49例儿童暴发性心肌炎的临床特点与预后

目的:探讨儿童暴发性心肌炎的临床特点及与预后的关系。方法:回顾性分析患者病史、ECG、UCG、CMR、血清学检查资料及随访结果,得出影响预后的相关危险因素。结果:共收治49例暴发性心肌炎患者,平均年龄8.89±3.63岁。死亡9例(18.37%),平均存活时间4天,无晚期死亡。以心外表现为首发症状者占83.67%。初诊时血清CK-MB及c Tn I异常检出率分别为51.11%和81.39%,两者同时增高占47.50%。49例患者在疾病初期均存在明显的心电图异常,其中室性心律失常的发生率在恢复组与死亡组间存在明显差异(P=0.020)。恢复组与死亡组LVEF/LVFS降低的发生率分别为62.5%和100%(P=0.157),恢复组LVEF恢复正常平均时间10.22天。恢复组中10例患者在急性期行CMR检查,其中9例符合路易斯湖。所有患者均使用大剂量激素及丙种球蛋白治疗。8例患者安装临时心脏起搏器,4例接受ECOM治疗。恢复组平均随访19.28月,100%临床痊愈。多因素生存分析,最终与死亡有关的危险因素为年龄≤6岁(RR40.215,95%CI(1.285-1258.369))。结论:暴发性心肌炎起病急骤,以心外症状为首发者多见,经及时诊断、治疗的患者有望完全康复。所有患者均存在不同程度心电图异常。多因素生存分析发现年龄≤6岁为死亡的危险因素。     

小儿病毒性心肌炎50例心电图临床分析

目前,小儿病毒性心肌炎患者时有发现,通过心电图观察分析小儿病毒性心肌炎对于临床观察治疗十分重要,现将近年来收集的临床诊断病毒性心肌炎患者的心电图监测结果分析报告如下:临床资料我们共收治50例患儿临床诊断为病毒性心肌炎,并全部做了12导联常规心电图,并进行随访三个月。其中男27例,女23例。最小年龄为6个月,最大年龄为14岁,3岁以内9例,占有18%;4岁~6岁21例,占42%;7岁~10岁12例,占24%;11岁~14岁8例,占16%。心电图分析结果:①期前收缩与异位心动过速情况:VE 27例,占54%;SVE 26例,占52%;VT 1例,占2%;SVR 3例,占6%。②传异阻滞情况:…     

非侵入性起搏器负荷超声心动图对永久起搏器植入术后合并冠脉病变的临床诊断意义

目的：探讨非侵入起搏器负荷超声心动图对永久起搏器植入术后合并冠脉病变的临床诊断意义。方法：采用前瞻性研究,实验对象为24名因房室传导阻滞或慢性心房纤颤而植入永久起搏器的患者（男12人,女12人,平均年龄70.2±6.1岁）,所有患者均因不典型心绞痛入院和完全起搏依赖,心电图改变无法判断是否存在心肌缺血。通过体外程控进行非侵入性起搏器负荷超声心动图检测室壁运动幅度如左室射血分数评估心功能,检测后行冠脉造影术评估冠脉狭窄情况,及实验前后测定B型脑钠肽的变化。结果：24例患者中,有13例通过起搏器负荷超声心动图应激实验测得LVEF随起搏心率增加而降低,这其中又有11例患者通过冠状动脉造影证实其冠脉存在不同程度的狭窄,诊断的准确性84.62%;11例冠脉造影结果阳性的患者实验后30分钟测得的BNP水平较实验前明显升高。结论：非侵入性起搏器负荷超声心动图应激实验作为一种简单、快速、安全及具有诊断意义的方法,可用来评价植入起搏器术后完全起搏依赖,心电图继发性ST-T改变难以判断的心肌缺血,为进一步检查及治疗提供可靠临床数据。     

29例心血管疾病误诊原因分析

目的:分析心血管疾病误诊疾病临床特征,探讨致误诊的直接原因、潜在原因,总结诊断经验。方法:我院2009年1月~2013年12月共误诊心血管病29例,回顾性分析相关资料,描述性分析误诊原因。结果:其它疾病误诊为心血管病18例(67.86%),其中胃食管反流6例(33.33%)、肺栓塞5例(27.28%)、低血糖4例(22.22%),风湿性心脏病3例(10.34%)被误诊它病,心血管病相互误诊8例(27.59%),其中变异型心绞痛3例(37.5%)、早期复极综合征3例(37.5%)、急性心肌炎1例(12.5%)、应激性心肌病1例(12.5%);常见的误诊疾病:急性心肌梗死9例、冠心病7例、心源性昏厥4例,等;常见临床表现:不同程度心悸、胸痛、气促变化,心电图改变,心率变化,心肌酶变化,心增大。结论:原发病症状不典型、病型少见、继发血流循环变化与心肌病理改变,是致心血管疾病误诊的主要原因;医师对少见病型临床表现、相关检查表现特点掌握不够,对常见病更重视,注重先抢救后诊断,是致心血管疾病误诊的人为因素。     

急性乌头碱中毒致心律失常36例临床分析

目的探讨急性乌头碱中毒致心律失常的临床表现和心电图特点,提高急救疗效,改善预后。方法对36例急性乌头碱中毒致心律失常患者的临床症状、心电图以及治疗和转归进行回顾性分析。结果 36例患者临床表现以神经系统和循环系统症状为主,心律失常发生的类型较多,其中以室性心律失常较多见(55.07%)。结论正确认识急性乌头碱中毒致心律失常的临床特点,并及时干预处置,可提高抢救成功率。     

儿童意外吸入磷化铝中毒55例临床分析及文献

目的:分析儿童意外吸入磷化铝中毒的临床特点、治疗方法及死亡原因。方法:对本院儿科2014年5月～2018年8月收治的55例意外吸入磷化铝中毒患者进行回顾性分析,根据病情严重程度将其分为轻度(31例)和重度(14例),统计患儿的年龄、性别、发病季节、中毒吸入时间、中毒就诊时间、临床症状、实验室及心电图检查。结果:55例吸入磷化铝中毒患儿中,死亡10例,存活45例,死亡患者均为重度中毒者,死亡原因为循环衰竭。轻度中毒毒素吸入时间平均为25.1 h,中毒后平均就诊时间14.6 h;重度中毒毒素吸入时间平均为185.4 h,中毒后平均就诊时间38.5 h;临床表现为恶心呕吐55例(100%),头晕、面色苍白14例(25%),心悸16例(29%),呼吸衰竭14例(25%),严重的心律失常8例(14.5%),低血压、心源性休克10例(18%);心电图检查:室上性心动过速1例,室性心动过速4例,II度II型房室传导阻滞1例,窦性心律不齐5例,窦性心动过速26例;实验室检查中心肌酶升高19例(34.5%);肝功能异常12例(21.8%);肾功能异常6例(10.9%);代谢性酸中毒14例(25%)。治疗上主要为对症支持治疗。结论:儿童意外吸入磷化铝中毒以重度中毒病例死亡率高,多为循环衰竭所致,目前无特效解毒药物,早期诊断和早期综合性治疗尤为重要。     

埋藏式心脏起搏器在儿科中的应用——附11例报告

小儿应用埋藏式心脏起搏器(下称起搏器)与成人相比,病例数虽少,但有其特殊性。本文就我院1974年9月至1990年9月安置起搏器11例的经验体会总结如下: 临床资料本组11例,男性5例,女性6例。年龄2岁至12岁(平均5.1±2.6岁);5岁以下8例,占72.7％。11例中,完全性房室传导阻滞(CAVB)9例,其中先天性CAVB 5例,心肌炎后CAVB 1例、先天性心脏病     

肥厚梗阻性心肌病的外科治疗

目的:总结肥厚室间隔切除术治疗肥厚梗阻性心肌病的手术效果,探讨外科治疗策略。方法:2002年3月至2010年10月,外科手术治疗33例肥厚梗阻性心肌病病人。其中男16例,女17例;年龄13～59岁,平均(42.7±13.6)岁;左室流出道压差(LVOTGP)70～120 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133Kpa),平均(95.0±22.6)mmHg。其中合并二尖瓣关闭不全24例,主动脉瓣关闭不全7例,升主动脉增宽3例,冠心病2例。手术在全麻低温体外循环下完成,按常规经主动脉切口行室间隔心肌切除术,同期完成二尖瓣置换术(MVR)7例,二尖瓣成形术(MVP)7例,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣成形术(MVP+AVP)5例,二尖瓣、升主动脉成形术3例,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣成形、冠状动脉旁路移植术(MVP+AVP+CABG)2例。分析比较病人术前超声心动图(UCG),术中经食管心脏超声(TEE),以及术后1周、3月、6月、1年超声心动图结果。结果:手术死亡1例(3.0%,1/33例),主要死因为严重低心排综合症以及多脏器功能衰竭。二次开胸止血1例(3.0%,1/33例)。术中经食管心脏超声示所有病人二尖瓣前叶收缩期前向运动现象(SAM征)消失。存活病人手术效果良好,解剖狭窄解除,峰值压差降低,SAM现象基本消失。远期随访生存病人症状消失,生活质量明显改善,心功能I～II级,无远期死亡、并发症或再次手术。结论:外科治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病具有良好的手术效果。了解病生理过程、术中仔细探察、手术切除彻底是手术成功的关键。     

腹泻型IBS患者小肠细菌过度生长和抗菌素的影响

目的观察腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)患者乳果糖氢呼气试验(LHBT)的阳性率、以及短期抗菌素治疗的疗效。方法 89例符合罗马Ⅲ标准的IBS-D患者接受LHBT检测,分析LHBT结果与肠易激综合征(IBS)症状的相关性;16例LHBT阳性IBS-D患者接受"替硝唑或司帕沙星"治疗1周,观察LHBT阴转率及其与症状改善的关系。结果 89例IBS-D患者中,46例(51.7%)LHBT阳性。LHBT阳性组与LHBT阴性组IBS患者在腹痛程度和频率、腹胀程度和频率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。16例LHBT阳性的IBS-D患者经1周抗菌素治疗后10例(62.5%)LHBT阴转,IBS症状改善率(Y)与H2呼出量减少率(X)存在正相关关系(回归方程Y=31.3+0.34X,r=0.61,P=0.03)。结论 51.7%IBS-D患者存在小肠细菌过生长(SIBO),SIBO与IBS-D患者的腹痛、腹胀症状有关;短程抗菌素治疗后可以使IBS-D的部分症状获得缓解。     

起搏器术后新发房性心律失常的影响因素分析

目的:探讨起搏器术后新发房性心律失常的发生情况及其相关影响因素。方法:选择2006年1月至2007年12月于沈阳军区总医院首次植入永久起搏器的107例患者,男性50例,平均年龄65.0±11.9岁,术前通过追问病史及相关检查均排除房性心律失常(房颤、房扑、房速),术后平均随访3.9年,观察新发房性心律失常情况。按术后是否出现房性心律失常,将患者分为新发房性心律失常组和无房性心律失常组,比较两组患者术前和术后心脏超声结果的变化、心室起搏比例、起搏部位及起搏模式,并通过logistic回归分析起搏器术后发生房性心律失常的影响因素。结果:新发房性心律失常组26例(24.3%),其中房颤17例(15.9%),房扑2例(1.9%),房速7例(6.5%);无房性心律失常组81例。与无房性心律失常组比较,新发房性心律失常组左房内径明显增加(P=0.040)、二尖瓣返流程度较重(P=0.032)及左室射血分数明显下降(P=0.001),心室起搏百分比(VP%)显著升高(P=0.017)。心尖部起搏患者房性心律失常的发生率明显高于间隔部起搏(33.3%vs 16.9%,P<0.05),双腔起搏组患者房性心律失常发生率明显低于单腔起搏器组(18.7%vs 37.5%,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示术后新发房性心律失常的发生与高比例的心室起搏(P=0.006)、VVI(R)起搏模式(P=0.014)及右心室起搏电极导线植于心尖部(P=0.024)显著相关。结论:起搏模式、心室起搏百分比、起搏部位是起搏器术后发生房性心律失常的影响因素。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.