个性化实验在微生物学实验教学中的探索与实践

微生物学实验教学不但要让学生掌握基本的实验操作技能,更重要的是让学生学会运用所学到的知识解释和解决实际生活中碰到的相关问题,具备基本的科研素质。在传统的微生物学实验教学中,学生对实验过程参与度较为有限,学生的主观能动性难以充分发挥。我校将基础实验与个性化实验相结合,让学生成为课程的主体,有效提高了学生的文献查阅能力、实验设计能力、数据分析能力和总结归纳能力,提升了教学效果。     

“互联网+”背景下的“微生物学野外实习”课程改革的研究与实践

近年来,互联网和信息技术对教育产生了深刻影响,"互联网+"与教学紧密结合,使得教学工作发生了革命性变化。为了促进微生物学野外实习教学水平的提高,适应新时代对人才培养的要求,促进学生自主学习能力、动手能力及创新能力的发展,提高学生的综合素质。我们依托超星网络课程教学平台,师生共同参与建设微生物学野外实习在线课程来辅助课堂教学,充分发挥教师的主导性和学生的主体性。调查反馈认为互联网+实习的教育模式教学效果良好,能将掌握知识与发展能力有机结合。"互联网+"背景下微课建设的新型课堂教学模式,推动了微生物学野外实习课程的建设与发展,有效促进了本校微生物学野外实习教学水平和学生自主学习能力、动手能力及创新能力的提高。     

PBL+LBL教学模式在留学生医学微生物学教学中的实践

由于留学生的特殊性导致他们对传统教学模式的不适应,医学微生物学的课程特点使留学生学习掌握相关知识较困难,有必要探索好的教学方法,提高教学质量。我国传统的LBL教学模式和国际上流行的PBL教学模式各有优缺点,我们融合PBL和LBL的优点,互补其缺点,对留学生医学微生物学课程采取PBL+LBL教学模式,既发挥PBL教学法打破学科界限,容易调动学生学习积极性,注重培养学生自主学习和团结协作能力的特点,又结合LBL教学法传授知识系统、完整,培养学生基础理论扎实等优势。教学实践证明,PBL+LBL教学法运用于留学生医学微生物学教学,能激发留学生学习兴趣,在增强留学生对医学微生物学基础理论和基本技能掌握的同时,培养留学生知识整合的能力及创新思维的医学综合能力,提高教学质量。     

医学微生物学实验课教学考核与成绩评定的改革

医学微生物学是一门机能与形态并重,理论与实践密切结合的学科。实验课教学是医学微生物学教学的重要组成部分。通过实验课教学,不仅可以印证和加深理解有关的基础理论,同时应使学生掌握有关的基本技术和技能,提高他们的表达能力和运用理论知识的能力。因此,本教研室在历年教学中一直很重视实验课教学,投入了大量的人力和物力,理论课（大课）与实验课（小课）的比例始终保持在 １：０．７左右。但是,作为检查教学效果、了解学生对所学知识掌握程度的重要手段的考试,却一直采用全部笔试的方法,且内容绝大部分为基本理论,而有关实…     

基于移动客户端云班课的微生物学教学改革与实践

为了进一步提升教学效果,让授课教师将知识以更高效的方式传递给学生,本教学研究以移动客户端为载体,构建了微生物学云班课辅助课堂教学,摆脱了授课时间和空间约束,可以使学生更快速便捷地掌握微生物学最新研究进展。该方法不仅提高了教学内容的深度和广度,还极大地促进了学生自主学习能力的培养。     

植物生产类专业《普通微生物学》教学改革的探索与实践

根据植物生产类专业的培养目标,从教学内容、教学方法、考核方式以及实验教学等方面对<普通微生物学>课程进行了改革探索,包括整合精简更新教学内容,强化基础知识:改进课堂教学方法,充分发挥学生在教学中的主观能动性;改革考核方式,全面考察学生掌握知识运用知识的能力;在实验中加强基本技术的训练和科学研究的培养等,有效提高了教学效果.     

通过“现代微生物学技术”课程教学培养研究生创新能力的实践

创新能力提升是当前研究生培养的核心目标,为了探索提高硕士研究生创新能力的课程教学新模式,笔者以微生物学相关专业学术型硕士研究生的选修课程——“现代微生物学技术”课程为例,对课程的教学内容、方法、考核方式等开展了探索与实践。授课教师通过案例教学、研讨式课堂和评价方式的改革,不仅让研究生掌握了现代微生物学技术的相关专业知识和学科前沿,更加提升了学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力,进而提高了研究生的创新能力。     

改革课程设计及教学方法以提升学生综合能力的实践与思考：以“厌氧芽胞梭菌”教学为例

“医学微生物学”教学过程中,通过教材与教辅用书的合理选择和使用、理论课与实验课的优化配置提高学生对基本知识和技能的理解掌握能力。通过教学方法改革,运用类比比较法、归纳总结法、案例分析法提高学生分析思辨、融会贯通及学以致用的能力,并引导学生通过自主学习法逐渐树立生物安全意识。本文以“厌氧芽胞梭菌”的教学为例进行阐述。     

在课程教学中引入社会热点问题的讨论

课程教学是大学教育的核心。为了提高学生的学习主动性,尝试将转基因作物安全性等社会热点问题引入微生物学教学中。通过布置任务、查阅资料、展示要点、开展讨论、概括总结等程序,对热点问题进行详细的剖析。通过讨论,不仅增进了学生对社会热点问题的认识和相关微生物学知识的理解,而且提高了学生的自学能力、组织能力、表达能力、思辨能力和团队协作能力。本文总结了转基因作物安全性教学讨论课的成果。     

在课程教学中引入社会热点问题的讨论——以转基因作物安全性教学讨论为例

课程教学是大学教育的核心。为了提高学生的学习主动性,尝试将转基因作物安全性等社会热点问题引入微生物学教学中。通过布置任务、查阅资料、展示要点、开展讨论、概括总结等程序,对热点问题进行详细的剖析。通过讨论,不仅增进了学生对社会热点问题的认识和相关微生物学知识的理解,而且提高了学生的自学能力、组织能力、表达能力、思辨能力和团队协作能力。本文总结了转基因作物安全性教学讨论课的成果。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.