中国扁蓿豆遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR标记,对来源于中国7个省(市)的44个扁蓿豆居群的亲缘关系进行了分析。从80条ISSR引物中筛选出多态性强、重复性好的16条引物,对44个扁蓿豆居群基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出133条谱带,平均每个引物扩增出8.31条带,其中多态性带115条,多态性位点百分率为87.08%。扁蓿豆种质间遗传相似系数变化范围在0.436～0.908之间。利用UPGMA聚类分析,44个扁蓿豆居群被划分为8个类群,与地理来源有较高的相关性。     

陕西唐棣遗传多样性和遗传分化的AFLP分析

采用扩增片段长度多态性分子标记技术对陕西省分布的6个野生唐棣居群的96个个体进行了遗传多样性分析, 以明确野生唐棣资源的亲缘关系,为唐棣资源的保护、良种选育和开发利用提供理论依据。结果显示：(1)从64对引物组合中筛选出8对扩增条带清晰、多态性高的引物组合,共扩增出277条清晰条带,其中多态性条带116条,多态性位点百分率为42.86%。(2)UPGMA聚类、主坐标分析(PCoA)和遗传结构分析结果相似,将6个陕西野生唐棣居群分成2大支,秦岭南北居群间遗传分化明显,且群体间存在一定基因流。(3)分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示遗传变异主要存在于居群内(63%),居群间遗传变异为37%。Mantel检验表明陕西唐棣居群地理距离与遗传距离之间无明显相关性(r = 0.192,P = 0.220)。研究表明,AFLP分子标记可以准确、有效地用于唐棣遗传多样性分析;唐棣遗传变异主要来源于居群内,居群间的基因交流有限;陕西野生唐棣遗传多样性水平较低,但部分居群的遗传多样性较高。该研究结果可为野生唐棣资源的保护、良种选育和开发利用提供理论依据。     

基于SSR和ISSR的鄱阳湖流域野生菰资源的遗传多样性分析

用SSR和ISSR标记对鄱阳湖流域30个野生菰居群的遗传多样性与遗传结构进行了分析。筛选出的19对SSR引物共扩增出多态性条带253条,平均多态性条带比率(PPB)为91.67%,Nei's基因多样性指数(He)和平均Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.2712和0.4144,遗传相似性系数(GS)为0.5590~0.8368,遗传距离(GD)的变化范围为0.1632~0.4410;筛选出的14个ISSR标记引物共扩增出83条条带,平均多态性条带比率(PPB)为78.29%,Nei's基因多样性指数(He)和平均Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.2386和0.4174,遗传相似性系数(GS)为0.5132~0.9342,遗传距离(GD)变化范围为0.0658~0.4868。根据SSR和ISSR基因型数据,采用UPGMA法分别在阈值为0.698和0.728时可将30个野生菰居群聚为3类。可能受人为、水流、动物活动、风等多种因素的影响,居群间的亲缘关系与地理分布无明显相关性。本研究表明,鄱阳湖流域野生菰居群间SSR和ISSR基因型的多样性丰富,居群间的这种遗传差异或变异,对该地区乃至更大范围内野生菰的遗传进化、基因资源的开发利用和种质资源的保护有着重要意义。     

内蒙古3种生态型扁蓿豆遗传多样性与亲缘关系的分析

采用SSR分子标记结合21个表型性状对来自内蒙古3种生态型扁蓿豆种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析.结果表明:3种生态型的22份扁蓿豆材料在考察的4个质量性状上差异明显;在17个数量性状上,总体变异程度为黄花型扁蓿豆>扁蓿豆>细叶扁蓿豆;表型性状的遗传相似系数在31.59～113.27间,变异系数为43.30%.SSR分析结果显示,18对引物平均多态性比率为80.09%,引物平均等位位点数为6.06,位点多态性信息含量平均为0.32,遗传相似系数在0.37～0.47间,变异系数为61.80%.表型性状聚类、SSR分子标记聚类及主成分分析结果均显示,黄花型扁蓿豆和扁蓿豆的亲缘关系较近,与细叶扁蓿豆的亲缘关系较远.     

基于RAPD标记的皖南山核桃野生居群遗传多样性分析

应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分子标记方法分析了皖南山区4个山核桃(Carya cathayensis)野生居群的遗传多样性及其分化程度。由POPGENE软件分析表明,15条随机引物共检测出139个扩增条带,其中多态性条带87个,多态性位点百分比(PPB)为62.59%,各居群平均多态性位点百分比(PPB)为43.35%。物种水平Shannon信息多样性指数(I)为0.208,Nei基因多样性指数(H)为0.124,多样性水平较低。由于受到地理隔离的影响,居群间的基因流较低(Nm=0.700),遗传分化程度相对较高(Gst=0.417)。     

扁蓿豆育成品系遗传多样性的RAPD研究

用 RAPD分子标记对4个扁蓿豆育成品系进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明:筛选的12条多态性RAPD引物共检测出126个等位基因位点,平均每条引物检测到10.5个位点,多态位点比率占94.4%.扁蓿豆品系的Nei's遗传多样性指数(H)为0.266 2,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.414 5.Nei's指数估算和分子方差分析(AMOVA)均证实扁蓿豆品系的遗传多样性主要存在于品系内,品系间有一定的基因交流(基因流为2.756 7).聚类结果表明,品系00-61和00-81遗传差异相对较小,品系90-36与前两者之间的遗传差异较大,品系93-21与各品系的遗传差异最大.     

用扩增片段的长度多态性分子标记探讨盾叶薯蓣的遗传多样性

用扩增片段的长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)标记分析研究了中国5个盾叶薯蓣居群30个个体的遗传多样性。筛选出9对AFLP引物,从中检测到14698条清晰可见的条带,其中多态性带12628条,多态性比率85.92%。Shannon信息指数(I)为0.3656±0.1721,物种水平的Nei基因多样性(H)为0.2322±0.2200。遗传变异分析表明,物种水平的遗传分化系数Gst为0.4827,说明其群体间存在一定的遗传分化,居群间的基因流Nm为0.5358,居群间遗传交换较小。聚类分析结果显示5个居群盾叶薯蓣有较为丰富的遗传变异,且与地理分布有相关性。     

广西地不容种质资源的ISSR分析

采用简单序列重复区间扩增(ISSR)分子标记技术对广西地不容3个野生居群和1个引种居群共92个个体进行了遗传多样性研究。10个引物共扩增出61条带,其中60条具多态性,多态性位点百分率为98.36%。4个居群多态性百分率在73.77%～86.89%。Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.3379,Shannon信息多样性指数(Ⅰ)为0.5055。3个野生居群Nei’s遗传分化系数(Gst)表明:83.87%遗传变异分布在居群内,16.13%的遗传变异分布在居群间。引种居群与3个野生居群间的遗传一致度达0.8846。引种居群有效地保护了广西地不容的遗传多样性。     

扁蓿豆遗传多样性的等位酶研究

利用垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(SDS-PAGE)对24份扁蓿豆种质材料进行分析.结果表明:扁蓿豆具有较高的遗传多样性;4种等位酶共确定了6个等位酶位点,多态性百分率76%,平均每位点的等位基因的有效数目为1.492,平均预期杂合值为0.321;居群总遗传多样度为0.321,居群内的遗传多样性为0.273,居群内的遗传变异为81.9%,基因流(Nm)为1.4,居群间有一定的基因流动.UPGMA聚类分析结果表明:24个扁蓿豆天然居群可分为5大类,地理条件相似的居群优先聚为一类.     

扁蓿豆24个居群遗传多样性的SSR研究

利用SSR技术研究分布于蒙古高原和大兴安岭地区24个扁蓿豆居群的遗传多样性,以明确扁蓿豆种群等位基因分布状况及在居群内和居群间的分异规律,揭示居群分布与环境的相关关系。结果显示:(1)利用紫花苜蓿的10个引物进行扩增,5个引物表现出多态性,共检测出15个等位基因变异,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.342 3。(2)24个扁蓿豆居群间基因分化系数(Fst)为0.17,表明扁蓿豆82.8%的变异来自居群内,基因流(Nm)为1.2。(3)聚类分析表明,24个扁蓿豆居群可聚成三大类,其中:大青山北部的扁蓿豆居群(hs)单独聚为一类,内蒙古高原东部、东南部和东北部的居群(kh、hb1、hb2、hb3、lq、lx、bl、zs、lh)聚为一类,蒙古高原东北部向大兴安岭的过渡区和大兴安岭地区的居群(dm、db、xs、eg、xb、eh、al、kj、aq1、dw、hb4、ys、aq2、xl)聚为一类。(4)遗传距离和环境条件关系的Mantel检验表明,地理位置(经度和纬度)的影响大于海拔,且大于单一的经度或者纬度(r=0.402 7,P<0.01);水平距离上,经度对遗传距离的影响大于纬度。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.