病毒疫苗制备用不同核型VERO细胞系在裸鼠体内致癌/致瘤性的系统实验研究

生产疫苗用细胞系可能具有致瘤性,一些常用的细胞系需要检查不同代次有无致癌性。在建立传代细胞种子库与工作库基础上,对研制生产病毒活疫苗所用8株VERO细胞系在219只裸鼠进行了致癌(瘤)实验。本研究结果表明,VERO细胞染色体核型可发生变异,亚四倍体JA株与超二倍体KA株具有强的致癌性,不能用于致弱活病毒疫苗制备,但可替代HeLa细胞系用作恶性肿瘤阳性对照细胞。筛出无致瘤性的YB、dC、M和JB株亚二倍体VERO细胞系,可替代BHK-21细胞用于狂犬病减毒活疫苗制备。VERO细胞系染色体遗传相对稳定。不同代次变化不大。研究发现细胞染色体遗传特征决定致瘤性质并具有种属特异性,不同核型细胞致瘤性不同,细胞染色体数目变异大小和致癌性成正相关,通过体内外交替选育可在裸鼠体内快速选育成功高变异率肿瘤细胞系。高变异率HeLa或VERO细胞系移植于裸鼠可能产生恶性横纹肌样瘤。因此,应当强调疫苗生产用细胞系致瘤性评价的重要性。     

流感病毒在Vero细胞系与MDCK细胞系增殖条件的比较

目的研究流感病毒H1N1及其他亚型在Vero细胞系和MDCK细胞系高效增殖的最适条件,比较两种细胞系对流感病毒的敏感性差异及影响敏感性差异的条件。方法在培养好的Vero细胞系与MDCK细胞系用不同的病毒感染复数(M.O.I)、胰酶浓度、病毒吸附时间、病毒维持液血清质量浓度等条件进行流感病毒在细胞上的增殖。结果在M.O.I为0.01接种流感病毒,吸附时间为1 h,胰酶质量浓度2μg/mL,血清质量浓度为8%时,流感病毒血凝素在MDCK细胞系可获得较高的滴度。结论 MDCK细胞系是适于流感病毒培养的细胞,它作为生产新型流感病毒疫苗的主要细胞基质需要进一步的研究。     

横纹肌样瘤的起源研究——高变异率BHK-21细胞致裸鼠产生恶性横纹肌样瘤的实验研究

横纹肌样瘤（ＲＴ）的起源迄今仍是世界上悬而未决的重大难题。第一例ＲＴ发现于肾脏。但迄今发现的ＲＴ均难以复制成功。在纯化３代的肿瘤阴性对照猫肾和犬肾原代细胞皮下接种裸鼠的致癌／致瘤率为０％（０／３２）,肿瘤阳性对照Ｈｅｌａ细胞皮下接种裸鼠产生进行性生长恶性肿瘤的比率为１００％（４０／４０）的前提下,ＢＨＫ－２１细胞皮下接种裸鼠均产生进行性生长的恶性肿瘤（６５／６５）,其中染色体众数为４０±２（比率５８％～６８％）的ＫＡ株致ＲＴ比率为５２．３８％（１１／２１）,具有两个染色体众数４０±２（比率４１％～５３．５）和７２±２（比率３１％～３５％）的ＹＡ株致ＲＴ的比率为８３．３３％（１０／１２）,染色体众数为７３±３（比率４２％～５０％）的成瘤细胞体外再培养ＮＭ２８／ＹＡ株致ＲＴ的比率为７１．４３％（１５／２１）,染色体众数为４２（比率２８％～３０％）的Ｍ株致ＲＴ的比率为０％（０／１０）,致形态类似于分化比较好的平滑肌肉瘤的恶性肿瘤的比率为１００％（１０／１０）,可见ＢＨＫ－２１细胞不能用作病毒活疫苗培养基质,可替代Ｈｅｌａ细胞用作恶性肿瘤阳性对照细胞。高变异率ＢＨＫ－２１细胞株皮下接种无胸腺裸鼠大多产生恶性ＲＴ（２６／４２）,但要求完形活细胞接种量要大（２～９×１０７／鼠）,肿瘤产生迅速,生长快速,血管丰富,供血充分,接种细胞后１０～２０天或２～３周肿瘤长径×短径均值基本达到３０ｍｍ×２０ｍｍ标准。其它高变异率细胞系接种丧失免疫机能的无菌实验动物,如环境条件和生长状况达到上述标准,理当可能产生恶性ＲＴ。ＲＴ在模型动物体内的首次发现和成功复制,为弄清ＲＴ的起源问题提供了机会。可见,肾上皮是恶性ＲＴ的重要起源组织,本研究开辟了ＲＴ起源研究的新阶段。克隆出致ＲＴ的高变异率ＢＨＫ－２１细胞株,建立ＲＴ裸鼠模型,并应用于ＲＴ的临床诊断防治或进一步探索,都具有重大意义。     

一株新的人肾癌原代细胞系的建立及其生物学特性鉴定

目的:取肾癌病人标本建立一株新的人肾癌细胞系,初步对该细胞系进行鉴定,为进一步的肾癌基础研究提供实验模型.方法:2008-2009年间共采集20例肾癌新鲜手术标本,于手术后1 h内将每例标本切取四块0.5cm× 0.5 cm× 0.5 cm组织块,分别包埋于2只裸鼠的右后肢皮下及背部皮下,连续传代3次,取移植瘤体外培养,记录细胞株的生长曲线,测定细胞集落形成率,对细胞进行DNA含量测定,进行染色体分析及病理学检查.结果:其中1只裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长,继续传代,肿瘤生长速度明显加快.取移植瘤标本体外培养得到肾癌细胞系XJG-9201.形态结构,分化程度与原发瘤一致,染色体众数为65.细胞群体倍增时间为38.2h,细胞周期分析G1期62.7%,G2期11.2%,S1期25.3%,集落形成率为70%.结论:肾癌细胞系XJG-9201与原发癌保持相同的生物学特性,体外连续传代1年以上传115代.细胞形态不变,生长周期恒定,已成为一个稳定的细胞系.     

小鼠L833细胞系及亚系标记染色体分析

粒细胞白血病细胞系L₈₃₃是由小鼠垃细胞白血病L₈₀₁的骨髓细胞经体外液体培养建立起来的体外细胞系,L₈₃₃-A和L₈₃₃-B是从L₈₃₃分离出的亚系。L₈₃₃、 L₈₃₃-A和L₈₃₃-B细胞系及亚系核型分析采用胰蛋白酶消化、姬姆萨染色分带技术。结果显示L₈₃₃细胞系核型与L₈₀₁瘤株核型相同,染色体数量为亚二倍体,众数为39条,Y染色体丢失和存在一个大的标记染色体（Mr). L₈₃₃-A和L₈₃₃-B亚系各存在另一条标记染色体Mra和Mrb,同时标记染色体Mr仍然存在在L₈₃₃-A和L₈₃₃-B两个亚系内。     

家蚕胚胎细胞系BmE-SWU2的建立及其生物学特性研究

家蚕反转期胚胎组织经过一年多的原代培养,建立了BmE-SWU2细胞系。该细胞系细胞呈短梭形或圆形,细胞较小,属上皮型贴壁生长细胞系;细胞生长速度快,铺平率高于80%,繁殖力强,细胞群体倍增时间为51.8 h。BmE-SWU2细胞系的二倍体细胞（2n=56）比例达到89.76％,属二倍体细胞系,其染色体具有鳞翅目昆虫染色体的典型特征,中期染色体呈短杆状或颗粒状。BmE-SWU2细胞系对BmNPV高度敏感,TCID₅₀为1.581×10^-7。     

小鼠L833细胞系及亚系标记染色体分析

粒细胞白血病细胞系L_(833)是由小鼠粒细胞白血病L_(801)的骨髓细胞经体外液体培养建立起来的体外细胞系,L_(833)-A和L_(833)-B是从L_(833)分离出的亚系。L_(833)、L_(833)-A和L_(833)-B细胞系及亚系核型分析采用胰蛋白酶消化、姬姆萨染色分带技术。结果显示L_(833)细胞系核型与L_(801)瘤株核型相同,染色体数量为亚二倍体,众数为39条,Y染色体丢失和存在一个大的标记染色体(Mr).L_(833)-A和L_(833)-B亚系各存在另一条标记染色体Mra和Mrb,同时标记染色体Mr仍然存在在L_(833)-A和L_(833)-B两个亚系内。     

Wistar大鼠自发性乳腺肿瘤细胞系的建立及其生物学特性

目的 从Wistar大鼠自发性乳腺肿瘤中分离出乳腺肿瘤细胞系(ZHL2006),并对其进行鉴定,为动物模型的开发、肿瘤发病机制的探讨提供有价值的线索.方法 对一例Wistar大鼠自发性乳腺腺癌瘤组织进行培养.对传代培养细胞进行细胞生长曲线测定、细胞形态结构分析、细胞染色体分析,检测广谱细胞角蛋白(PCK)表达、软琼脂集落形成实验等检测.将细胞接种于10只裸鼠,并对形成的肿瘤进行病理组织学检查,并进行分离培养.结果 ZHL2006细胞在体外生长迅速,群体倍增时间为43.6 h;倒置显微镜及Giemsa染色镜下观察细胞为多边形及梭形;透射电镜观察可见细胞表面有微绒毛,核高度不规则,核浆比例增大,核仁明显等;染色体数目和结构异常,具有癌细胞特性.广谱细胞角蛋白(PCK)染色阳性,说明其自上皮而非来自基质;同时ZHL2006细胞系在软琼脂中可形成克隆,具裸鼠致瘤性.该乳腺肿瘤细胞系经体外长期培养后已形成永生化细胞系,并具有明显的恶性细胞表型.裸鼠接种实验成功率为6/10,复制肿瘤细胞和原发肿瘤形态结构一致,细胞培养形态结构一致.结论 本研究成功的建立了大鼠乳腺肿瘤细胞系,该细胞系具有典型的恶性肿瘤特征,能应用于裸鼠并成功复制出乳腺肿瘤模型.     

一株人乳头瘤病毒阳性的新的食管癌细胞系的建立及鉴定

为了探讨人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)与上消化道肿瘤食管癌关系,从食管癌高发区安阳市取到一例76岁的中国女性食管鳞癌患者肿瘤组织。通过直接SCID小鼠致瘤实验,可长成移植瘤。取出组织做组织培养并多次纯化传代筛选后,成均一单层细胞。分别进行免疫荧光,细胞生长曲线,软琼脂鉴定,染色体分析,细胞致瘤实验及瘤体切片HE染色等确定是上皮细胞来源的癌细胞。利用细胞STR分型结果显示,基因座均未出现三等位基因现象,无人类细胞交叉污染。对细胞DNA分析发现存在HPV18型的DNA。利用蛋白检测实验发现有HPV病毒癌蛋白表达。结果表明,所建细胞株为有HPV核酸存在并能表达病毒癌蛋白的新的食管鳞癌细胞株。为我们进行食管癌的发生发展的病因学研究提供了新的细胞学材料。     

肾综合征出血热双价纯化疫苗（Vero细胞）安全性的研究

在肾综合征出血热（HFRS）双价纯化疫苗（Vero细胞）的研制中,对病毒培养用Vero细胞致瘤性和试制疫苗的过敏原性进行了动物实验研究,结果表明,病毒培养用Vero细胞无致瘤性,三批试制疫苗无过敏原性。说明用Vero细胞为培养介质的HFRS双价纯化疫苗是安全的。     

Carcinogenesis or tumourigenicity testing of animal cell lines for vaccine preparation by colony formation on soft agar and by agglutination under plant lectins

The carcinogenic or tumourigenic testing of seven animal kidney cell lines (F-81, CRFK, MDCK, Vero, Vero-2 cell line, MA-104 and BHK-21) established in China, were carried out in more than 700 nude mice for colony formation in soft agar and for agglutination under different density of plant lectins. Tests showed that there were correlation between cell line chromosome number variations and anchorage independence in soft agar, agglutinability under lectins and tumour-forming ability in nude mice. Since testing in vitro was more economical, simpler and faster and thus thought to be more reliable, we recommend measuring agglutinability, followed by anchorage independence or analysis of karyotype as the initial means for monitoring tumourigenicity of animal cell lines in nude mice.     

MDCK and Vero cells for influenza virus vaccine production: a one-to-one comparison up to lab-scale bioreactor cultivation

Over the last decade, adherent MDCK (Madin Darby canine kidney) and Vero cells have attracted considerable attention for production of cell culture-derived influenza vaccines. While numerous publications deal with the design and the optimization of corresponding upstream processes, one-to-one comparisons of these cell lines under comparable cultivation conditions have largely been neglected. Therefore, a direct comparison of influenza virus production with adherent MDCK and Vero cells in T-flasks, roller bottles, and lab-scale bioreactors was performed in this study. First, virus seeds had to be adapted to Vero cells by multiple passages. Glycan analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein showed that for influenza A/PR/8/34 H1N1, three passages were sufficient to achieve a stable new N-glycan fingerprint, higher yields, and a faster increase to maximum HA titers. Compared to MDCK cells, virus production in serum-free medium with Vero cells was highly sensitive to trypsin concentration. Virus stability at 37 °C for different virus strains showed differences depending on medium, virus strain, and cell line. After careful adjustment of corresponding parameters, comparable productivity was obtained with both host cell lines in small-scale cultivation systems. However, using these cultivation conditions in lab-scale bioreactors (stirred tank, wave bioreactor) resulted in lower productivities for Vero cells.     

Evaluation of tumorigenic potential of high yielding cloned MDCK cells for live-attenuated influenza vaccine using in vitro growth characteristics,metastatic gene expression and in vivo nude mice model

Several mammalian cell lines, including Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells have been approved by regulators for manufacturing of human vaccines. A new MDCK 9B9-1E4 cloned cell line has been created which is capable of producing live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) with high yield. This cell line was shown to be non tumorigenic in eight week old adult athymic nude mouse model. This property is desirable for vaccine production and is unique to this cell line and is not known to be shared by other MDCK cell lines that are currently used for vaccine production. This significant difference in tumorigenic phenotype required further characterization of this cell line to ensure its safety for use in vaccine production. This is particularly important for LAIV production where it is not possible to incorporate a virus inactivation and/or removal step during manufacturing. Characterization of this cell line included extensive adventitious agent testing, tumorigenicity and oncogenicity assessment studies. Here, we describe the development of tumorigenic MDCK cell lines for use as positive controls and in vitro methods to aid in the evaluation of the tumorigenicity of MDCK 9B9-1E4 cloned cells. Tumorigenic MDCK cells were successfully generated following Hras and cMyc oncogene transfection of MDCK 9B9-1E4 cloned cells. In this study we demonstrate the lack of tumorigenic potential of the MDCK 9B9-1E4 cloned cell line in adult athymic nude mice model.     

Isolation of feline parvovirus from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cats in northern Vietnam.

Feline parvovirus (FPV) was isolated rather frequently from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cats in northern Vietnam by coculturing with MYA-1 cells (an interleukin-2-dependent feline T lymphoblastoid cell line) or Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) cells (a feline renal cell line). Efficiency of virus isolation was higher in MYA-1 cells than in CRFK cells. Interestingly, among the 17 cats from which FPV was isolated, 9 cats were positive for virus neutralizing (VN) antibody against FPV, indicating that FPV infected PBMCs and was not eliminated from PBMCs even in the presence of VN antibodies in the cats.     

MDCK细胞微载体悬浮培养放大工艺研究

MDCK细胞对各种流感病毒具有高度敏感性,广泛应用于流感病毒的分离和疫苗制备.通过探索培养基中促进细胞贴壁的关键组分,并筛选水解物,开发了适合MDCK细胞生长的低血清培养基.发现钙、镁离子是细胞贴壁不可缺少的物质,麦麸水解物可以部分代替培养基中的血清.利用该低血清培养基,经过消化转移将MDCK细胞从5L反应器放大至25 L反应器,微载体上细胞贴附均匀、生长旺盛,25 L反应器中培养48 h细胞密度可达30.5×105 cells/ml.研究结果为工业规模反应器微载体悬浮培养MDCK细胞生产流感病毒奠定了基础.     

Junctional adhesion molecule 1 is a functional receptor for feline calicivirus

The life cycle of calicivirus is not fully understood because most of the viruses cannot be propagated in tissue culture cells. We studied the mechanism of calicivirus entry into cells using feline calicivirus (FCV), a cultivable calicivirus. From the cDNA library of Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells, feline junctional adhesion molecule 1 (JAM-1), an immunoglobulin-like protein present in tight junctions, was identified as a cellular-binding molecule of the FCV F4 strain, a prototype strain in Japan. Feline JAM-1 expression in nonpermissive hamster lung cells led to binding and infection by F4 and all other strains tested. An anti-feline JAM-1 antibody reduced the binding of FCV to permissive CRFK cells and strongly suppressed the cytopathic effect (CPE) and FCV progeny production in infected cells. Some strains of FCV, such as F4 and F25, have the ability to replicate in Vero cells. We found that regardless of replication ability, FCV bound to Vero and 293T cells via simian and human JAM-1, respectively. In Vero cells, an anti-human JAM-1 antibody inhibited binding, CPE, and progeny production by F4 and F25. In addition, feline JAM-1 expression permitted FCV infection in 293T cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that feline JAM-1 is a functional receptor for FCV, simian JAM-1 also functions as a receptor for some strains of FCV, and the interaction between FCV and JAM-1 molecules may be a determinant of viral tropism. This is the first report concerning a functional receptor for the viruses in the family Caliciviridae.     

恶性横纹肌样瘤（MRT）的起源研究——高变异率HeLa细胞致裸鼠产生MRT的实验研究

HeLa细胞KB株、X株、NM20／X株、H株的染色体众数依次为60±3（超二倍体）、62±3（超二倍体）、68±3（超二倍体和亚四倍体）和78±2（亚四倍体）,所占比率分别为72%～76%,69%,52%和40%。在纯化3代的肿瘤阴性对照二倍体猫肾（染色体众数38所占比率80%）和犬肾原代细胞皮下接种裸鼠的致癌／致瘤率分别为0%（0／22）和0%（0／10）,X株HeLa细胞冻融裂解物皮下接种裸鼠产生进行性缩小肿瘤的比率为20%（1／5）的前提下,HeLa细胞KB株、X株、NM20／X株皮下接种裸鼠产生进行性生长恶性肿瘤的比率分别为100%（10／ 10）,100%（25／25）和100%（5／5）,H株细胞皮下接种裸鼠产生恶性肿瘤的比率为50%（5／10）。其中,只有HeLa细胞KB株10～11代（染色体结构畸变率高达20%,出现18%双着丝点和2%断片）以超高数量接种的1组4只裸鼠（0.17ml12.75×10