长蠕孢菌产孢条件的研究*

对番茄褐斑病原菌—长蠕孢菌产孢条件进行了研究,结果表明燕麦片琼胶培养基、Czapek培养基和PDA+番茄叶片能促进产孢子,V8汁、PSA和番茄汁培养基抑制产孢;碳源果糖明显促进产孢,甘露醇抑制产孢子;氮源氯化铵促进产孢,蛋白胨和硫酸铵抑制产孢;光照和紫外线照射对长蠕孢菌产孢有明显促进作用,特别是紫外线照射60~80min时产孢量达到最大;偏低温或偏高温以及微碱性环境能促进长蠕孢菌产孢,温度为15℃或30℃,pH8~9时最有利于产孢。     

蚧镰孢菌的生长及产孢研究

蚧镰孢菌孢子萌发及产孢的最适温度是 2 8℃ ,菌生长的适温是 2 4℃～ 2 6℃。孢子萌发受 pH值影响较小 ,菌生长以 pH6.5～ 8.5为最适 ,而 pH8.5时产孢最多。菌的生长也可以调节培养液的pH值 ,使其达到最适生长的 pH范围。光照对该菌的生长及产孢也有一定影响。蚧镰孢菌能利用多种碳源和氮源 ,也能以几丁质为唯一碳源和氮源生长 ,但生长很差。Ca2 、Fe2 等金属离子以及硫胺素、核黄素、叶酸等维生素的加入可使产孢量增加 ,而维生素的作用更明显。该菌的产孢高峰期一般在 2 1天左右 ,而且在相同条件下 ,接种量越大 ,产生最大量孢子所需的时间越短。     

草坪草离蠕孢叶枯病菌生物学特性的研究

对草坪离蠕孢叶枯病病原菌进行分离鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:该病害由禾草离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)引起。该病原菌的菌丝生长及产孢的最适温度为30℃,孢子萌发最适温度为25℃,菌丝的致死温度为65℃,而孢子的致死温度则为55℃;该菌对酸碱度的适应能力较强,中性偏酸性的条件对菌丝的生长有利,而pH值为8.0时最易产孢;各碳源对菌丝的生长均有促进作用,但不同碳源对产孢量的影响很大,单糖和双糖利于产孢,多糖对产孢的影响不大。氮源对菌丝生长和产孢量非常重要,无机氮效果较好,硝态氮好于氨态氮,有机氮效果最差。花粉、叶面物质和草坪草汁液可促进孢子萌发。     

栎链蚧寄生菌座壳孢菌生物学特性的研究

对栎链蚧Asterodiaspis variabile Russell的座壳孢菌Aschersonta sp.进行了菌落形态持征观察、菌落生长速度、产孢特性观察以及孢子萌发等试验,结果表明,菌落生长及产孢最佳条件为:PDA培养基和玉米粉琼胶培养基,25℃,pH6～7,12L:12D;孢子萌发最佳条件为:25℃,pH6～7,1%蔗糖、葡萄糖溶液,为24h光照.     

环境因素对香蕉叶斑病菌喙突脐蠕孢生长和产孢的影响

为进一步明确香蕉叶斑病菌喙突脐蠕孢的生物学特性,调查了部分环境因素(碳氮源、植物成分培养基)对供试菌株(CLER09、D087和JL05)的营养生长和产孢的影响。结果显示,分生孢子主要先从基部萌芽,在28℃下约培养10h后出现两端萌芽;供试菌株对测试的20种碳源及26种氮源显示相似的生长反应,均可利用除菊糖外的测试碳源及氮源进行营养生长和产孢;测试的6种植物成分培养基对供试菌株的营养生长效果皆优于PDA培养基;除燕麦培养基外,其余5种培养基对菌株CLER09和D087的产孢作用均优于PDA培养基;测试的6种培养基对菌株JL05的产孢作用均优于PDA培养基。不同植物成分培养基对该菌分生孢子形态影响较大,以米糠、象草培养基对菌株D087和JL05的分生孢子长度和玉米粉培养基对菌株CLER09的分生孢子宽度的增长效果最为明显。     

响应面法优化蝉棒束孢SLGY-2产孢条件

棒束孢菌Cordyceps sp.是一类重要的昆虫病原真菌,具有开发潜能。前期(通过生物毒力测定)筛选一株对斜纹夜蛾具有较高毒力蝉棒束孢SLGY-2菌株,为进一步提高其产孢活力,分别利用单因素方差法和中心组合设计配合响应面分析两种方法开展了本次研究。本研究以产孢量为指标,选择培养基营养成分含量、pH值、温度以及光照条件等进行单因素试验,通过响应曲面法优化最佳产孢条件。结果表明:SLGY-2菌株在实际和模拟较为吻合,模型中最佳产孢条件为培养基营养成分含量为38.3 g、pH 6.55、温度25.21℃、光照18.04 h。在该培养条件下,产孢量达到5.70×10~8个/mL,可用于孢子批量生产。     

粟长孺孢菌的异核现象

本文报道了粟长孺孢的菌(Hetminthosporium setariae)的异核现象。用γ-射线和甲基磺酸乙酯诱变获得的颜色、形态和营养突变株(H8、Hw)可在基本培养基上形成异核体(8W)。其以上各种特性不同于亲本。 8W分离之后的突变株可稳定地传代,混合后仍能形成异核体。从而证实了该菌的异核性。观察并测定了亲本株和异核体的生长率、致病性及产孢能力。粟长孺孢菌(H8)和玉蜀黍长孺孢菌(866·R-8)可形成种间异核体。     

哈茨木霉的培养及其对烟草疫霉生长的抑制研究*

哈茨木霉是一类重要的植病生防因子。哈茨木霉TH-1分别在PDA培养基、麦芽糖培养基、查氏培养基和琼脂培养基上培养均能产孢,其中PDA培养基为最适培养基。PDA培养基上,菌丝生长适宜温度27.5℃~35℃,最适温度32.5℃,产孢最适温度27.5℃。菌丝生长适宜pH值为3~7,产孢适宜pH值为5~9,生长与产孢最适pH值为5。光照对菌丝生长影响不大但明显影响菌株的产孢数量,光照时间越长产孢量越大。对峙培养试验表明TH-1明显抑制疫霉菌的生长速率,其无菌滤液明显抑制烟草疫霉菌游动孢子的萌发,并抑制游动孢子芽管     

哈茨木霉的培养及其对烟草疫霉生长的抑制研究

哈茨木霉是一类重要的植病生防因子。哈茨木霉TH-1分别在PDA培养基、麦芽糖培养基、查氏培养基和琼脂培养基上培养均能产孢,其中PDA培养基为最适培养基。PDA培养基上,菌丝生长适宜温度27．5℃～35℃,最适温度32．5℃,产孢最适温度27．5℃。菌丝生长适宜pH值为3～7,产孢适宜pH值为5-9,生长与产孢最适pH值为5。光照对菌丝生长影响不大但明显影响菌株的产孢数量,光照时间越长产孢量越大。对峙培养试验表明TH-1明显抑制疫霉菌的生长速率,其无菌滤液明显抑制烟草疫霉菌游动孢子的萌发,并抑制游动孢子芽管的伸长,TH-1对游动孢子萌发的相对抑制率为12．7％,对芽管生长长度的相对抑制率为63．1％。水解酶平板活性测定显示,TH-1产生β-1,3葡聚糖酶与纤维素酶,从而使烟草疫霉菌细胞壁的消解,产生非挥发性抗生素抑制烟草疫霉菌孢子萌发,但对菌丝生长影响不大。     

链格孢霉醇和链格孢霉醇单甲醚产生菌株的筛选

本文对分离自小麦、马铃薯、番茄和茄子上链格孢霉属(Alternaria)2个种(链格孢和茄链格孢)的96个菌株,用枯草杆菌生长抑制试验筛选链格孢霉醇(AOH)和链格孢霉醇单甲醚(AME)的产生菌株,有48株产生毒性作用(占所测菌株的50％)。18株产强、中毒性菌用高效液相色谱分析,有13株产AOH和AME(占所测菌株的72.2％)。链格孢的产毒素菌株率比茄链格孢低。但产毒素含量却是前者明显高于后者。其中产AOH和AME的最高含量,链格孢菌株XA-8分别为280和5140mg/kg,而茄链格孢菌株SA-10分别为95.9和94.3mg/kg。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.