病毒诱导的PVX cp转基因沉默及其DNA甲基化

利用PCR方法获得了马铃薯X病毒(PVX)外壳蛋白(CP)基因(cp),并将其构建到植物表达载体中,利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)。Northern杂交及Run on实验表明有3株转基因烟草发生了转录后基因沉默。发生沉默的cp基因的甲基化分析结果表明,发生转录后基因沉默的cp基因发生了不同程度的甲基化,说明DNA甲基化并没有完全抑制cp基因的转录。利用PVX病毒对外壳蛋白正常表达的转基因烟草进行接毒,Northern杂交检测结果表明,病毒诱导cp发生了基因沉默。进一步的Run on结果表明,转基因烟草中cp基因在沉默前后转录速率并没有发生变化,说明病毒诱导的沉默是一种转录后沉默。对cp基因沉默前后的甲基化分析表明,病毒的侵染导致了cp基因甲基化程度的增加。     

水稻EPSP合酶cDNA克隆、序列分析及其拷贝数测定

根据本室分离的水稻EPSP合酶基因的基因组序列设计一对引物,利用RT-PCR方法首次从水稻(Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica)叶片的RNA中扩增获得了水稻编码EPSP合酶的全长为1 585 bp的cDNA片段,它含有一个完整的开放读码框,编码511个氨基酸,包括444个氨基酸组成的成熟肽序列以及N端的67个氨基酸组成的叶绿体转运肽序列.成熟肽氨基酸序列对比表明,除真菌来源的EPSP合酶变异较大外,其他来源的EPSP合酶同源性较高,均在51%以上.而叶绿体转运肽氨基酸序列同源性较低.Southern杂交表明水稻EPSP合酶基因在水稻基因组中以单拷贝形式存在.RT-PCR分析表明,水稻EPSP合酶基因在根、未成熟种子和叶片中均有转录表达,在叶片中表达量最高.     

The first intron of rice EPSP synthase enhances expression of foreign gene

The first intron (EPI) of rice 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase gene was isolated by PCR from one clone with genomic EPSP synthase gene. Sequence analysis showed that the first intron is 704 bp in length with 36.2% G+C content. To investigate its effect on expression of foreign gene, we inserted the first intron between CaMV35S promoter and β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. The transient expression results showed that GUS could be expressed effectively with EPI. The GUS activity in transgenic tobacco shows that the EPI can greatly enhance the expression level of β-glucuronidase (P < 0.01) compared with transgenic tobacco without the first intron, and 3-to 6-fold increase in GUS activity in some transgenic tobaccos. Northern blot indicated the first intron was spliced from GUS pre-mRNA, and the steady-state mRNA levels of GUS with EPI in transgenic tobaccos were higher than that in transgenic tobacco without EPI, which suggested that the first intron of EPSP was a non-translated intron.     

转录后基因沉默--植物抵御外来病毒入侵的一种机制

基因沉默是近几年来在转基因植物中发现的一种后生遗传现象。基因沉默大体可以分为两类：位置效应引起的基因沉默和同源依赖的基因沉默。其中,同源依赖的基因沉默又可以分为转录水平的基因沉默和转录后水平的基因沉默。基因沉默的发现使得人们对植物和病毒的相互关系有了一个新的认识。基因沉默研究中所发现的转录后基因沉默现象是植物抵御病毒入侵、保持自身基因组完整性的一种防御机制,是植物与病毒共进化的结果。对于沉默产生的机理,尤其是转录后基因沉默,已经提出不少模型,但是都未能较全面地解释基因沉默中出现的各种实验现象。该文现就实验所取得的相关结果、转录后基因沉默机制和植物对病毒防御机制的相互关系,以及其研究进展进行综述。     

烟草tga1a基因的表达对外源基因在植物中表达的影响

烟草DNA结合蛋白TGA1a可特异地作用于CaMV35S增强子的激活序列as-1(-83~-63), 并表现为转录激活功能. 为了研究tga1a基因的表达对外源基因在植物中表达的影响, 将它置于维管束特异性启动子rolC下游, 并与CaMV35S启动子控制的报道基因串联成一种反式调控系统, 构建了植物表达载体, 同时, 以CaMV35S和rolC分别控制的报道基因构建植物表达载体为阳性对照. 通过农杆菌介导方法转化烟草和分子鉴定, 证明报道基因存在于转化烟草基因组中, 分别测定了不同转基因单株的GUS活性, 结果表明: rolC控制下的tga1a的表达显著增强了CaMV35S控制下的报道基因表达, 其GUS活性明显高于CaMV35S或rolC单独调控报道基因的转化植株, 单株的最高GUS活性达到两个阳性对照的10倍以上. 组织化学定位证实该串联系统使GUS蛋白主要集中在维管束组织. 这一研究结果为提高外源基因在转基因植株中的表达水平和外源基因的组织特异性表达创立了一个新模式.     

Cloning of genomic DNA of rice 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase gene and chromosomal localization of the gene

The shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPs) is the target of nonselective herbicide glyphosate. A partial rice epsps cDNA was generated by RT-PCR with primers designed according to EST sequence in GenBank and used as probe for rice genomic library screening. In a screen of approximately 8.0 ×10⁴ clones from the rice genomic library, sixteen positive clones were obtained, which strongly hybridized to the probe. One clone, E11, was selected for further analysis and the full-length 3661 bp rice epsps genomic sequence was obtained. Sequence analysis and homologous comparison revealed that epsps gene is composed of 8 exons and 7 introns. Analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism with the probe of rice epsps cDNA fragment confirmed that rice epsps is located on chromosome 6 with an indicajaponica (ZYQ8-JX17) double-haploid (DH) population. This is the first report on the EPSP synthase from monocotyledons.     

The first intron of rice EPSP synthase enhances expression of foreign gene

Translatable exon sequences in pre-mRNA often are separated by non-coding introns in eu-karyotic genomes. The removal of non-coding introns from pre-mRNA and the splicing together of translatable exons sequence is an essential requirement of gene expression. DNA size of introns in a gene is 5—10 times larger than that of exon, which can store more information and is helpful for a gene during evolution[1]. In many experiments on gene expression, it is indispensable for a gene to be expresse…     

利用PCR对PVX外壳蛋白基因进行同义密码子修饰

利用聚合酶链式反应 (PolymeraseChainReaction ,PCR)与限制性内切酶相结合的方法 ,设计 4条含有限制性酶切位点和相应突变的引物。以马铃薯X病毒 (PotatoVirusX ,PVX)外壳蛋白cp基因为模板 ,扩增出相应的片段 ,相应酶切后通过三片段连接构建到克隆载体pBlueKS( / - )上。随机挑选重组子测序表明 ,利用三片段拼接成功地在PVX外壳蛋白基因的不同部位产生了突变。实验结果说明利用三片段接可以大大提高筛选得到突变子的效率 ,从而节省人力、物力和时间。     

Cloning of genomic DNA of rice 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase gene and chromosomal localization of the gene

The shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPs) is the target of nonselective herbicide glyphosate. A partial rice epsps cDNA was generated by RT-PCR with primers designed according to EST sequence in GenBank and used as probe for rice genomic library screening. In a screen of approximately 8.0×104 clones from the rice genomic library, sixteen positive clones were obtained, which strongly hybridized to the probe. One clone, E11, was selected for further analysis and the full-length 3661 bp rice epsps genomic sequence was obtained. Sequence analysis and homologous comparison revealed that epsps gene is composed of 8 exons and 7 introns. Analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism with the probe of rice epsps cDNA fragment confirmed that rice epsps is located on chromosome 6 with an indica-japonica (ZYQ8-JX17) double-haploid (DH) population. This is the first report on the EPSP synthase from monocotyledons.