巨型艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊cDNA文库的构建

为构建巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)孢子倾卵囊cDNA表灰文库,从E.maxima孢子化卵囊中提取总RNA,以总RNA为模板、λTriplex2TM为栽体,利用SMARTTM cDNA文库构建试剂盒构建全长cDNA表达文库.经测定构建的E.maxima cDNA表达文库的原始文库容量为1×106 pfu/ml,扩增后的文库滴度为5×1010pfu/ml,重组率为95%,插入片断主要集中在0.5～1kb之间.根据已知序列设计引物,能从文库中扩增出编码E.maxima免疫球蛋白重链结合蛋白的基因序列片段.结果 表明所构建的E.maxima cDNA表达文库质量良好,为克隆、筛选E.maxima的功能性基因奠定了基础.     

鸡胚成纤维细胞cDNA表达文库的构建

鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)是研究鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)的主要细胞材料,而构建CEF的cDNA表达文库是筛选IBDV在CEF中的细胞受体,研究细胞嗜性的基础平台。采用Gateway技术构建CEF的表达文库,避免使用限制性内切酶切割cDNA,能够解决常规方法构建cDNA文库的技术缺陷。该技术将CEF的mRNA分离纯化后,以5′端生物素标记的Oligo(dT)primer为引物反转录后连接Adapter,层析柱纯化,通过BP重组反应构建cDNA入门文库,其平均滴度为1.1×106cfu/mL,文库总容量为1.2×107cfu,平均插入片段为2243bp,重组率为100%。通过LR重组反应将入门文库转换为表达文库,经测定平均滴度为5×105cfu/mL,文库总容量为5.5×106cfu,平均插入片段为2411bp,重组率为100%。结果表明,所构建的文库具有较高的重组率和较大的库容量,可作为较高质量的文库来研究IBDV的相关基因,为研究病毒受体和病毒入侵途径,进一步了解IBDV的致病机理奠定了基础。     

褐飞虱诱导的水稻cDNA文库的构建及锌指蛋白基因的分离

从褐飞虱取食48h后的水稻幼苗中提取总RNA并纯化出mRNA,经反转录合成第一、二链cDNA,去除小于400bp的cDNA片断后,连接EcoRI人工接头,与去磷酸化的噬菌体长短臂连接,体外包装后感染,成功构建了含1.1×106重组子的褐飞虱诱导的水稻cDNA表达文库,重组子平均外源片断为1.5kb,扩增后的cDNA文库滴度为1.1×1011pfu/mL,适用于筛选低丰度mRNA的cDNA克隆。将已筛选得到的ESTBPHiw001为探针,在褐飞虱诱导的水稻cDNA文库中筛选得到1.4kb的全长锌指蛋白基因,命名为OsBi2。Northernblot分析说明此基因可能在水稻对褐飞虱的防卫反应中起作用。     

Gateway(R)技术构建交链孢菌JH505 cDNA文库

Gateway○R技术构建cDNA文库,利用λ噬菌体的位点特异性重组,避免使用限制性内酶切割cDNA,能够解决常规方法构建cDNA文库的技术缺陷。首次应用Gateway○R技术构建交链孢菌cDNA文库,经检测cDNA入门文库的滴度达到1×107cfumL,文库总容量为9×107cfu,平均插入片段为1510bp。通过LR重组把入门文库转换为表达文库,表达文库的滴度为1.58×106cfu/mL,文库总容量为6.32×106cfu,平均插入片段大小为1680bp。表达文库的构建为进一步克隆植物激活蛋白基因打下了基础。     

新生隐球菌酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建及鉴定

目的构建新生隐球菌H99细胞酵母双杂交cDNA文库,为后续深入研究新生隐球菌的蛋白功能以及病原-宿主相互作用机制奠定基础。方法提取对数生长中期的隐球菌细胞mRNA,以5’端标记有Oligo dT primer为引物反转录,合成双链后连接Adapter。分级纯化后,通过BP重组反应构建入门文库,入门文库扩增后提取质粒,通过LR重组反应转化为表达文库。结果入门文库总容量为1.13×10~7 CFU,阳性率为90.63%。表达文库总容量为1.25×10~7 CFU,阳性率100%。结论构建的表达文库具有较高的质量,此文库可用于研究新生隐球菌的蛋白互作机制,筛选与宿主蛋白相互作用的隐球菌蛋白,为新生隐球菌的分子致病机制研究奠定基础。     

中华大蟾蜍精巢组织全长cDNA文库的构建及泛素延伸蛋白基因Bg-ubi52的获得

运用SMART技术构建了中华大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans)精巢全长cDNA文库。提取中华大蟾蜍精巢总RNA,用Clontech公司SMARTTM cDNA文库构建试剂盒反转录合成第一链cDNA,LD-PCR扩增获得全长cDNA双链;经SfiⅠ酶切、层析柱分离后,500bp以上的片段与λTriplEx2载体连接并包装,建成原始文库。经鉴定,原始文库滴度为2.21×106pfu/ml,重组率为91%;文库扩增后的滴度为2.94×109pfu/ml,重组率为93.7%。插入片段大小分布于0.4~2.0kb之间,平均长度约为1.0kb,说明已构建文库质量较高,为进一步筛选、克隆精巢特异表达基因奠定了基础。从该文库中克隆到了泛素延伸蛋白基因,全长561bp,包含完整的5′和3′非编码区,编码128个氨基酸,即泛素的76个氨基酸后融合了52个氨基酸的核糖体L40蛋白。     

穴蚁蛉幼虫全长均一化cDNA文库的构建

通过构建穴蚁蛉幼虫(俗称蚁狮)全长均一化cDNA文库,以期了解蚁狮的抗菌肽、毒素蛋白以及其它药用蛋白种类,为日后筛选、克隆表达和分离纯化这些药用蛋白奠定基础.用针刺诱导蚁狮产生抗茵物质后,分离纯化总RNA,结合SMART全长文库与DSN(duplex-specific nuclease)均一化技术,构建全长均一化cDNA文库,并通过平板计数和菌落PCR方法鉴定文库.随机挑选192个单克隆进行5′端测序,并与NCBI数据库进行比对分析.结果显示,构建出的文库平均插入片段长度为1 200bp,原始文库的滴度达到7.5×105 CFU/mL,而扩增文库则为1.95×1011CFU/mL.在所挑选的单克隆中,共获得190条有效序列,平均读长1 340 bp,文库重组率达到98.96%.与NCBI数据库比对后发现,这些序列可能是一些编码蚁狮免疫、消化及毒性蛋白的基因.     

原生动物八肋游仆虫cDNA文库的构建

细胞内蛋白质合成过程是一个由多种蛋白质相互作用参与调节的开放系统,形成了复杂的mRNA代谢和蛋白质翻译为核心的基因表达调控的网络和信号转导途径。【目的】为了获得更多参与调节蛋白质合成终止过程的蛋白质种类和功能信息,进一步了解其中的网络和信号转导途径,本研究构建了原生动物八肋游仆虫的cDNA文库。【方法】构建过程严格遵循Clontech公司的BD MatchmakerTM Library ConstructionScreening kit提供的方案进行文库构建和筛选.【结果】首次得到了可用于筛选功能基因的原生动物纤毛虫的cDNA文库,文库滴度为2.437×107cfu/mL。利用第二类肽链释放因子为诱饵,筛选得到了一些可能与之相互作用的蛋白质,其中包括一个可能编码RNA解旋酶的基因序列。该文库为进一步筛选和研究八肋游仆虫功能基因提供了便利的平台。     

人尿道(阴茎)鳞癌上皮细胞(HUS-98)cDNA文库的构建及鉴定

为了进一步分离人尿道(阴茎)鳞癌组织特异性表达基因和鳞癌特异性相关基因,采用SMART技术,构建了人尿道 (阴茎)鳞癌上皮细胞cDNA文库,从人尿道(阴茎)鳞癌上皮细胞中分离总RNA并纯化mRNA,利用经修饰的oligo(dT)引物 合成cDNA第一链,利用SMART核苷酸作为cDNA第一链在mRNA5′端延伸出去的模板,采用LD-PCR合成双链cDNA,双链 cDNA经酶切和过柱分级分离后,克隆入λTriplEx2载体后经体外包装而成cDNA文库。结果表明原始人尿道(阴茎)鳞癌上 皮cDNA文库获得1.57×107个重组子,重组率达到98%。文库扩增后,滴度达到4.0×109pfu/ml,插入cDNA平均长度为2.5kb。 构建的人尿道(阴茎)鳞癌上皮cDNA文库具有良好的质量,该cDNA文库为进一步筛选鳞癌抑癌基因及鳞癌特异性表达基因 奠定了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.