中国尾孢菌属及其近似属的研究Ⅲ.

报道１０种尾孢菌,其中有２个新种：蒿尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｅ和筒轴茅生尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｒｏｔｔｂｏｅｌｌｉｇｉｎａ,中国新记录种有鸭跖草生尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｃｏｍｍｅｌｉｎｉｃｏｌａ,秋英尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｃｏｓｍｉ,凤毛菊尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｒａｔｉｂｉｄａｅ和苦苣菜尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｓｏｎｃｈｉ。文中为新种提供了拉丁文描述并附图,研     

盘旋线虫属-新种--细尾盘旋线虫(线虫纲:垫刃目:纽带科)

本文描述采自内蒙古自治区凉城谷子Ｓｅｔａｒｉａｉｔａｌｉｃａ根部的线虫一新种,即细尾盘旋线虫Ｒｏｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｔｅｎｅｒｉｃａｕｄａｔｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种主要的鉴定特征是食道腺覆盖肠很短,尾细长,明显弯曲,有一个腹突。其近缘种是非同盘旋线虫Ｒ．ａｌｉｕｓＶａｎｄｅｎＢｅｒｇ,１９８６,区别在于新种唇区为半球状;侧区上没有发现不完全网格化现象。     

盘旋线虫属一新种—细尾盘旋线虫：线虫纲：垫刃目;纽带科

本文描述采自内蒙古自治区凉需谷子Ｓｅｔａｒｉａ ｉｔａｌｉｃａ根部的线虫一新种,即细尾盘旋线虫Ｒｏｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ ｔｅｎｅｒｉｃａｕｄａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种主要的鉴定特征是食道腺覆盖肠很短,尾细长,明显弯曲,有一个腹突。     

旋尾类线虫一新种（旋尾目：旋尾科）

本文报道在福建省采集的旋尾类线虫一新种,纹翼鸟胃线虫,新种Cyrnea(Procyrnea)strialata sp.nov.寄生于松雀鹰Accipiter vigatus nisoides的砂囊中。本新种两个发达的侧翼和雄虫的尾翼上均具波浪状的角质横纹而与其它种类不同。模式标本保存于河北师范大学生物系。     

中国尾孢菌属及其近似属的研究VI.(英文)

本文报道９种尾孢菌,其中有２个新种：蟹甲草尾孢 Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｃａｃａｌｉａｅ Ｙ． Ｌ． Ｇｕｏ　＆ Ｙ．Ｊｉａｎｇ和菜蓟尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ 　ｃｙｎａｒａｅ Ｙ． Ｌ． Ｇｕｏ　＆ Ｙ． Ｊｉａｎｇ,中国新记录种有迪氏尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｄｅｍｅｔｒｉｏｎｉａｎａ　 Ｇ． Ｗｉｎｔｅｒ,田菁生尾孢 Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ　 ｇｌｏｔｈｉｄｉｉｃｏｌａ 　Ｔｒａｃｙ　＆ 　Ｅａｒｌｅ,甘草尾孢 Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｇｌｙｃｙｒｒｈｉｚａｅ 　（Ｓａｖｕｌｅｓｃｕ　＆　Ｓａｎｄｕ）Ｃｈｕｐｐ,野桐尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ　ｍａｌｌｏｔｉ　Ｅｌｌｉｓ　＆ 　Ｅｖｓｒｈ,木薯尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｍａｎｉｈｏｂａｅ Ｖｉｅｇａｓ,补骨脂尾孢 Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｐｓｏｒａｌｅａｅ－ｂｉｔｕｍｉｎｏｓａｅ Ｓａｖｕｌ．＆ Ｓａｎｄｕ和香豆尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｔｒａｖｅｒｓｉａｎａ Ｓａｃｃ。文中为新种提供了拉丁文描述并附图,研究的标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆（ＨＭＡＳ）。     

中国雄尾螨属一新种及一已知种重描述（蜱螨亚纲：雄尾螨科）

本文记述采自我国湖南的雄尾螨属一新种：凹背雄尾螨，新种Ａｒｒｅｎｕｒｕｓ ｃｕｒｖｉｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种以背板前端极度向体内塌陷等为显著特征。另对鱼尾雄尾螨Ａｒｒｅｎｕｒｕｓ ｐｉｓｃｉｓｃａｕｄａｐｅｔｉｏｌａｔｕｓ Ｍａｒｓｈａｌｌ１９２８作了全面的再记述，其鉴定标本采自湖南、湖北。     

北京猛禽两种旋尾类寄生线虫的报道(线虫纲,旋尾目)(英文)

报道寄生于北京猛禽的2种旋尾类线虫,其中一种为新种,另一种为中国新纪录种。作者分别对其做了光镜和电镜观察。北京副旋翼线虫,新种Paraspiralatus beijingensis sp.nov.采自于雕鸮的口腔和胃内,它与P. sakeri Gibbons,Nicholls &Bailey,2004的不同之处在于具有单个的肛前乳突,右交合刺远末端弯向背侧并稍微膨大而P. sakeri的交合刺远末端是直的,不膨大,呈钝尖形。纵纹腹小鸮无肛线虫Aprocta noctuae Spaul,1928采自红角鸮的体腔。本次所观察标本在形态上,如交合刺的长短和形状,尾乳突的数目和排列,阴门的位置,卵的大小等,都与前人对A. noctuae的描述一致。但是电子扫描电镜结果显示,A. noctuae的头端具有8个头乳突而不是4个,线虫角质层具有精细的横纹。A. noctuae为我国新纪录种。标本保存于河北师范大学生命科学学院。     

牛背鹭寄生缩迭脱门线虫的重新描述(旋尾目:锐形科)

2006年5月对采自河南省信阳地区的一只牛背鹭进行解剖,从砂囊内检获一批线虫,经鉴定为缩迭脱门线虫Desportesius invaginatus(Linstow,1901)。本文主要对该种线虫进行了描述。本种线虫与前人的描述基本相同,但所采标本虫体尾部较短,雌虫尾端内陷。该种线虫在河南省属首次报道,为河南省新记录种。     

奇口线虫属一新种（旋尾目：奇口科）

在长沙小灵猫的小肠内检获线虫27条(雄虫25条,雌虫2条)。经鉴定为旋尾目、奇口科、奇口属一新种。本新种与大灵猫奇口线虫和椰子猫奇口线虫相近,但有明显区别。定名为长沙奇口线虫。     

兔栓尾线虫成虫体表结构的扫描电镜观察

本虫最初由Rudolphi在1819年定名为Oxyurts ambigua,随后由Dujardin于1845年修订为Pa ssalurus ambiguus。本虫种在光镜下的形态已有描述,但迄今尚无电子显微镜观察报道。本文报告兔拴尾线虫成虫在扫描电子显徽镜下的体表徽细结构。     

Efficiency of potassium permanganate in differentiating between live and dead nematodes

An aqueous solution of potassium permanganate provided a simple and reliable means for differentiating live from dead nematodes. The cuticle and body content of dead nematodes were stained light amber to deep brown, whereas live nematodes were not affected. Taxonomic features of lightly or moderately stained specimens were not obscured.     

葡萄根际线虫种群的研究

对２４个栽培葡萄品种及１２个中国野生葡萄株系的根际线虫种群研究结果表明：寄生类线虫占线虫总量的１０．５％,腐生类占８８．４％,捕食类占０．３％,矛线类占０．８％。寄生线虫共鉴定出１０个属。其中螺旋线虫属的数量及分布寄主最多,短体线虫次之。不同种和品种的根际寄生线虫种类及虫口密度差异较大。大多数栽培品种根际的寄生线虫种类及数量明显高于野生种,野生种受线虫危害较轻。     

The Ring Nematode,Criconemoides ornatus,on Peach and Centipede Grass

Criconemoides ornatus at 500, 1,000, and 10,000 specimens per 15-cm pot containing 1,500 cc of soil was not pathogenic or parasitic on "Loveli'' peach. The number of nematodes recovered was always less than the inoculum. Inocula of 1,000 and 10,000 specimens were pathogenic to centipede grass, but the 500 inoculum level was not. The number of nematodes recovered from parasitized centipede grass was considerably higher than the inoculum.     

Gastric ulceration caused by genetically identified Anisakis simplex sensu stricto in a harbor porpoise from the Western Pacific stock

The genus Anisakis is a well-known group of nematodes that parasitize cetaceans as the final host and cause mucosal damage to their stomach. However, little has been done to precisely identify the nematodes recovered from the final hosts, especially in the Western Pacific, because of taxonomic confusion about the discrimination of sibling species and the difficulties of obtaining specimens from cetaceans. We describe the results of genetic identification and histopathological observations of specimens recovered from an ulcerated lesion and stomach contents in the forestomach of a female harbor porpoise accidentally caught by a set net fishery in Usujiri, southern Hokkaido, Japan. All the specimens arbitrarily collected from the lesion and stomach contents were identified as Anisakis simplex sensu stricto according to their ITS rDNA sequences. The size of the ulcer was approximately 6.3 mm in diameter and it was infected with 119 individual nematodes, mostly consisting of L3 and L4 stage larvae (95.0%). Histological sections were characterized by a locally extensive ulcer with the parasites penetrating into the muscularis externa that caused a thickening of the surrounding mucosa.     

DNA Sequences from Formalin-Fixed Nematodes: Integrating Molecular and Morphological Approaches to Taxonomy

To effectively integrate DNA sequence analysis and classical nematode taxonomy, we must be able to obtain DNA sequences from formalin-fixed specimens. Microdissected sections of nematodes were removed from specimens fixed in formalin, using standard protocols and without destroying morphological features. The fixed sections provided sufficient template for multiple polymerase chain reaction-based DNA sequence analyses.     

A Comparison of Low-Temperature and Ambient-Temperature SEM for Viewing Nematode Faces

Faces of lesion nematodes Pratylenchus teres (populations RTB and JK) and P. zeae or the bacterivore Distolabrellus veechi were observed on frozen specimens with low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and as chemically fixed, critical-point dried specimens with conventional scanning electron microscopy. Amphidial secretions were preserved in chemically fixed but not cryofixed lesion nematodes. Overhanging liplets of chemically fixed D. veechi may be artifactual because they appeared as variably filled, mostly empty membranes when cryofixed. The diagnostically useful lips of the frozen lesion nematodes exhibited six sectors of variable prominence that were absent in chemically fixed specimens. This variability may be due to different degrees of muscle contraction captured during cryofixation, which occurs in milliseconds. This is the first evidence that rarely observed lip sectors in Pratylenchus may be something other than an artifact of shrinkage.     

Elaeophorosis in red deer from Spain

Elaeophorosis, caused by Elaeophora elaphi, was observed in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Toledo Province (Spain) for the first time. Adult specimens of Elaeophora elaphi were found in the hepatic vessels of nine of 151 red deer between October 1994 and September 1995; intensity of infection was two to 18 nematodes per host. Adult nematodes were only found during the period from fall through early spring. No differences were present between sex or age groups. Parasites were not found in a limited sample from fallow deer (Dama dama). Blood samples were negative for the presence of microfilariae.     

七种我国昆虫病原线虫共生菌的分离与鉴定

昆虫病原线虫共生菌是一类具有广阔发展前景的生物防治资源,由于这类菌的分类鉴定工作起步晚,存在分类混乱和不系统的现象,在本土资源十分丰富的我国尤为突出.本文对本实验室分离的7个共生菌菌株进行了分类描述,建立了以生理形态,生化特征为分类基础,结合16 SrDNA序列分析的有效鉴定方法.     

七种我国昆虫病原线虫共生菌的分离与鉴定

昆虫病原线虫共生菌是一类具有广阔发展前景的生物防治资源, 由于这类菌的分类鉴定工作起步晚, 存在分类混乱和不系统的现象, 在本土资源十分丰富的我国尤为突出。本文对本实验室分离的7个共生菌菌株进行了分类描述, 建立了以生理形态, 生化特征为分类基础, 结合16S rDNA序列分析的有效鉴定方法。     

Species composition and distribution of free-living marine nematodes in Vostok Bay, Sea of Japan

The qualitative and quantitative composition of free-living marine nematodes have been studied in Vostok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan). It is found that the population density of nematodes in the bottom sediments of Vostok Bay shows an uneven distribution. The mean population density equaled 56800 ± 23400 specimens/m². A correlation has been revealed between the population density of nematodes and the substrate type. Altogether, 85 species of nematodes have been found; they were dominated by Sabatieria palmaris, Rhabdodemania orientalis, Araeolaimus parvibulbosus, Oncholaimium paraolium, Doryolaimopsis peculiaris, and Metachromadora itoi. Six taxocenoses of nematodes were distinguished, taking into account the species dominating in the population density and using cluster analysis of the obtained data. The dominating trophic assemblage of nematodes was “scrapers.” In general, the species composition of nematodes in Vostok Bay is characterized by the relatively great similarity with that in other areas of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan).