中国锄足蟾科五个新种

通过整理四川、贵州、湖北的锄足蟾科动物标本,发现有五个新种:四种齿蟾Oreolalax和一种齿突蟾(曾名为“短齿蟾”)Scutiger。其中两个齿蟾新种的蝌蚪(包括将完成变态的幼蟾)曾被描述发表过,为未定种名的“短齿蟾”蝌蚪(刘、胡,1960);现在已发现成体,并在本文内予以定种名。所有模式标本均保存于成都四川生物研究所。     

宁陕齿突蟾的补充描述及地理分布探讨

对采自河南省伏牛山区的角蟾科成体标本和蝌蚪进行形态学观察、测量和统计分析,并依据分子生物学比较结果,确定该标本为宁陕齿突蟾Scutiger ningshanensis.对其进行再研究发现,宁陕齿突蟾伏牛山居群与模式产地居群的主要特征共同之处为,吻端钝圆;瞳孔纵裂;肩背部前方有长方形深褐色斑,背部大疣粒断续相连形成4条纵行肤褶.补充描述了伏牛山居群的形态学特征和生态习性,伏牛山居群雌雄蟾的胸部均有两对密布角质刺的胸腺;雄蟾前臂粗壮,前臂内侧密布黑色角质刺;第1～3指着生黑色婚刺;雌蟾腋下散布大量白色疣粒;成熟卵径3 mm、动物极黄灰色、植物极乳黄色;5月中旬至6月为繁殖季节;蝌蚪发育需越冬.宁陕齿突蟾在河南伏牛山的发现,使角蟾科动物的分布向东延伸了近4个经度.     

贵州黑洞内红点齿蟾组织和器官的碳氮稳定同位素分析

应用稳定同位素技术对贵州黑洞红点齿蟾组织和器官的δ13C、δ15N同位素组成进行了研究。结果显示,其胃肠、肌肉、肾脏、肝脏、骨头的δ13C值平均范围为-23.5763‰~-22.5933‰,跨度为0.9830‰,δ15N值平均范围为6.2940‰~7.2193‰,跨度为0.9253‰;其δ13C值大小顺序为骨头肌肉胃肠肾脏肝脏,δ15N值大小顺序为骨头肝脏肾脏肌肉胃肠。红点齿蟾在不同的年龄阶段、不同的性别中,其δ13C、δ15N值也不同,其δ13C值大小顺序为幼体雌性成体雌性幼体雄性成体雄性,δ15N值大小顺序为幼体雄性成体雄性幼体雌性成体雌性。Spearman相关分析结果表明,红点齿蟾肝脏的δ13C值随其体长和湿重的变化而成极显著变化(P≤0.01),其Spearman相关系数分别为0.820和0.833;其肾脏和肝脏的δ15N值也随其体长和湿重的变化而呈极显著变化(P≤0.01),其Spearman相关系数分别为0.812,0.895和0.800,0.883。     

红点齿蟾的个体发育及生态的初步研究

2005-2006年对贵州省务川苗族仡佬族自治县4个洞和1条溪流进行了野外考察和标本收集,共获不同年龄蝌蚪134尾、幼体1只、成体3只。并在实验室对部分蝌蚪进行人工喂养、观察、测量。通过各项考察,结果表明红点齿蟾主要生活在水温14～16℃、pH7～8的微碱性水环境中。生活在洞穴的弱光带及黑暗带,小溪生境则躲藏在阴暗潮湿的石缝中。生态环境相似。     

亚洲高海拔锄足蟾的属间亲缘关系、分化及其与青藏高原形成的关系

本文在研究高海拔锄足蟾的属间分类及分布规律的基础上,对所属的齿蟾属Oreolalax、齿突蟾属Scutiger的齿突蟾亚属Scutiger,(Scutiger)和猫眼蟾亚属Scutiger(Aelurophryne)的成体外形和骨骼、蝌蚪的形态以及核型等24个性状进行综合分析,同时探讨了属间亲缘关系。结果表明:齿蟾属较原始,齿突蟾属较特化,它们可能起源于共同的祖先——原始齿蟾。在齿突蟾属中猫眼蟾亚属比齿突蟾亚属更为特化,后者与齿蟾属的亲缘关系相对较近。它们的分化与青藏高原的抬开有密切关系。     

亚洲高海拔锄足蟾属间分类研究(Amphibia:Pelobatidae)

本文比较研究了高海拔锄足蟾类29种成体和蝌蚪的外形,25种的骨骼,8种的核型和带型,9种的眼晶体薄层凝胶等电聚焦电泳图谱等性状,并结合地理分布、生态环境及习性等因素综合而较全面地对中国锄足蟾科Pelobatidae的齿突蟾属Scutiger,猫眼蟾属Aelurophryne和齿蟾属Oreo-lalax三个类群的属间分类问题进行了探讨。研究表明:齿蟾属Oreolalax应为有效属,不宜作为齿突蟾属Scutiger的亚属;猫眼蟾属Aelurophryne与齿突蟾属Scutiger应同归一属,前者应为后者之亚属。     

中国蛙类一新种(无尾目,蛙科)

描述了1种采自广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区的蛙类1新种,模式标本保存于沈阳师范大学自然博物馆.猫儿山林蛙,新种Rana maoershanensis sp.nov.(图1～17)正模:SYNU 06020120,雄性成体,李丕鹏和王绍能于2006年2月采集自广西壮族自治区猫儿山国家级自然保护区,海拔1 980 m.配模:SYNU 06020091,SYNU 06020122和SYNU06020124,雄性成体;SYNU06020121,SYNU06040153,SYN 0604154和SYNU 06040155,雌性成体.李丕鹏和王绍能于2006年2月和4月采集,采集地点与正模相同.蝌蚪:SYNU0602001和SYNU 0604001系列,采集信息与配模标本相同.新种具有如下主要鉴别特征:1)体略大;2)头宽略大于头长;3)背侧褶明显且略弯曲;4)胫跗关节前达眼角;5)雄性婚垫2团,无内声囊,腹部无雄性线;6)蝌蚪唇齿式多为Ⅰ:3-3/Ⅲ:1-1,少数为Ⅰ:3-3/Ⅳ.新种在头型上与中国林蛙相似,在体形上与昭觉林蛙相似.但与已知林蛙均有明显不同.新种的背侧褶略显弯曲,这一特点明显不同于主要分布于中国北方的黑龙江林蛙种组Rana amurensis group和中国林蛙种组R.chensinensis group的成员.新种与长肢林蛙种组R.longicrus group的镇海林蛙R.zhenhaiensis在背侧褶的弯曲特点上相似,但前者有别于后者的主要特点有:头型较宽扁,雌蛙后腿相对较长,蝌蚪唇齿式多为Ⅰ:3-3/Ⅲ:1-1.新种与长肢林蛙种组的其他林蛙不仅在背侧褶和头型等方面明显有别,而且蝌蚪唇齿式也显著不同.通过对四川、贵州和云南的昭觉林蛙R.chaochiaoensis成体和蝌蚪标本(包括地模标本)的核查和比较,新种的胫跗关节前达眼角,皮肤光滑,缺乏疣粒,雄性腹侧无雄性线,蝌蚪下唇乳突排列规则,中央无缺刻;而昭觉林蛙胫跗关节前达鼻孔或超过吻端,体侧和背部有圆疣或长疣,雄性背腹侧均有雄性线,蝌蚪下唇中央乳头排列稀疏或有缺刻.     

宁陕齿突蟾蝌蚪的生物学特性

齿突蟾属(ScutigerTheobald,1868)包括齿突蟾亚属(ScutigerDubois,1980)和猫眼蟾亚属(AelurophryneFei,Ye and Li,1989),前者已知有10种,后者7种(费梁等,2005)。在我国有8种齿突蟾亚属物种分布于我国西南和青藏高原及周边地区,其中发现于陕西省宁陕县平河梁的宁陕齿突蟾(S·ningshanensis)是分布最东北的特有珍稀物种。尽管经过20多年来的多次采集,至今仅获得模式和配模标本,对其生物学特性了解甚少(方荣盛,1985;梁刚等,1989;费梁,1999),为这一珍稀齿突蟾的保护带来很大困难。蝌蚪是无尾两栖动物生命史中的一个重要时期,大约有四分之三…     

桑植角蟾Megophrys sangzhiensis Jiang,Ye et Fei,2008形态特征补记(Amphibia,Anura,Megophryidae)

基于新采集的桑植角蟾标本(1只雌性成体、6只雄性成体),本文对桑植角蟾的形态特征进行了补充。新采集到的雄性标本符合桑植角蟾的鉴别特征,在外形上与正模标本总体上一致。雌性个体与雄性差异明显:雌性个体(SVL73.0mm,n=1)明显比雄性个体大(SVL53.0～60.8mm,n=7);背面皮肤明显较雄性红;胸腹部花斑较雄性大而稀少,红色或暗红色;前肢较雄性弱,没有声囔及声囔孔,指无婚刺。卵团发现于溪流石块下,呈不完整的圆圈状,卵团卵粒数为483～542枚(n=2);卵粒乳白色,动植物极颜色差异不明显;卵径3.56mm±0.13mm(n=10)。     

西藏齿突蟾蝌蚪的发育和群体年龄结构研究

西藏齿突蟾是一种冷域性两栖动物,其蝌蚪和幼蟾大多群集在海拔2100—2400米的山区溪流或草丛中。6—7月初孵出蝌蚪,冰下越冬,经五年发育成幼蟾。由5月份所得蝌蚪的群体年龄结构统计,一和二龄蝌蚪占79％,三年以上个体明显减少,五龄变态幼蟾仅占2％。四龄个体的死率最高,仅有32％的四龄蝌蚪变成五龄幼蟾。     

旋尾双瓣线虫(旋尾目：丝虫总科)在我国的发现

该文报道从有庄动物园一只死亡的斑海豹Ｐｈｌｃｏａ ｖｉｔｕｌｉｎａ中采集的一种线虫,旋尾双瓣线虫Ｄｉｐｅｔｌａｏｎｅｍａ ｓｐｉｒｏｃａｔｔｄａ（Ｌｅｉｄｙ,１８５８）Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ,１９５９。这个虫种与Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ的描述基本相同,但虫体的大小、雄虫尾乳突的数目以及左交合刺的长度与Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ的描述略有不同。该种线虫在我国首次报道,为我国新纪录种。     

云南省蚋科一新种：双翅目：蚋科

本文报道云南省蚋科一新种：谭氏梯蚋Ｔｉａｎｏｐｔｅｒｙｘ ｔａｎａｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。标本采自大理市郊一小溪中。新种雄虫的生殖腹板和雌虫的生殖叉突较近似于斯里兰卡的Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｂｙｓｓｏｄｏｎ）ｌａｎｇｕｉｄｕｍ Ｄａｖｉｅｓ ｅｔＧｙｏｒｋｏｓ,但其他特征有明显的不同。     

云南省螳螂三新种记述

本文报道采自我国云南省的螳螂3新种,即张氏斧螳Hierodula zhangi,sp.nov.、短背斧螳H.brachynota,sp.nov.和云南省螳E.yunnanensis,sp.nov.。     

Dentiphilometra monopteri n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the abdominal cavity of the ricefield eel Monopterus albus in China

A new genus and species of philometrid nematode Dentiphilometra monopteri n. gen., n. sp., are described on the basis of the specimens found in the abdominal cavity of the ricefield eel (swamp-eel) Monopterus albus (Zouiev) from Liangzi Lake (the Yangtze River drainage system), Hubei Province, in central China. Dentiphilometra, assigned to the Philometrinae, differs from other genera of this subfamily mainly in the presence of a sclerotized oral ring armed on its inner surface by numerous small peribuccal teeth in the gravid female. The new species is characterized by minute cephalic papillae, a greatly developed anterior esophageal bulb separated from the cylindrical part of the esophagus, anterior extention of the esophageal gland anterior to the nerve ring, and by large caudal projections in females and equal spicules 0.051-0.096 mm long in males. This is the second philometrid species recorded from fishes of the Synbranchiformes.     

Scanning electron microscopic observations of adult Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda)

The scanning electron microscope was used to illustrate the microtopographic features of the caudal end of adult male Baylisascaris procyonis. The male tail was relatively long, smoothly attenuated and often had a small button-like or mucronate termination. The preanal papillae were situated ventrally in two slightly divergent and somewhat irregularly spaced rows. Anterior and posterior to the anus were two slightly raised roughened patches consisting of several rows of small spines. Just anterior to the anus along the outer margin of the preanal roughened patch was a large double medioventral papilla. There were five pairs of postanal papillae with the first pair just posterior to the anus being double while the remaining four pairs were more closely associated in a group near the tail end. The second pair were also double papillae; however, in a few specimens they were not fused and appeared as two single closely associated papillae. The last three pairs of papillae were single. The fourth pair of caudal papillae were the phasmids and in the center of each was a ringed pore-like opening. The spicules of the male had a highly sculptured surface with a pincher-like terminal end.     

中国凸顶跳甲属一新种记述及一雄虫的首次描记(鞘翅目,叶甲科,跳甲亚科)

对采自西藏林芝的1新种Euphitrea excavata Wang etYang,sp.nov.进行了描述,并对采自云南泸水片马红缘凸顶跳甲Euphitrea rufomarginata Wang的雄虫进行了首次描记,新种模式标本和重新描述的标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆.     

Redescription of Cosmocephalus tanakai Rodrigues & Vicente (Nematoda: Acuariidae), a parasite of the southern black-backed gull in New Zealand

Abstract

Cosmocephalus tanakai is redescribed from specimens found in the oesophagus of Larus dominicanus from the South Island of New Zealand. The male is characterised by nine pairs of pedunculate subventral caudal papillae plus two pairs of sessile papillae, and a pair of bicuspid papillae three-quarters of the way down the body. The female too has the pair of posteriad bicuspid papillae, plus a button-like terminal caudal process. A key to the species of Cosmocephalus is given.     

云南蚋属一新种：双翅目：蚋科

本文描述在云南省采获的谭氏蚋新种Simulium tanae sp.nov.各期虫态标本。新种幼虫的亚頦与头囊腹面缺刻,蛹鳃呼吸丝组成与苏联蚋科志中的淡额蚋Simulium nlleri Friederichs和河蚋Simulium zalertum Edw.近似;茧的形态又近似于二齿吉蚋Gnus bidentatum Shirkl,但是雄的生殖器和雌的口器形态特征与上述种类差别较明显,因此鉴定为新种。新种模式标本保存于云南省流行病研究所。     

The ultrastructural characterization of the tegument of Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875) cercaria.

The tegumental ultrastructure of the cercaria of the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875), was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The body surface is almost encircled by many rows of regularly arranged spines. The tegumental syncytium of the body contains many rod-shaped dense granules and central electron-lucent bodies, neither of which are present in the tail tegument. There are four rows of hooked teeth and modified spines on the oral cone. These teeth are differentiated morphologically and probably functionally from the other body spines. Disc-shaped papillae with long or short cilia are distributed on the body in a bilaterally symmetrical pattern dorsally and ventrally. There are 30 to 37 papillae with much longer cilia laterally. Four pairs of papillae were found on the tail. From their structure and location these papillae appear to have a mainly tango- or rheoreceptive function. Another type of sheathed papillae is situated around the oral sucker. The cuticular tegument is expanded laterally at the base of the tail, forming a characteristic sac-like structure.     

ORAL CHEMORECEPTOR ORGANS OF BULLFROG TADPOLES DURING METAMORPHOSIS*

Degeneration of the premetamorphic papillae and development of the fungiform papillae during metamorphosis of bullfrog tadpoles were investigated by electrophysiological and scanning electron microscopic methods. Premetamorphic papillae were observed during the early metamorphic stages, and these degenerated rapidly at about metamorphic stage 20. The anlage of the tongue appeared at about metamorphic stage 10, but the anlage of the fungiform papillae appeared at about metamorphic stage 18. The microvilli at the apex of the fungiform papillae were observed at about metamorphic stage 21. At metamorphic stage 24 the fungiform papillae had a similar structure to that of adult frogs. Taste responses were recorded from the glossopharyngeal nerve of the tadpole. The responses to 1 M sucrose and 0.01 M quinine hydrochloride could be observed at metamorphic stage 6 or later, though during stage 20 the responses were very weak. The response to 0.02 M ammonium chloride appeared at metamorphic stage 6, but disappeared at stage 20 and did not reappear later. These results indicate that the fungiform papillae become functional as chemo-receptor organs at about metamorphic stage 21 and that, before the fungiform papillae function, the premetamorphic papillae serve as chemoreceptor organs in the tadpole.