河北大戟属一新种

本文发表了大戟属一新种, 即紫斑大戟Euphorbia purpureo maculata T.J.Feng et J.X.Huang。     

宽叶大戟化学成分的研究

对宽叶大戟(Euphorbia latifolia)的化学成分进行研究。从其乙醇提取物的石油醚、乙酸乙酯部位分离得到10个化合物,经理化常数和波谱分析,分别鉴定为:山萘酚(kaempferol,1)、槲皮素(quercetin,2)、山萘酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(kaempferol-3-O--βD-glucopyranoside,3)、槲皮素-3-O--βD-葡萄吡喃糖苷(quercetin-3-O--βD-glucopy-ranoside,4)、白桦酯酸(betulinic acid,5)、白桦酯醇(betulin,6)、齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,7)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,8)、β-谷甾醇(-βsitosterol,9)、正二十八烷醇(1-octacosanol,10)。化合物1~10均是首次从该植物中获得。     

药用植物红芽大戟的个体生态学研究

报道了式芽大戟生长地的气候与植被状况,土壤条件以及它的生长动态。还研究了红芽大戟的越冬与繁殖。结果表明：红芽大戟是一种主要生长和分布在热带及南亚热带的药用植物。在广东它的生长动态呈双峰曲线,生长地土壤为砖红壤和红壤,砂茂越冬和根颈繁殖是引种驯化和生产上值得应用的方法。     

月腺大戟根中乙酰基间苯三酚衍生物

从月腺大戟（Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata)根中分离出一种新的二苯甲烷化合物－双去甲基伪绵马素－AA和2,4－二羟基－6－甲氧基－3－甲基苯乙酮,并用光谱和化学方法确定前者的结构为3,3－二乙酰基－4,4－二甲氧基－2。25,6－四羟基二苯甲烷     

湖北大戟根中的环阿尔廷型三萜

从湖北神农架地区产湖北大戟(Euphorbia hylonomaHand.-Mazz.)根中分离得到4个环阿尔廷型三萜化合物,分别鉴定为:24-烯环阿尔廷软脂酸酯(1),环阿尔廷-23-烯-3β,25-二醇-3-乙酸酯(2),环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24ξ-二醇(3),环阿尔廷-23-烯-3β,25,28-三醇(4)。化合物1~4均为首次从该植物中得到。     

Comparative Studies on the Allelopathic Effects of Ulva pertusa Kjellml, Corllina pilulifera Postl et Ruprl, and Sargassum thunbergii mertl O. Kuntze on Skeletonema costatum （Grev.）Cleve

In the present study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of three macroalgae, namely Ulva pertusa Kjellml, Corallina pilufifera Postl et Ruprl, and Sargassum thunbergii Mertl O. Kuntze, on the growth of the microalga Skeletonema costaturn （Grev.） Creve using culture systems in which the algae coexisted. The effects of the macroalgal culture medium filtrate on S. costatum were also investigated. Moreover, isolated co-culture systems were built to confirm the existence of allelochemicals and preclude growth inhibition by direct contact. The coexistence assay data demonstrated that the growth of S. costaturn was strongly inhibited when fresh tissues, dry powder and aqueous extracts were used; the allelochemicals were lethal to S. costatum at relatively higher concentrations. The effects of the macroalgal culture medium filtrate on the microalga showed both species specificity and complexity. The inhibitory effect of fresh macroalgal tissue and culture medium filtrate on the microalga was due to the alleochemicals released by the macroalgae. The results of the present study show that the allelopathic effects of macroalgae on the microalga are complex. The present study could shed light onto the basis of the interaction between macro- and microalgae.     

月腺大戟(Euphorbia ebracteolata)根部提取物抑菌作用的测定

以小麦赤霉病病菌（Fusarium graminerum）、油菜菌核病病菌（Sclerotirda scleotiorum）、棉花黄萎病病菌（Verticillium dahliae）、苹果炭疽病病菌（Glomarella cingulata）、甜瓜蔓枯病病菌（Mycosphaerella melonis）为供试病原菌,采用琼胶平板法对月腺大戟根部丙酮提取物进行了离体抑菌活性测定;月腺大戟根部提取物样品供试质量浓度分别设为0．05g／mL,0．1g／mL,0．2g／mL．0．4g／mL四个梯度。测定结果表明：不同浓度月腺大戟根部丙酮提取物对5种供试病原菌均表现为很强的抑菌作用,该研究为月腺大戟根部进一步开发植物性农药提供理论依据。     

狼毒大戟的小孢子发生与雄配子体发育

采用石蜡制片技术研究了狼毒大戟（Euphorbia fischeriana）的小孢子发生及雄配子体发育过程,结果表明：狼毒大戟的花药为四分孢子囊,花药壁为五层,发育为基本型;变形绒毡层,细胞为双核;小孢子母细胞减数分裂中的胞质分裂为同时型;四分体排列通常为四面体型,少数左右对称型;成熟花粉为三细胞型,椭球形,具三沟孔。研究结果为狼毒大戟的生物学研究及应用开发积累基础资料。     

狼毒大戟三萜类和酸类化合物的分离鉴定

用溶剂提取和硅胶柱色谱方法,从狼毒大戟中分得两个三萜化合物和一个酸类化合物,经物理常数和色谱分析鉴定为羽扇豆酮、羽扇豆醇乙酯和没食子酸。     

Modeling Responses of Leafy Spurge Dispersal to Control Strategies

Leafy spurge （Euphorbia esula L.） has substantial negative effects on grassland biodiversity, productivity, and economic benefit in North America. To predict these negative impacts, we need an appropriate plant-spread model which can simulate the response of an invading population to different control strategies. In this study, using a stochastic map lattice approach we generated a spatially explicitly stochastic process-based model to simulate dispersal trajectories of leafy spurge under various control scenarios. The model integrated dispersal curve, propagule pressure, and population growth of leafy spurge at local and short-temporal scales to capture spread features of leafy spurge at large spatial and long-temporal scales. Our results suggested that narrow-, medium-, and fat-tailed kernels did not differ in their ability to predict spread, in contrast to previous works. For all kernels, Allee effects were significantly present and could explain the lag phase （three decades） before leafy spurge spread accelerated. When simulating from the initial stage of introduction, Allee effects were critical in predicting spread rate of leafy spurge, because the prediction could be seriously affected by the low density period of leafy spurge community. No Allee effects models were not able to simulate spread rate well in this circumstance. When applying control strategies to the current distribution, Allee effects could stop the spread of leafy spurge; no Allee effects models, however, were able to slow but not stop the spread. The presence of Allee effects had significant ramifications on the efficiencies of control strategies. For both Allee and no Allee effects models, the later that control strategies were implemented, the more effort had to be input to achieve similar control results.     

狼毒大戟化学成分和药效作用研究进展

本文综述了狼毒大戟的化学成分、毒性以及化学物质的提取方法,同时探讨了该物质中活性有效成分的作用及其在医药业、农业等方面的应用开发前景。     

药用植物红芽大戟花的形态及种子繁殖特性的研究

本文研究红芽大戟花的形态,发现存在花柱异长现象。具有长花柱型花和短花柱型花两种类型。还研究了红芽大戟种子萌发的过程及幼苗生长情况。用２５ｐｐｍ赤霉酸（ＧＡ３）浸种处理长花柱型花结的种子,用５０ｐｐｍＧＡ３浸种处理短花柱型花结的种子,可以较好地提高种子的萌发率,其种子萌发率分别达７０．２％和６４．１％。幼苗的生长以弱酸性的砂壤土更为适宜     

福建产1种中国大陆新记录归化植物

报道了采自福建省厦门市的1种中国大陆新记录归化植物——匍根大戟(Euphorbia serpens H.B.K.),标本存放于华南农业大学林学院植物标本室(CANT).     

大戟苷抑制大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化

目的:观察泽漆主要活性成分大戟苷(euphornin)对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rMSC)成骨分化的影响。方法:从大鼠股骨中分离培养rMSC,并诱导其成骨分化。用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,通过茜素红染色,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性检测和钙含量测定分别定性、定量地判断其在成骨分化中的效果。实时定量PCR(Q-PCR)检测主要成骨标志因子骨桥蛋白(OPN)和一型胶原蛋白(COL-Ⅰ)及主要转录因子骨形成蛋白2(BMP2)、Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)和Osterix(Osx)mRNA的表达。结果:大戟苷能剂量依赖性地抑制rMSC成骨分化,并一定程度地抑制其细胞增殖。COL-Ⅰ和OPN的表达在第4、8天分别有显著下降。BMP2、Runx2和Osx等关键转录因子的表达也被明显抑制。结论:大戟苷能抑制rMSC成骨分化,其作用主要是通过抑制BMP通路相关因子的表达而实现的。     

月腺大戟抑菌活性的初步研究

以小麦赤霉病菌,辣椒疫霉病菌,葡萄黑曲霉病菌,苹果炭疽病和玉米大斑病菌为实验菌种,采用生长速率法测定月腺大戟根部提取物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用.结果表明,月腺大戟根部提取物对5种农作物常见病菌都有抑制作用,其中对3种病原菌(小麦赤霉病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、玉米大斑病菌)的菌丝抑制作用强烈;乙醇相提取物对病原菌抑制作用比水相提取物的抑制活性强.     

月腺大戟根总黄酮对尖孢镰刀菌抑制作用的研究

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定月腺大戟根总黄酮对尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制率,显微观察总黄酮处理尖孢镰刀菌后菌丝体形态结构的变化,并测定菌丝体相对电导率,菌丝体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明:月腺大戟根总黄酮对尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发均有显著的抑制作用,抑制率随总黄酮浓度增加而增高,20 mg/L时抑制率达100%。总黄酮处理后的尖孢镰刀菌菌丝较细,分支减少,透明度差,液泡数量增多且形成较大的液泡;菌丝体细胞膜透性增加,SOD、CAT活性呈先上升后下降的趋势。以上实验结果可为植物病害生物防治及开发植物源农药方面提供理论依据和实验技术。     

大果大戟的化学成分

从大果大戟的根部首次分离得到11个化合物。利用波谱方法鉴定为β-香树素(1),β-香树素乙酸酯(2),3β-乙酰化羽扇豆烯醇(3),baccatin(4),2个caffeic mters(5a,5b),棕榈酸-1-甘油酯(6),棕榈酸(7),东莨菪内酯(8),β-谷甾醇(9)和胡萝卜甙(10)。其中5a,5b是第一次在大戟属中得到;并对5a,5b的碳谱和氢谱数据进行了全归属。     

大果大戟中的一个对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜

从大果大戟的根部首次分离得到一个对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜,利用波谱方法鉴定为ent-16α,17-dihydrox-ykauran-3-one(1)。首次对化合物1在甲醇中的碳谱和氢谱数据进行了全归属。     

药用植物大戟的快速繁殖研究

以野生大戟为材料,探讨了大戟茎尖扦插繁殖和组织培养等快速繁殖技术的条件。结果表明:大戟茎 尖扦插繁殖,其成活率可以达到88.6%,用含有腋芽的茎在MS培养基上培养,发芽比例可以达到55%;用愈 伤组织诱导生芽,最高可以达到12%。嫩芽在不含激素的1/2MS培养基中培养,生根率达到47.1%。幼苗 接种本源的或同科外源植物5株内生真菌,比较其生长表明,接种大戟来源的两株内生真菌全苗重分别达到 对照的1.51和2.08倍,根重达到对照的2.09和3.68倍,最有利于宿主生长。