恶臭假单胞菌NA-1菌株烟酸羟基化酶活性的诱导和转化条件的研究

恶臭假单胞菌NA-1菌株的培养和产酶特性与已报道的产酶菌株粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratiamarcescens)IFO12648和荧光假单胞菌(Psudomonasfluorescens)TN5有所不同,主要反映在最适碳源及浓度、最适诱导剂浓度和最适培养温度等方面。最适的转化条件是温度为30℃,pH为7.0,烟酸的浓度为3%。采用初步优化后的条件和流加底物的方式进行4L上罐生产,恶臭假单胞菌NA-1菌株的6-羟基烟酸产率可达到108.39gL。     

恶臭假单胞菌NA_1菌株烟酸羟基化酶活性的诱导和转化条件的研究

恶臭假单胞菌NA_1菌株的培养和产酶特性与已报道的产酶菌株粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens) IFO 12648和荧光假单胞菌(Psudomonas fluorescens) TN5有所不同, 主要反映在最适碳源及浓度、最适诱导剂浓度和最适培养温度等方面。最适的转化条件是温度为30℃,pH为7.0, 烟酸的浓度为3％。采用初步优化后的条件和流加底物的方式进行4L上罐生产,恶臭假单胞菌NA_1菌株的6_羟基烟酸产率可达到108.39g/L。     

一株烟酸羟基化转化菌株的筛选和鉴定

从南京地区的土壤中筛选到一株高效转化烟酸为 6_羟基烟酸的菌株NA_1。形态及生理生化特征测定结果表明 ,NA_1菌株与假单胞菌属 (Pseudomonas)中的恶臭假单胞菌 (P .putida)种的特征基本一致。测定了该菌株的16SrDNA序列并根据 16SrDNA构建了系统发育树 ;在系统发育树中 ,NA_1菌株与恶臭假单胞菌形成一个类群 ,序列同源性为 99%。因此将NA_1菌株鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌     

产芳香腈水解酶的恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida CGMCC3830的筛选、鉴定及发酵优化(英文)

近年来微生物腈水解酶水解腈类化合物制备有机酸已逐步受到关注。本研究分离到一株表现出较高腈水解酶活力的细菌菌株,通过形态学、生理生化实验以及16S rRNA基因序列分析将其鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida CGMCC3830。结合单因素及响应面法对该菌株产腈水解酶的发酵条件进行了优化,获得最适培养条件为:甘油13.54 g/L,胰蛋白胨11.59 g/L,酵母粉5.21 g/L,KH2PO4 1 g/L,NaCl 1 g/L,脲1 g/L,初始pH 6.0及培养温度30℃。通过优化,酶活由2.02 U/mL提升至36.12 U/mL。对该菌株底物特异性的考察结果表明,恶臭假单胞菌腈水解酶对芳香族腈类化合物具有较高的水解活力。将其应用于烟酸的生物合成中,2 mg/mL游离细胞能90 min内将20.8 g/L 3-氰基吡啶彻底转化,制备得到相应烟酸。这些结果表明恶臭假单胞菌P.putida CGMCC3830在烟酸的规模化生产中具有一定的应用潜力。     

一株高效催化烟酸羟化反应菌株的筛选及鉴定

为开发生物法生产6-羟基烟酸,利用快速筛选方法从多个地区的土壤中筛到了一株能高效羟化烟酸为6-羟基烟酸的菌株BK-1,可以用菌体催化得到高纯度的6-羟基烟酸.通过对菌株BK-1形态观察和16S rDNA同源性分析,构建了系统发育树,BK-1菌株与Pseudomonas plecoglos-sicida形成一个类群,且有99.7%的同源性,初步判定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas).     

外源质粒电击转入Pseudomonas putida的条件研究

以自行筛选的恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）(命名为Rs198,Genbank登录号为FJ788425）为受体菌,将具有卡那霉素抗性标记的大肠杆菌假单胞菌穿梭质粒PDSK519通过电转化法导入到受体菌中,对细胞生长状态、电转化温度、质粒DNA及感受态细胞浓度、电击电压及电转化介质给予转化效率的影响进行研究。结果表明,在细胞生长至OD600为0.5左右时收集菌体,在低温条件下制备浓度为 4.6×1012/ml 的感受态细胞,以0.3mol/L的蔗糖为电转化介质,在13kV/cm的场强下电击能获得较高的转化效率,最高可达1.3×107个转化子/μ g DNA。为构建恶臭假单胞的遗传转化系统,利用基因工程手段为该菌的进一步研究奠定了理论基础。     

恶臭假单胞菌中3-酮脂酰ACP还原酶FabG5是脂肪酸合成关键酶

3-酮脂酰ACP还原酶(FabG)催化脂肪酸合成中的第一步还原反应,是细菌生长的关键酶之一.恶臭假单胞菌在环境污染治理和工业聚羟基脂肪酸(PHA)的生产中,都具有重要的应用价值.生物信息学分析显示,恶臭假单胞菌基因组编码6个FabG同源蛋白质,与大肠杆菌FabG相比较,PpFabG5序列相似性最高(76.5%),其他几个PpFabG也都具有较高的序列相似性(约50%).除PpFabG4之外,其他的同源蛋白质都具有催化活性位点和N端辅因子结合位点.为研究恶臭假单胞菌中这6个FabG同源蛋白质的生物学功能,本文进行了异体遗传互补、体外酶学活性分析、体内基因敲除与突变株性状分析等研究.结果显示,只有PpfabG1、PpfabG3、PpfabG5能恢复大肠杆菌fabG温度敏感突变株CL104在42℃时生长,其中PpfabG1互补株生长较弱.而在体外活性检测中,PpFabG1、PpFabG3和PpFabG5在脂肪酸合成起始反应和延伸反应中都具有催化活性,但PpFabG1活性较弱,PpFabG6仅在起始反应中具有催化活性. PpfabG5是恶臭假单胞菌生长的必需基因,不能被敲除,而其他几个PpfabG基因敲除后不影响菌体的生长,突变株的脂肪酸组成与野生菌也无差异.但PpfabG1、PpfabG2敲除后菌体的运动性下降,PpfabG3、PpfabG6突变影响了生物被膜的合成量,而PpfabG4、PpfabG6敲除突变株对H2O2的耐受性增强,表明这些基因具有不同的生理功能,可能在菌体的不同逆境中发挥作用.     

3种假单胞菌CaCl2法感受态细胞制备及转化条件

假单胞菌因其生境和代谢类型的多样性,在污染环境修复、生物转化、生物防治等领域具有广阔的应用潜力;外源基因的导入是假单胞菌遗传改造的重要环节,而感受态细胞的制备和转化方法的建立是导入外源基因的重要方法学基础.本研究以从石油污染土壤中分离筛选的假单胞菌属的3个菌株Pseudomonas putida TS11、P.stutzeri DNB、P.mendocina JJ12为对象,通过3因素4水平正交实验设计,研究了不同CaCl2浓度、热激时间及复苏时间对不同假单胞菌感受态细胞制备及转化效率的影响.结果表明:CaCl2浓度是影响假单胞菌转化效率的最主要因素(P＜0.05),且在制备感受态细胞之前用无菌蒸馏水多次洗涤菌体细胞,转化率明显提高.3种假单胞菌的CaCl2转化优化条件分别为:100 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,热激3 min,复苏1.5 h;50 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,热激6 min,复苏1.5 h;75 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,热激4.5 min,复苏0.5h.在上述转化条件下,3种假单胞菌的外源质粒转化效率均达到105个转化子·μg-1DNA水平.     

一株将甜菊苷转化为甜茶甙的细菌鉴定及转化特性

摘要：【目的】筛选一株对甜菊苷具有特异转化性能的细菌,并对该菌及转化产物进行鉴定,探讨转化酶及酶对甜菊苷的转化特性。【方法】通过16S rDNA序列分析,构建该菌系统进化树,结合菌体形态及菌落特征,确立该菌系统发育学地位。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）及液质联用（LC－MS）法检测并鉴定转化产物。用菌液直接对甜菊苷进行转化以研究菌的转化能力。用静息细胞、胞外液和胞内液对甜菊糖分别转化法,确定转化酶与菌体的关系,并用该酶液进行转化特性研究。【结果】该菌株与黄杆菌属的16S rDNA序列相似性为99%,结合菌体     

6-羟基烟酸3-单加氧酶(NicC)催化反应机理研究

恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)KT2440中的6-羟基烟酸(6HNA)3-单加氧酶(NicC)是烟酸代谢过程中的关键酶。NicC通过在吡啶环上加羟基对吡啶环进行活化,从而使吡啶环可在双加氧酶催化下开环,最终被完全降解。通过去除NicC的N端稀有密码子增加了NicC的表达量,进一步利用Ni-Sepharose重力柱对NicC进行了纯化。通过实验发现,NicC的最适反应温度为30～40℃,最适反应pH为8.0。Cd~(2+)对NicC的酶活有明显的抑制作用。当NADH的浓度为0.25mmol/L时,底物6HNA所对应的NicC的最大酶活为14.1U/mg,K_m值为51.8μmol/L;当6HNA的浓度为0.25mmol/L时,底物NADH所对应的NicC的最大酶活为10.79U/mg,K_m值为15.0μmol/L。通过HPLC和LC-MS分析表明,NicC可以在NADH和氧气的参与下催化6HNA转化生成2,5-二羟基吡啶(2,5-DHP)和甲酸,还可以将对羟基苯甲酸转化生成对苯二酚。同位素标记实验表明,产物2,5-DHP中的氧原子来源于参与反应的氧气。为研究吡啶类化合物微生物代谢提供了理论基础。     

A Combined Hydroxylation of 3‐Cyanopyridine to 3‐Cyano‐6‐hydroxypyridine and 6‐Hydroxynicotinic Acid by Resting Cells of Comamonas testosteroni JA1 Grown on Nicotinic Acid

A strain of Comamonas testosteroni JA1 known for its capacity to hydroxylate 3‐cyanopyridine to 3‐cyano‐6‐hydroxypyridine was found to be also capable to hydroxylate nicotinic acid at a higher rate. In the course of the induced cultivation the forming 6‐hydroxynicotinic acid was degraded either slightly, in the presence of nicotinic acid in the medium, or faster, in the absence of nicotinic acid. In a combined process of hydroxylation of nicotinic acid by growing culture and hydroxylation of 3‐cyanopyridine by resting cells of Comamonas testosteroni JA1, not only an additional amount of 50.38 g of solid 6‐hydroxynicotinic acid was produced from 1 L of cultivation broth with a 99.97 % molar conversion yield, but also the yield of 3‐cyano‐6‐hydroxypyridine produced was more than doubled. This can be compared to that of the resting cells from the induced cultivation broth where within 8 h an amount of 5.77 g of solid 3‐cyano‐6‐hydroxypyridine was produced by resting cells from 1 L of the cultivation broth. This also was superior to 4.39 g/L of cultivation broth of resting cells reported in the literature.     

Bioelectrochemical transformation of nicotinic acid into 6-hydroxynicotinic acid on Pseudomonas fluorescens TN5-immobilized column electrolytic flow system

Pseudomonas fluorescens TN5 catalyzes the hydroxylation of nicotinic acid (NA) into 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6HNA), an important compound as a starting material for the synthesis of a new type of pesticides. Under aerobic conditions, however, 6HNA is metabolized in the P. fluorescens cells. The use of Fe(CN)₆³⁻ as an extracellular electron acceptor enhances the biotransformation of NA into 6HNA and completely suppresses the subsequent oxidation of 6HNA. The function of the P. fluorescens cell was combined with the electrode process by immobilizing the P. fluorescens cells on the carbon fiber electrode surface in the column, where Fe(CN)₆³⁻ was used as an electron transfer mediator. Continuous-flow electrolysis of NA in the presence of Fe(CN)₆³⁻ at the P. fluorescens-immobilized column electrode realized the accelerated and complete transformation of NA into 6HNA without any by-product.     

Molybdenum-dependent degradation of nicotinic acid by Bacillus sp. DSM 2923

Abstract Growth of Bacillus sp. DSM 2923 on nicotinic acid in mineral medium was dependent on the concentration of sodium molybdate added. Addition of increasing amounts of tungstate to the medium resulted in an inhibition of growth on nicotinic acid or 6-hydroxynicotinic acid as sole source of carbon and energy. Chlorate-resistant mutants were isolated which were not able to degrade nicotinic acid and 6-hydroxynicotinic acid nor to reduce nitrate. Additionally, enzyme activities of nicotinic acid dehydrogenase and 6-hydroxynicotinic acid dehydrogenase increased with increasing concentrations of molybdate (10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁶ M) added to the medium, and decreased with increasing amounts of tungstate (10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁵ M) in the medium.     

Enhanced hydroxylation of imidacloprid by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</Emphasis> upon addition of sucrose

Sucrose’s ability to promote the hydroxylation of imidacloprid (IMI) by bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain CGMCC 1.1788 was examined. Both growing culture and resting cells could transform IMI into 5-hydroxy IMI. Adding 2% sucrose to the growing culture transformation broth and 5% sucrose to the resting cell transformation broth resulted in biotransformation yields, respectively, 2.5 and 9 times greater than without sucrose. In the growing culture transformation, sucrose increased biomass, which led to enhance hydroxylation of IMI. In the resting cell transformation, sucrose was used not as a carbon source but as an energy source for cofactor regeneration for hydroxylation of IMI. The hydroxylation activity of IMI was promoted eightfold by adding reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to the cell-free extract. The hydroxylation of IMI was significantly inhibited by P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide. It seems that the hydroxylation of IMI by S. maltophilia CGMCC 1.1788 might proceed through a system by cooperating with P450 enzyme.     

基于微孔板的高通量筛选6-羟基烟酸转化菌方法的建立

建立了一种基于96孔板-酶标仪的双波长紫外分光光度法高通量筛选6-羟基烟酸转化菌的方法.实验以251nm为测定波长、231nm为参比波长测定转化样品的6-羟基烟酸含量,6-羟基烟酸与△A251-231在0.5～11 μg/mL浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,服从朗伯-比尔定律,平均回收率为99.11%～100.81%.利用96孔板-酶标仪,每天筛选量可达到2000～5000个反应,达到高通量筛选要求.     

Isolation of new 6-methylnicotinic-acid-degrading bacteria, one of which catalyses the regioselective hydroxylation of nicotinic acid at position C2

2-Hydroxynicotinic acid is an important building block for herbicides and pharmaceuticals. Enrichment strategies to increase the chances of finding microorganisms capable of hydroxylating at the C2 position and to avoid the degradation of nicotinic acid via the usual intermediate, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, were used. Three bacterial strains (Mena 23/3–3c, Mena 25/4–1, and Mena 25/ 4–3) were isolated from enrichment cultures with 6-methylnicotinic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy. Partial characterization of these strains indicated that they represent new bacterial species. All three strains completely degraded 6-methylnicotinic acid, and evidence is presented that the first step in the degradation pathway of strain Mena 23/3–3c is hydroxylation at the C2 position. Resting cells of this strain grown on 6-methylnicotinic acid also hydroxylated nicotinic acid at the C2 position, but did not further degrade the product. Strain Mena 23/ 3–3c showed the highest degree of 16S rRNA sequence similarity to members of the genera Ralstonia and Burkholderia. Received: 4 April 1997 / Accepted: 10 June 1997     

Isolation of a benzoate-utilizing Pseudomonas strain from soil and production of catechol from benzoate by transpositional mutants

Pseudomonas sp. Ba-0511 was isolated from soil by enrichment cultivation on a medium containing 6 mg/ml of sodium benzoate. The bacterium could grow on a medium containing 20 mg/ml of sodium benzoate by a successive enrichment culture. One hundred and twelve transpositional mutants of the bacterium produced catechol from benzoate and accumulated it outside of the cells. Among the mutants, strain BA+63 produced a maximal amount of catechol (2.3 mg/ml) from 6 mg/ml of sodium benzoate after growing for 10.5 h. The conversion rate of benzoate to catechol was 50% on a molar basis. The catechol production by the resting cells increased in the presence of glycerol, and the maximal amount of catechol produced from 6 mg/ml of sodium benzoate reached 3.3 mg/ml at the conversion rate of 72% after 5 h of incubation. The resting cells converted m-methylbenzoic acid to 3- and 4-methylcatechol and m-chlorobenzoic acid to 3- and 4-chlorocatechol.