墨西哥落羽杉中三个活性双黄酮研究

从墨西哥落羽杉 (Taxodiummucronatum)枝叶中分离得到 3个化合物 ,通过MS、1DNMR、 2DNMR以及与参考文献比较的方法鉴定它们分别为 3个已知双黄酮 ,即 :a mentoflavone (1) ,podocarpusflavoneA (2 ) ,4′ ,7 dimethylamentoflavone (3)。本文还对文献中amentoflavone的C - 2 和C - 6 的碳谱数据归属进行了修正。体外生物活性筛选结果表明 ,这 3个双黄酮均为组织蛋白酶B的抑制剂 ,其IC50 值分别为 1 75、 1 6 8和 0 5 5 μmol/L ;这 3个双黄酮均显示一定的细胞毒活性 ,其中化合物 1对肿瘤细胞株BGC 82 3的IC50 值为 3 5 1μmol/L ,化合物 2对肿瘤细胞株HT 2 9的IC50 值为 11 16 μmol/L ,化合物 3对肿瘤细胞株A5 49、BEL 74 0 2、DU14 5、HT 2 9的IC50 值分别为 7 74、 17 16、 12 4 2、 14 5 4μmol/L。其中双黄酮为组织蛋白酶B的新型天然抑制剂     

海绵共附生疣孢菌FIM06031细胞毒活性代谢产物的研究

利用正相硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20和反相C18柱层析等方法,从海绵共附生疣孢菌FIM06031的发酵菌丝体提取液中分离到三个化合物(1～3)。通过波谱方法鉴定其中一个化合物harrucomicin C(1)为新倍半萜,另外两个已知化合物为cyperusol C(2)和Nb-乙酰色胺(3)。活性研究表明harrucomicin C对肿瘤细胞株HepG2、EC109和HeLa具显著增殖抑制活性,其IC50值分别为16.99、25.33μM和34.64μM;cyperusol C对肿瘤细胞HeLa和HepG2增殖抑制作用的IC50值分别为149.99μM和167.78μM。     

黄白侧耳大米固体发酵次级代谢产物分析

从黄白侧耳Pleurotus cornucopiae大米固体发酵物中分离得到4个苯酞类化合物,2个为新结构化合物:2-(ethoxymethyl)-3,5-diethoxybenzyl acetate(1)、2-(acetoxymethyl)-4,6-dimethoxybenzyl tridecanoate(2),2个为已知化合物:5,7-dimethoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one(3)、4,6-dimethoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one(4)。对化合物进行生物活性评价发现,化合物3、4具有抑制肿瘤细胞HeLa生长活性,IC50值分别为66.2和65.7μmol/L;化合物3和4对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞释放NO有抑制作用,IC50值分别为17.2和67.9μmol/L。     

鲍姆氏层孔菌子实体中化合物的分离鉴定及其体外抑制肿瘤的研究

鲍姆氏层孔菌Phellinus baumii子实体中分离得到的化合物,通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为:麦角甾‐7,22‐二烯‐3β‐醇十五烷酸酯(1),星鱼甾醇(2),灵芝醇B(3),麦角甾‐6,22‐二烯‐3β,5α,8α‐三醇(4),灵芝酸DM(5)和Inoscavin A(6)。化合物1、2、3、4、5为首次从Phellinus baumii子实体中获得。对化合物进一步作了体外抗肿瘤实验,结果表明,化合物1、2、4、5、6对肿瘤细胞K562的增殖有不用程度的抑制作用,其抑制率IC50值分别为63.5、10.3、70.6、35.9和3.5μg/m L。化合物5对肿瘤细胞Hep G2也有明显的抑制作用,其抑制率IC50值为50.3μg/m L。     

金叶子中抑制膜结合型PGE2合酶-1表达活性物质的分离与鉴定

在从天然产物筛选抗炎物质的过程中,应用有机溶媒萃取、浓缩及层析分离纯化后,从金叶子中得到三个化合物:槲皮素(1)、番石榴苷(2)、栎素(3).化合物2为首次从此植物中分离鉴定,化合物1显示了强烈的抑制mPGES-1基因表达的活性,其IC50值为35.40μg/mL.     

一株无花果内生真菌及其次生代谢产物

从无花果Ficus carica 叶中分离获得1株具有抗菌活性的内生真菌ZJWCF255,通过形态学和ITS rDNA序列分析将菌种鉴定为炭角菌属Xylaria sp.,其发酵液经活性跟踪分离,采用硅胶柱层析及HPLC等方法获得4个化合物。根据波谱数据,化合物1–4分别鉴定为cytochalasin C、D、Q、R。Cytochalasin Q（3）对11种植物病原真菌均具有较强的抑制活性,对蔓枯病菌的抑制率最强,EC50值为0.04μg/mL。该化合物对3种肿瘤细胞SMMC-772、MCF-7、MGC80-3具有较强体外抑制活性,其IC50值分别为（17.24±2.55）、（7.75±1.37）、（10.30±1.34）μg/mL。首次报道了cytochalasin Q（3）的抗菌活性及对3种肿瘤细胞的体外抑制活性,植物内生真菌是获得抗菌与抗肿瘤活性先导化合物的重要来源。     

Cdc25C在放疗敏感的食管鳞状细胞癌中高表达

目的研究食管鳞状细胞癌组织中Cdc25C的表达与放疗敏感性的关系。方法回顾性分析62例根治性放疗的局部晚期食管鳞状细胞癌患者,根据放疗近期疗效分为放疗敏感组和放疗不敏感组,采用免疫组织化学检测放疗前食管癌组织中Cdc25C表达,分析Cdc25C的表达与放疗敏感性之间的关系。结果食管鳞状细胞癌组织中Cdc25C表达率显著高于癌旁正常上皮组织,放疗敏感组Cdc25C表达率显著高于放疗不敏感组。结论食管鳞状细胞癌组织中Cdc25C高表达与放疗敏感性密切相关,Cdc25C的高表达可能有助于预测肿瘤细胞对放射治疗的敏感性,对于指导食管鳞状细胞癌临床治疗具有重要的参考意义。     

土壤放线菌Streptomyces sp．2215代谢物的分离鉴定及抗肿瘤活性研究

土壤来源的放线菌Streptomyces sp.2215 经发酵罐发酵,培养液经乙酸乙酯提取,硅胶柱层析、C18反相色谱、Sephadex LH-20、及TLC 和HPLC分离纯化得到四个化合物,并通过理化性质,IR,FAB-MS,1H,13C NMR,1H-1HCOSY,HSQC,HMBC等鉴定为单亚砜棘霉素(monosulfoxide quinomycine,1)、棘霉素(echinomycin,2)、喹喔啉-2-羧酸(3)、十六烷酸(4).其中化合物1、2经MTT法测定体外对K562细胞具有抑制活性,其IC50值分别为34.0、1.5 ng/mL.     

西藏芽孢杆菌XZ7中Amicoumacin类抗生素的分离鉴定与生物活性研究

采用UPLC-DAD-MS分析发现西藏当雄土壤来源芽孢杆菌XZ7发酵液中的Amicoumacin类化合物,并利用反相柱层析和高效液相色谱对发现的3个Amicoumacin类化合物进行分离纯化;根据紫外光谱、高分辨质谱和核磁共振波谱数据及文献比对,鉴定3个化合物分别为:Bacilosarcin A(1)、Bacilosarcin B(2)和Bacilosarcin C(3)。抑菌实验结果表明化合物2对表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抑制活性(MIC=4~16μg/m L);细胞毒性测试结果表明化合物1和2对HepG2肿瘤细胞具有较高的抑制作用,其中化合物2抑制作用最强,IC_(50)值为2.8μM。同时,化合物2对MCF-7和He La肿瘤细胞也有较强的细胞毒作用,IC_(50)值分别为6.2μM和4.0μM。     

光裸星虫Cdc25基因的克隆及在卵母细胞中的表达分析

细胞分裂周期蛋白25(cell division cycle 25,Cdc25)是一种重要的双特异性磷酸酶,对卵母细胞减数分裂进程和胚胎发育具有重要的调控作用.本研究利用RACE技术克隆获得了光裸星虫(Sipunculus nudus)Cdc25(Sn-Cdc25)cDNA 全长.Sn-Cdc25全长为4 130 bp,其中3'UTR 为 1 849 bp,5'UTR 为427 bp,开放阅读框为1 854 bp,编码617个氨基酸.序列分析显示,Sn-Cdc25蛋白分子量为69.58kD,具有M相诱导磷酸酶结构域(M-phase inducer phosphatase domain)和硫氰酸酶同源结构域(rhodanese-like domain)两个典型的Cdc25蛋白结构域,以及能催化去磷酸化过程的活性位点序列HCX5R.多序列比对发现Cdc25同源蛋白的C端同源性较N端的高.三级结构预测表明Cdc25同源蛋白及其活性位点的三级结构构象高度相似.motif分析中共发现5个motifs,其中motif 1和motif 2分别为Paxillin LD基序和MYND结构域结合基序.系统进化树分析显示,无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的Cdc25分别聚为两大支.RT-qPCR结果显示,在不同发育时期卵母细胞中,Sni-Cdc25的表达差异显著,具有两个峰值,从卵黄形成初期至卵黄旺盛合成后期(O1～O3)Sn-Cdc25表达量上升可能与Cdc25促进DNA的复制过程相关;而从体腔液中进入到肾管后(O4～O5),表达量的迅速上升可能有利于成熟促进因子(maturation promoting factor,MPF)的活化.研究结果为深入认识星虫动物卵母细胞发育调控机制和优化人工繁育技术积累基础资料.     

Human Cdc25A phosphatase has a non-redundant function in G2 phase by activating Cyclin A-dependent kinases

Cdc25 phosphatases activate Cdk/Cyclin complexes by dephosphorylation and thus promote cell cycle progression. We observed that the peak activity of Cdc25A precedes the one of Cdc25B in prophase and the maximum of Cyclin/Cdk kinase activity. Furthermore, Cdc25A activates both Cdk1-2/Cyclin A and Cdk1/Cyclin B complexes while Cdc25B seems to be involved only in activation of Cdk1/Cyclin B. Concomitantly, repression of Cdc25A led to a decrease in Cyclin A-associated kinase activity and attenuated Cdk1 activation. Our results indicate that Cdc25A acts before Cdc25B - at least in cancer cells, and has non-redundant functions in late G2/early M-phase as a major regulator of Cyclin A/kinase complexes.     

黄牛、牦牛和犏牛睾丸组织中Cdc2、Cdc25A基因mRNA表达水平

黄牛和牦牛远缘杂交后代犏牛雄性不育是牦牛杂交改良中的一大难题。Cdc2和Cdc25A是减数分裂的两个关键基因, 其表达水平的下降将使精子发生不能正常进行, 导致雄性不育。为了探讨Cdc2、Cdc25A基因mRNA表达水平与犏牛雄性不育的关系, 文章采用荧光定量PCR技术对Cdc2和Cdc25A基因的组织表达特征以及在黄牛、牦牛和犏牛睾丸组织中的表达水平进行了分析。结果表明: Cdc2和Cdc25A基因在牦牛各种组织中广泛表达, 说明Cdc2和Cdc25A基因在各种组织细胞分裂和细胞周期运行中均发挥作用; 黄牛和牦牛睾丸组织中Cdc2、Cdc25A基因表达水平均显著高于犏牛(P<0.05), 说明睾丸组织中Cdc2和Cdc25A基因的低表达可能与犏牛雄性不育相关。     

Polo-like kinase 1 regulates mitotic arrest after UV irradiation through dephosphorylation of p53 and inducing p53 degradation

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can result in cell cycle arrest. The reactivation of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is necessary for cell cycle reentry. But the mechanism of how Plk1 regulates p53 in UV-induced mitotic arrest cells remained elusive. Here we find that UV treatment leads HEK293 cells to inverse changes of Plk1 and p53. Over-expression of Plk1 rescue UV-induced mitotic arrest cells by inhibiting p53 activation. Plk1 could also inhibit p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, thus facilitates its nuclear export and degradation. Further examination shows that Plk1, p53 and Cdc25C can form a large complex. Plk1 could bind to the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain of p53 and active Cdc25C by hyperphosphorylation. These results hypothesize that Plk1 and Cdc25C participate in recovery the mitotic arrest through binding to the different domain of p53. Cdc25C may first be actived by Plk1, and then its phosphatase activity makes p53 dephosphorylated at Ser15.     

The role of Cdc25 phosphatases in cell cycle checkpoints

Summary The major driving forces in the eukaryotic cell cycle are the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk). Cdks can be activated through dephosphorylation of inhibitory phosphorylations catalyzed by the Cdc25 phosphatase family. In higher-eukaryotic cells, there exist three Cdc25 family members, Cdc25A, Cdc25B, and Cdc25C. While Cdc25A plays a major role at the G₁-to-S phase transition, Cdc25B and C are required for entry into mitosis. The regulation of Cdc25C is crucial for the operation of the DNA-damage checkpoint. Two protein kinases, Chk1 and Cds1, can be activated in response to DNA damage or in the presence of unreplicated DNA. Chk1 and Cds1 may phosphorylate Cdc25C to prevent entry into mitosis through inhibition of Cdc2 (Cdk1) dephosphorylation.     

人源Cdc25C蛋白的融合表达及纯化

目的:表达并纯化有活性的GST-Cdc25C融合蛋白,以用于Cdc25C功能研究。方法:利用RT-PCR克隆MCF-7细胞的cdc25c全长基因;在大肠杆菌中表达GST-Cdc25C融合蛋白;利用GSH交联的琼脂糖珠纯化GST-Cdc25C融合蛋白;通过体外磷酸酶活性分析检测GST-Cdc25C融合蛋白的磷酸酶活性。结果:克隆获得1465 bp的人源cdc25c全长基因,并克隆至pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体;在原核系统中可溶性表达了相对分子质量约87×103的GST-Cdc25C融合蛋白;通过亲和纯化获得的GST-Cdc25C融合蛋白具有较好的磷酸酶活性。结论:得到了有磷酸酶活性的GST-Cdc25C融合蛋白,可用于后续的Cdc25C功能研究。     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiadiazole amides as potent Cdc25B and PTP1B inhibitors

A series of novel thiadiazole amide derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activities against Cdc25B and PTP1B. Most of them showed inhibitory activities against Cdc25B (IC₅₀ = 1.18–8.01 μg/mL) and PTP1B (IC₅₀ = 0.85–8.75 μg/mL), respectively. Moreover, compounds 5b and 4l were most potent with IC₅₀ values of 1.18 and 0.85 μg/mL for Cdc25B and PTP1B, respectively, compared with reference drugs Na₃VO₄ (IC₅₀ = 0.93 μg/mL) and oleanolic acid (IC₅₀ = 0.85 μg/mL). The results of selectivity experiments showed that the target compounds were selective inhibitors against PTP1B and Cdc25B. Enzyme kinetic experiments demonstrated that compound 5k was a specific inhibitor with the typical characteristics of a mixed inhibitor.     

Cdc25B在小鼠受精卵的表达和定位

为阐明细胞分裂周期(Cdc)25B调控小鼠受精卵发育的机制,利用Western印迹检测小鼠受精卵各时期Cdc25B的表达及Cdc2-Tyr15的磷酸化状态。利用间接免疫荧光技术观察Cdc25B在小鼠受精卵的定位。构建pEGFP-Cdc25B融合表达载体并显微注射到受精卵中,观察Cdc25B在受精卵M期的定位变化。结果表明Cdc25B在G1和S期被磷酸化,在G2和M期去磷酸化。Cdc2-Tyr15在G1和S期处于磷酸化状态,G2期只检测到Cdc2-Tyr15轻微的磷酸化信号,M期未检测到任何Cdc2-Tyr15的磷酸化信号。Cdc25B在G1期定位于细胞质和细胞核中,S和G2期定位于细胞质的皮质部分,M期由细胞质转向核区。证明Cdc25B核输出后激活有丝分裂促进因子,从而启动小鼠受精卵的有丝分裂。     

Pro-apoptotic Role of Cdc25A: ACTIVATION OF CYCLIN B1/Cdc2 BY THE Cdc25A C-TERMINAL DOMAIN*

Cdc25A is a dual specificity protein phosphatase that activates cyclin/cyclin-dependent protein kinase (Cdk) complexes by removing inhibitory phosphates from conserved threonine and tyrosine in Cdks. To address how Cdc25A promotes apoptosis, Jurkat cells were treated with staurosporine, an apoptosis inducer. Upon staurosporine treatment, a Cdc25A C-terminal 37-kDa fragment, designated C37, was generated by caspase cleavage at Asp-223. Thr-507 in C37 became dephosphorylated, which prevented 14-3-3 binding, as shown previously. C37 exhibited higher phosphatase activity than full-length Cdc25A. C37 with alanine substitution for Thr-507 (C37/T507A) that imitated the cleavage product during staurosporine treatment interacted with Cdc2, Cdk2, cyclin A, and cyclin B1 and markedly activated cyclin B1/Cdc2. The dephosphorylation of Thr-507 might expose the Cdc2/Cdk2-docking site in C37. C37/T507A also induced apoptosis in Jurkat and K562 cells, resulting from activating cyclin B1/Cdc2 but not Cdk2. Thus, this study reveals that Cdc25A is a pro-apoptotic protein that amplifies staurosporine-induced apoptosis through the activation of cyclin B1/Cdc2 by its C-terminal domain.     

Human Cdc14A phosphatase modulates the G2/M transition through Cdc25A and Cdc25B

The Cdc14 family of serine-threonine phosphatases antagonizes CDK activity by reversing CDK-dependent phosphorylation events. It is well established that the yeast members of this family bring about the M/G1 transition. Budding yeast Cdc14 is essential for CDK inactivation at the end of mitosis and fission yeast Cdc14 homologue Flp1/Clp1 down-regulates Cdc25 to ensure the inactivation of mitotic CDK complexes to trigger cell division. However, the functions of human Cdc14 homologues remain poorly understood. Here we have tested the hypothesis that Cdc14A might regulate Cdc25 mitotic inducers in human cells. We found that increasing levels of Cdc14A delay entry into mitosis by inhibiting Cdk1-cyclin B1 activity. By contrast, lowering the levels of Cdc14A accelerates mitotic entry. Biochemical analyses revealed that Cdc14A acts through key Cdk1-cyclin B1 regulators. We observed that Cdc14A directly bound to and dephosphorylated Cdc25B, inhibiting its catalytic activity. Cdc14A also regulated the activity of Cdc25A at the G2/M transition. Our results indicate that Cdc14A phosphatase prevents premature activation of Cdk1 regulating Cdc25A and Cdc25B at the entry into mitosis.