上。含内含子和不含内含子的AHA基因在转基因植株中的抗蚜性不同。     

受NaCl诱导的盐藻果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶cDNA的克隆及其在烟草中的表达

采用快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)技术, 获得了盐藻(Dunaliella salina)受诱导表达的果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶全长cDNA (DsALDP). 蛋白质序列分析发现, DsALDP与许多植物叶绿体的果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(AldP)具有较高的同源性(66%~73%). 系统进化分析进一步证明DsALDP与藻类的AldP亲缘关系最近. 就表达谱而言, DsALDP是NaCl诱导下新表达的转录本, 其表达水平随诱导时间的不同而呈显著变化. 筛选的DsALDP cDNA构建到双元载体pBI121并导入农杆菌用以转化烟草, 对4个T₁代转基因植株进行Southern检测, 证明DsALDP已整合入转基因植株的基因组. RT-PCR分析显示DsALDP在这些植株中均得到有效表达. 生物测试表明, T₁-1, T₁-2和T₁-3植株在100~200 mmol/L NaCl下仍保持醛缩酶活性, 且其脯氨酸含量均有不同程度的升高.     

利用FLP/frt重组系统产生无选择标记的转基因烟草植株

在植物转基因植株产生过程中,对转化细胞进行抗性筛选是通用程序,转化细胞的抗性一般是抗生素抗性或除草剂抗性,将赋予转化细胞抗性的选择标记基因删除是提高转基因植物生物安全性的重要措施。来自于啤酒酵母的FLP/frt位点特异性重组系统可有效删除同向定点重组位点frt之间的基因。通过多步骤重组,建立了可在植物中广泛应用的FLP/frt位点特异性重组系统。该系统包括含有frt位点的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1300-betA-frt-als-frt和含有由热诱导启动子hsp启动的FLP重组酶基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1300-hsp-FLP-hpt。利用二次转化的方式将二者先后转入烟草植株,热激处理后,热诱导型启动子hsp调控的重组酶FLP基因的表达催化位于选择标记基因als两侧同向frt位点间的重组反应,有效地删除了选择标记基因als。41%的经热激处理的二次转化植株发生了选择标记基因的删除,表明该系统在获得无选择标记基因的转基因植株中有很好的应用价值。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various