加快橦棕种子萌发和幼苗生长的研究

Ｄｏｎｇ棕种子萌发和幼苗生长十分缓慢,为了探索加快了萌发和细菌生长的方法,对Ｄｏｎｇ棕种子进行不同处理、不同时间催芽和催芽后不同处理等试验,结果表明：⑴生长调节剂３号ＡＢＴ生根粉、吲哚丁酸和２,４－Ｄ可提高种子萌发率,促进幼苗生长。⑵播种前催芽可促使种子提前萌发,延长幼苗生长期,使当年生苗更粗壮;贮藏３个月后催芽可提高１０％－１５％的发芽率。⑶催芽后用５０ｍｇ／Ｌ和１００ｍｇ／Ｌ的３号ＡＢＴ生根粉     

非洲菊的组织培养与快速繁殖

１植物名称非洲菊（Ｇｅｒｂｅｒａｊａｍｅｓｏｎｉｉ）,又名扶郎花。２材料类别无菌种子萌发的幼苗。３培养条件（１）种子萌发培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋０．７％琼脂（或脱脂棉）;（２）诱导分化培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１．５ｍｐ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＩＢＡ０．２;（３）芽增殖培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．５;（４）生根培养基：ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ２。上述（２）、（３）、（４）培养基内琼脂均为０．７％,蔗糖３％,ｐＨ５．８～６．０。培养条件为室温和自然光照,种子萌发前为暗培养。４生长与分化情况４．１萌发种子用纱布袋包装,无菌…     

药用植物红芽大戟的组织培养

针对药用植物红芽大戟结实率和种子萌发率较低的情况,探讨了利用组织培养方法解决生产中繁殖的问题。结果表明,在茎、叶和芽３种外植体中,芽的出愈率最高,愈伤组织褐化率低,生长最好,且易被诱导出不定芽,是较理想的快速繁殖材料;而茎和叶的愈伤组织褐化率高,难以诱导出不定芽。较适宜的诱导愈伤组织的激素组合是６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ,诱导不定芽的适宜激素组合是６－ＢＡ５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ,根的诱导则在１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．２＋庶糖１．５％＋琼脂０．８％培养基上进行     

多胺和赤霉素在莴苣种子萌发中的作用及其相互关系

非感光性莴苣（挂丝红品种）种子于２２℃下萌发率在８０％左右,而２８℃下不萌发。２２℃下外源亚精胺显著促进种子萌发,多胺生物合成抑制剂ＤＦＭＡ和ＤＣＨＡ明显抑制种子萌发,而ＤＦＭＯ无效。２２℃诱导种子萌发过程中内源腐胺和亚精含量显著高于２８℃下它们的含量。ＧＡ３处理能诱导２８℃下种子的萌发,单独外源亚精胺处理效果不大,而外源亚精胺对ＧＡ３诱导效应有促进作用。ＤＦ－ＭＡ和ＤＣＨＡ能抑制ＧＡ３诱导２８℃     

赤霉素和光对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以拟南芥的赤霉素（ＧＡ）缺陷型突变体ｇａ－１,ｇａ－２,ｇａ－３和ＧＡ不敏感型突变体ｇａ－ｔ为材料,研究了光和４种ＧＡ对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长影响的相互关系。结果表明：（１）烯效唑对ｇａ－１种子萌发的抑制在光下可明显被ＧＡ恢复,而在黑暗中ＧＡ的作用不明显。（２）在光下低浓度的外源ＧＡ３可使ｇａ－１,ｇａ－２,ｇａ０３的种子萌发,而在黑暗中同样浓度的ＣＡ３则难以使种有发。（３）光可以降低子萌发所需     

药用植物红芽大戟的营养繁殖研究

本文研究了药用植物红芽大戟的营养繁殖特性。扦插繁殖中使用ＩＢＡ处理的最适浓度为２５ｐｐｍ,最适处理时间为０５ｈ。适用ＩＢＡ处理插枝比ＩＡＡ处理的生根效果更好。上段茎作材料比中段茎的生根效果更好。贮藏根分根繁殖中使用ＩＢＡ处理的最适浓度为５０ｐｐｍ,最适处理时间为０５ｈ。扦插繁殖可以比自然繁殖速度提高４～５倍。贮藏根分根繁殖比自然繁殖速度提高２～３倍。经适当浓度、适当时间的ＩＢＡ处理,扦插繁殖和贮藏根分根繁殖是加快红芽大戟药材生产的可行途径。     

盐浓度对3种单子叶盐生植物渗透调节剂及其在渗透调节中贡献的影响

单子叶盐生植物星星草（Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｅｌｌｉａｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ（Ｇｒｉｓｅｂ）．Ｓｃｒｉｂｎ．ｅｔ．Ｍｅｒｒ．）碱草（Ａｎｅｕｒｏｌｅｐｉｄｉｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ（Ｔｒｉｎｓ．）Ｋｉｔａｇ）和獐茅（Ａｅｌｕｒｏｐｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｄｅｂｅａｕｘ）Ｔｚｖｅｌ）的种子萌发后长至３ｃｍ高,用０,５０,１００,２００和４００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ处理２周后,测定３种植物幼苗的生长,无机和有机渗透调节剂,     

艳丽耳草的二型花柱及异型自交不亲和系统

异型花柱是一种受遗传因素控制的花型多态性现象,包括二型花柱和三型花柱两种类型.本文以茜草科艳丽耳草(Hedyotis pulcherrima)为实验材料,通过对其野外居群的花型、花部形态及花粉特征等观察,发现艳丽耳草野外居群同时存在长花柱型花和短花柱型花,长/短花柱型花的数量比例为1∶1.两型花具有精确的交互式雌雄异位特征,并且该特征与花冠长度相关性显著.长/短花柱型花的柱头裂片长度、花粉大小及淀粉含量等具有二型性.花粉体外培养时花粉萌发率及花粉管生长速率无显著性差异.人工授粉后,艳丽耳草长/短花柱型花型间异交花粉管生长形态正常,授粉24 h后花粉管均已进入子房.而长/短花柱型花在自交及型内异交下均表现为不亲和,花粉管生长停止于柱头,花粉管顶端累积胼胝质并膨大.艳丽耳草没有无融合生殖现象,型间人工辅助异交授粉结实率为100％,显著高于自然结实率.本研究结果表明,艳丽耳草是典型的二型花柱植物,并具有异型自交不亲和系统.     

苹果花芽孕育机理的探讨

花芽孕育期,以环剥、多效唑＋环剥和ＧＡ３处理“红富士”苹果树,成花效应以多效唑＋环剥处理为最高（＋６８４％）。花芽孕育起动时,促花处理的短枝顶芽内ＩＡＡ、ＺＲ含量和ＩＡＡ／ＧＡｓ、ＺＲ／ＧＡｓ的比值均明显提高。在花芽孕育完成过程中,促花处理的短枝叶内淀粉含量、Ｃ／Ｎ比,芽内ＺＲ、ＩＡＡ含量和ＺＲ／ＧＡｓ明显提高,ＧＡｓ则明显下降。     

云南哀牢山徐家坝中山湿性常绿阔叶林动态和节律的研究

根据多年定位观察资料,包括从组成种的种子萌发、幼苗生长及成年物种的生长规律和物候节律对湿性常绿阔叶林动态和节律的研究,结果表明：林地种子贮量、可萌发种子量和萌发种数,雨季大于旱季。幼苗生长雨季快于旱季。表明雨季是种子萌发、幼苗生长的最佳季节。立木生长是种间竞争、自我调控、自疏的过程。成年物种各物候期长、不明显与温带阔叶林各物候期短、明显不同,而开花、结果、落果终年进行与西双版纳季节雨林物候节律相似。三者的不同在于季节雨林春季（２～３ 月）落叶,常绿阔叶林冬季（１１～１２ 月）落叶,温带阔叶林秋季（９～１０ 月）落叶。依据物种物候节律特点及其对气候环境的反应区分出３ 种生态物候型：１．暖温生态物候型（占总种数（５０）的８２％ ）;２．温性生态物候型（占１２％ ）;３．温凉生态物候型（占０．６％ ）     

光与激素对于杜鹃花种子发芽的作用

本文报道24种杜鹃花种子的光照发芽试验,结果表明杜鹃花种子是需光性种子。所有种子的发芽都必须有光照,假如在黑暗条件下进行发芽试验,种子的发芽率几乎等于零。杜鹃花种子的发芽受光敏素的控制,红光促进种子发芽,远红光可以逆转这种促进作用,种子发芽与否取决于最后一次照射的光质。 不同种的杜鹃花种子对光的敏感性存在差异。敏感的种子可以在蓝光,短光照时间下正常发芽,并且它们的需光要求可以被1000 ppm赤霉素所代替。迟钝的种子发芽则要求红光和长光照时间,1000 ppm赤霉素不能代替光,光和赤霉素并用具有增效作用。     

稀有树种任木种子繁殖试验

任木种子繁殖试验结果表明:(1)采自石灰岩土和酸性土上的种子萌发率没有明显差别。(2)种子用80℃热水浸泡处理效果最好,发芽率最高,达到80%～90%。IBA等生长素处理对种子萌发没有促进作用。(3)种子耐贮藏,干藏3年后与新鲜种子的发芽率相差不多。(4)全光照条件下,幼苗的生长速度比林荫下快。(5)任木幼苗在石灰岩土和园土上生长比酸性红壤上好。     

Gibberellin A3 reverses the effect of salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings by enhancing amylase activity and mobilization of starch in cotyledons

The percentage germination of chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum L.cv. PBG-1) gradually decreased with increasing concentration of NaCl in the growth medium and was completely inhibited with 200 mM NaCl. In the presence of 75 mM NaCl, only 51% of the seeds germinated. Gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin at 6 µM concentration induced the maximum increase in % germination and seedling growth under salt stress. However, IAA further inhibited both the germination and growth of stressed seedlings. The reduction in amylase activity in cotyledons of stressed seedlings was partially reversed with GA3 and kinetin whereas IAA did not show any positive effect. GA3 was more effective than kinetin in enhancing the reduced germination and seedling growth of chickpea seeds along with amylase activity in cotyledons under NaCl induced saline conditions. The reduced uptake of radiolabelled 14C sucrose by cotyledons and its reduced distribution in the shoots and roots of stressed seedlings was increased with addition of GA3 in the medium. Cotyledonary amylase was separated into amylase 1 and amylase 2 by sephadex G 150 column chromatography. The reduced activities of both amylase 1 and amylase 2 in cotyledons under salt stress was returned to near normal levels with GA3 and there was also an increase in starch utilization, resulting in its lower concentration in cotyledons of GA3-supplemented stressed cotyledons.     

Embryology and Embryo Rescue of an Interspecific Cross Between Actinidia deliciosa cv. Haywardand A. eriantha

The study deals with an investigation of embryo and endosperm development in seeds of interspecific hybridization betwwn Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward (6X) and A. eriantha (2X) and an attempt to hybrid embryo rescure. The average seed number per fruit of hybrid com suitable culture media for in vitro embryo growth and subsequent growth of the seedlings are tested for hybrid embryos from normal and abortive seeds. The highest percentage of seed germination and the best growth of early seedlings are obtained op. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 ppm of IAA and 0.5 ppm of GA3; MS supplemented with 2 ppm of 2ip, 0.5 ppm of IAA and 0.5 ppm of GA3; MS supplemented with of 2ip and 0.5 ppm of GA3. When these embryos, as seedlings, were transferred onto MS supplemented with 0.5 ppm of GA3 and then MS without growth regulators, they readily develop into seedlings with normal leaves and roots, A lot of adventitious buds produced from hypocotyl of some normal and abortive embryos on MS supplemented with 2 ppm of BAP and Ms+ 0.5 ppm IAA+0.5 ppm GA3 further grow into hybrid plantlets. Although various percentage of embryos developed from abortive seeds also germinate, but when inoculated onto media as mentioned in Table l, a number of malformed seedlings form subsequently. The remaining embryos on all the media, however, show limited growth, and eventually either form callus or die. The nature of hybrid seedling is confirmed by cytological test. Half of them showed chromosome number as 4X=116 approx., the rest may have 19, 27, 30, 46, 120, 131, ect. In conclusion, according to embryological and cytological observation on hybrid seeds and seedlings: (I) the cross between Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward and A. eriantha appears interspecific incompatibility and compatibility to some extent, (2) normal hybrid seedlings are produced by normal hybrid embryos from normal seeds and abnormal embryos from abortive seeds, and (3) both may induce initiation of adventitious buds from hypocotyl. We suggested that these results may be useful for plant breeding program.     

Application of gibberellic acid to the surface of soybean seed (t Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and symbiotic nodulation,plant development,final grain and protein yield under short season conditions

In short-season soybean production areas, low soil temperature is the major factor limiting soybean establishment, nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Gibberellic acid (GA) pretreatment of crop seeds can overcome low soil temperature inhibition of seed germination and seedling development. However, previous studies have found that the application of GAs decreased legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation under optimal growth conditions. A field experiment was conducted under short season conditions in eastern Canada to determine whether the application of GA₃ to soybean seed could accelerate germination, and increase plant nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The results indicated that GA₃ application accelerated seedling emergence but decreased plant nodulation and nitrogen accumulation at early plant growth stages. However, these initial negative effects were overcome as the plants developed. Gibberellic acid applied to soybean seed at the time of planting did not influence final grain and protein yield.     

原始老龄林内兴安落叶松种子命运的试验研究

兴安落叶松土壤种子库的支出主要有３个方面：种子萌发、动物取食和生活力丧失。兴安落叶松种子在６月份迅速萌发,占全年总萌发量的９０％。７月中下旬,土壤已经不存在有生活力的种子。在生长季初期,鼠类对种子取食率仅１％,到生长季中后期接近２０％。然而,此时幼苗发生基本结束,被食种子大部分为生活力很弱或丧失生活力者。红背Ｐｉｎｇ是主要的食种子者。落叶松在时间上逃避了鼠类取食种子。一般,鼠类仅就地取食１０％的落     

Gibberellin Metabolism and Transport During Germination and Young Seedling Growth of Pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis> L.)

The role of gibberellins (GAs) during germination and early seedling growth is examined by following the metabolism and transport of radiolabeled GAs in cotyledon, shoot, and root tissues of pea (Pisum sativum L.) using an aseptic culture system. Mature pea seeds have significant endogenous GA₂₀ levels that fall during germination and early seedling growth, a period when the seedling develops the capacity to transport GA₂₀ from the cotyledon to the shoot and root of the seedling. Even though cotyledons at 0–2 days after imbibition have appreciable amounts of GA₂₀, the cotyledons retain the ability to metabolize labeled GA₁₉ to GA₂₀ and express significant levels of PsGA20ox2 message (which encodes a GA biosynthesis enzyme, GA 20-oxidase). The large pool of cotyledonary GA₂₀ likely provides substrate for GA₁ synthesis in the cotyledons during germination, as well as for shoots and roots during early seedling growth. The shoots and roots express GA metabolism genes (PsGA3ox genes which encode GA 3-oxidases for synthesis of bioactive GA₁, and PsGA2ox genes which encode GA 2-oxidases for deactivation of GAs to GA₂₉ and GA₈), and they develop the capacity to metabolize GAs as necessary for seedling establishment. Auxins also show an interesting pattern during early seedling growth, with higher levels of 4-chloro-indole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA) in mature seeds and higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in young root and shoot tissues. This suggests a changing role for auxins during early seedling development.     

不同种源及基质对水青树种子萌发及幼苗初期生长的影响

通过对4个不同种源地的水青树种子进行形态与生理特征的研究,探讨了不同种源、基质及温度对水青树种子萌发和幼苗初期生长的影响,以了解该物种种群自然更新困难的原因。结果表明:(1)不同种源的种子,其千粒重、饱满度及形态学方面存在显著差异。(2)不同种源的种子的萌发率分别为:74.67%(雷波)、41%(马边)、67%(九寨沟)、0%(美姑),对应的发芽势分别为38.33%、10%、27.33%、0(P<0.01);(3)在不同的萌发基质中,腐殖土中的萌发率、萌发势及幼苗的长势均优于生境土和沙土,而沙土中种子的萌发与幼苗的生长最差,因此水青树生境地的土壤不是其自然更新的限制因素;(4)常温下不同基质中,水青树种子的萌发率均高于恒温条件,表明适宜的变温处理有利于种子萌发及幼苗存活;(5)综合分析可知,雷波的水青树种子品质较好,马边的则较差。     

Influence of gibberellic acid and different salt concentrations on germination percentage and physiological parameters of oat cultivars

Gibberellic acid (GA₃) is one of the plant growth regulators which improve salt tolerance and mitigate the salt stress impact on plants. The extant analysis was carried out to study the effect of GA₃ and different salt concentrations on seed germination and physiological parameters of oat cultivars. Oats is substantially less tolerant to salt than wheat and barley. Experimentation was conducted as factorial with Completely Randomized Block Design with three replicates. Different concentration of NaCl salt ((25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) were used in test control group and 100 and 150 ppm of GA₃ were used in two group by pre-treated (after 24 h of the seed soaking) and plants were analyzed on 15th day. Results indicate that increasing salinity would decrease the germination percentage and growth parameter in three oat cultivars. Quotes data indicating a 13%, 19.9% and 32.48% in cultivars NDO-2, UPO-212 and UPO-94 germination reduction when soil salinity reaches 50 mM. A 36.02%, 47.33% and 56.365 reduction in germination is likely when soil salinity reaches 100 mM respectively same cultivars. Seeds treated with GA₃ significantly promoted the percentage of germination, shoot and root length, total fresh and dry weight of seedling, tissue water content and seedling vigor index by NDO-2 and UPO-212 under different saline concentration. The maximum average of germination and growth parameters were observed from 150 ppm GA₃ treated seeds. But this concentration was significantly inhibited root length in sensitive cultivar UPO-94 at 75 and 100 mM salt as compared to 100 ppm. We observed that, the high concentration of GA₃ was not suitable for sensitive oat cultivars. Because the plant root are the real workforce behind any plants success. Thus, it may be concluding that, GA₃ treatment could curtail the toxic effect of salinity by increasing germination percentage and shoot and root length, total fresh and dry weight, tissue water content and seedling vigor index in tolerant cultivar.