尖吻蝮蛇(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒的研究——Ⅰ.三个毒性组分的纯化

从尖吻蝮(五步蛇)蛇毒中用DEAE-Sephadex A-50,Sephadex G-75,DEAE纤维素和CM-Sephadex C-25柱层析分离纯化,得到三个毒性组分,分别简称为AaT-Ⅰ,AaT-Ⅱ和AaT-Ⅲ。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和琼脂免疫电泳鉴定,均表现均一。AaT-Ⅰ和AaT-Ⅱ是酸性蛋白质,等电点分别是4.6及5.3。AaT-Ⅲ是碱性蛋白质,pI>9。它们的分子量均约为22000。     

蝎毒抗癌组分SVⅡ分离法的优化研究

目的比较三种柱径的分子筛G-50凝胶层析柱分离东亚钳蝎蝎毒的柱效;并对分离所得组分作MTT（酶反应比色法）抗肿瘤活性作用研究,为从中研制和开发出高效、低毒的新型抗癌特效药筛选出目标组分。方法（1）采用三种规格的分子筛层析柱分离蝎毒;（2）HPLC色谱分析比较各组分的指纹图谱;（3）MTT法观察不同浓度（1、10、100mg／L）的蝎毒及其组分对四种肿瘤细胞（HL-60、A549、K562／ADR、K562／S等）的毒性作用。结果经过分子筛柱层析,可从蝎毒（Scorpion venom,SV）获取三个组分SVⅠ、SVⅡ、SVⅢ;经HPLC色谱分析,各组分明显含有四种以上单体成分;MTT法研究表明,SVⅡ对四种肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性较原毒强,剂量-效应关系较好,而SVⅠ、SVⅢ对四种肿瘤细胞抑制作用不明显。结论（1）利用大柱径的层析柱分离蝎毒的柱效较高;（2）组分SVⅡ是蝎毒抗癌的目标组分,且其对耐药细胞株（K562／ADR）的抑制作用比阳性对照组强,有待进一步的分离纯化,筛选出色谱纯的抗癌活性成分（多肽单体）。     

尖吻蝮蛇(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒的研究——Ⅰ.三个毒性组分的纯化

从尖吻蝮(五步蛇)蛇毒中用DEAE-Sephadex A-50,Sephadex G-75,DEAE 纤维素和CM-Sephadex C-25柱层析分离纯化,得到三个毒性组分,分别简称为AaT-Ⅰ,AaT-Ⅱ和AaT-Ⅲ。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和琼脂免疫电泳鉴定,均表现均一。AaT-Ⅰ和AaT-Ⅱ是酸性蛋白质,等电点分别是4.6及5.3。AaT-Ⅲ是碱性蛋白质,pI>9。它们的分子量均约为22000。     

黑曲霉纤维素酶系中内切β-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化

使用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤色谱及DEAE-Sephadex A-25(A-50)离子交换色谱等分离技术,从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)培养液中分离到7种内切β-葡聚糖酶组分,分别称为Ⅰ-2a、Ⅰ-2b、Ⅰ-2c、Ⅰ-2d,Ⅱa、Ⅱb和Ⅲa。经凝胶电泳鉴定均为单一带。     

芦荟多糖的分离纯化及性质研究

采用水提醇沉法提取芦荟多糖,经DEAE-C32柱层析分离,Sephades G-100进一步纯化,得AⅠ、AⅡ和AⅢ三种芦荟多糖。Sephadex G-100凝胶色谱表明,AⅠ组分为均一组分,其分子量约为3.8×10~4。借助气相色谱技术,研究了芦荟粗多糖和AⅠ组分的单糖组成。另外,红外光谱鉴定芦荟多糖主要为吡喃多糖。     

山药糖蛋白的提取及纯化研究

采用正交试验得出了提取山药糖蛋白的优化试验条件,即提取温度40℃、提取时问2 h、料液比1:50.山药经水浸提分离、浸提液脱蛋白、透析、乙醇沉淀物经DEAE-52及Sephadex G-75柱层析得到两种糖蛋白组分GLP-Ⅰ和GLP-Ⅱ,经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,相对分子量分别是13000和38000.     

中药桑寄生(Lorathlorace)抗肿瘤毒蛋白的分离及部分性质初步研究

用Sephadex G100分子筛法分离中药桑寄生中蛋白质,得到大分子量组分a和小分子量组分b;用CM-Sepharose Fast Flow分离桑寄生的大分子物质,得到四个部分:组分Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ。对以上各组分蛋白及其分子量用SDS-PAGE电泳确认;选用肝癌细胞Bel-7402,经MTT染色法检测了其抗肿瘤活性。初步得出实验结果:在我国中药桑寄生中分离到的组分Ⅱ(包含两种蛋白或亚基),分子量在31000和33000左右,具有抑制肝肿瘤细胞Bel-7402生长作用;组分Ⅲ中分子量在21000左右的蛋白抗肝肿瘤细胞Bel-7402作用不明显;组分Ⅳ中分子量小于14000的蛋白没有抗肿瘤作用,分子量为36000的蛋白的抗肿瘤作用有待进一步试验确定。     

蕲蛇蛇毒中一种新型金属蛋白酶AA-MP-I的纯化和表征

本研究通过嗜硫色谱、Sephadex G-75、蓝胶和POROS HQ20离子交换色谱,从蕲蛇蛇毒中分离得到一种新组分AA-MP-I。该酶为分子量22.9kDa的单体蛋白,等电点为5.55,不含中性糖基,N端序列为STE-FQRYMEIVIVVDHSMVK,结果表明其为新型P-I型金属蛋白酶,对温度敏感,具有抗凝血活性,40℃下抗凝血活性最强,具有出血毒性,无磷脂酶A2活性。     

广西眼镜蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A_2的分离纯化及其对HSC-T6细胞的作用

目的对广西眼镜蛇毒中磷脂酶A2(PLA2)进行分离纯化,测定其对肝星状细胞HSC-T6的增殖抑制作用。方法采用Sephadex G-50凝胶层析柱、CM-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换柱、Macro-prep High S预装柱结合的方法分离广西眼镜蛇粗毒,经平板法测定各峰的PLA2活性;经SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定终产物纯度并测定分子量,NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS鉴定其组分;CCK-8法测定PLA2对肝星状细胞(HSC-T6)的增殖抑制作用,确定其凋亡的最小毒性浓度。结果 Sephadex G-50凝胶层析柱、CM-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换柱、Macro-prep High S预装柱层析法,得到第Ⅲ峰具PLA2活性,且达到电泳纯,经NanoLCESI-MS/MS鉴定其为PLA2,分子量约为14.06kD;PLA2在0~1μg/ml的浓度下对HSC-T6细胞具有一定的促增殖作用,2μg/ml时细胞数达到最大值,4~16μg/ml时对细胞生长有抑制作用,且随浓度增大细胞数降低。结论采用Sephadex G-50、CM-Sepharose CL-6B、Macro-prep High S预装柱结合的方法对广西眼镜蛇毒进行分离纯化,得到电泳纯且具PLA2活性的磷脂酶A2;广西眼镜蛇毒PLA2对肝星状细胞HSC-T6增殖有抑制作用,PLA2对HSC-T6细胞的最小毒性浓度为2μg/ml。     

马氏钳蝎的哺乳动物神经毒素的分离和纯化

用CM-Sephadex C-50柱层析法将马氏钳蝎(Buthus martensi Karsch)粗毒分成13个蛋白组分。其中Ⅺ峰对哺乳动物(小鼠)、甲壳动物(潮虫科鼠妇属甲壳虫)和昆虫(丽蝇幼虫)都有较强毒性;Ⅻ峰对前两类动物有较强毒性;Ⅷ峰对后两类动物有较强毒性。Ⅺ峰通过DEAE-Sephadex A-50柱层析被分成Ⅺ-1和Ⅺ-2两个组分。Ⅺ-1峰与Ⅻ峰再分别经过Sephadex G-50柱层析被纯化后,经聚丙烯酰胺碱性不连续圆盘电泳和等电聚焦圆盘电泳鉴定均为单一区带。它们都是神经毒素,分别被命名为马氏钳蝎神经毒素Ⅰ和Ⅱ。经小鼠腹腔注射,测定粗毒、神经毒素Ⅰ和Ⅱ的LD_(60)分别为2.4mg/kg、0.48 mg/kg和0.63mg/kg。毒素Ⅰ有较好的耐热性。工作中还测定了神经毒素Ⅰ和Ⅱ的氨基酸组成,它们分别由67和63个氨基酸残基组成,最小分子量分别为7567和7181。     

舟山眼镜蛇毒CTX1层析分离的流速优化

目的 比较3种流速的CM-Sepharose FF阳离子交换层析柱分离舟山眼镜蛇(Naja naja atra)蛇毒(snake venom,SV)的柱效,为SV的分离纯化提供实验依据.方法 (1)采用3种流速CM-Sepharose FF阳离子交换层析柱分离舟山眼镜蛇蛇毒;(2)反向高效液相法分析各组分的纯度及内标法...     

Amino acid sequence of a less-cytotoxic basic polypeptide (LCBP) isolated from the venom of the Indian cobra (Naja naja)

A less-cytotoxic polypeptide, designated as LCBP, was isolated from the venom of Naja naja by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 followed by CM-cellulose chromatography. The cytotoxicity toward Yoshida sarcoma cells and lethal toxicity toward mice of LCBP were both one order of magnitude lower than that of cytotoxins and that of toxin A, respectively. LCBP is a single polypeptide consisting of 61 amino acid residues with four intramolecular disulfide linkages, and the amino acid sequence is the same as that of cardiotoxin-like basic polypeptide (CLBP) isolated from the venom of Naja naja atra. This is the first time that the same polypeptides were isolated from different cobra venoms.     

Monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography of the nerve growth factor from snake venoms

1. Pure monoclonal antibodies to Vipera lebetina venom nerve growth factor have been isolated by affinity chromatography using CNBr-agarose bound antigen. 2. Nerve growth factors from ten snake venoms (Vipera lebetina, Vipera russellii, Vipera berus berus, Vipera ursini, Echis carinatus, Agkistrodon halys, Bungarus caeruleus, Naja naja oxiana, Naja naja, Naja naja atra) were purified using monoclonal antibodies against NGF linked to BrCN-activated agarose.     

Amino acid sequence of a cardiotoxin-like basic polypeptide (CLBP) with low cytotoxic activity isolated from the venom of the Formosan cobra (Naja naja atra)

A cardiotoxin-like basic polypeptide, designated as CLBP, was isolated from the venom of Naja naja atra by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 followed by CM-cellulose chromatography. The cytotoxicity toward Yoshida sarcoma cells and lethal toxicity toward mice of CLBP were both one-order lower than those of cardiotoxins and cobrotoxin, respectively. CLBP is a single polypeptide consisting of 61 amino acid residues with four intramolecular disulfide linkages. The amino acid sequence of CLBP shows a high degree of homology with those of cardiotoxins from the same venom, but differs in the 19 to 23 positions.     

满山香种子中化学成分研究

为研究满山香种子的化学成分,采用满山香种子经75%乙醇提取、溶剂萃取、硅胶柱层析、SephadexLH-20柱层析和硅胶制备薄层层析等方法,分离得5个单体化合物,分别鉴定为:杨梅素(myricetin,Ⅰ)、对苯二酚(1,4-dihydroxybenzene,Ⅱ)、香草酸(vanillicacid,Ⅲ)、β-胡萝卜苷(dauosterol,Ⅳ)和银杏双黄酮(ginkge-tin,Ⅴ)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。     

箬叶多糖的分离纯化及其理化性质的研究

采用分步提取的方式从中药箬叶中分离得到８种多糖组分：酸性杂多糖ＦＳ、ＦＥ、ＦⅠ,β－Ｄ－葡萄糖醛酸聚糖ＦⅡ和四种半纤维素多糖α－Ｄ－木聚糖ＦⅢ－ａ、ＦⅢ－ｂ、ＦⅣ－ａ及ＦⅣ－ｂ．紫外光谱、红外光谱、凝胶色谱、元素分析等结果表明８种箬叶多糖为纯品．并采用纸层析,气相色谱分析确定其单糖组成．采用高效凝胶渗透色谱ＧＰＣ法测定了４种箬叶多糖ＦＥ、ＦⅠ、ＦⅢ－ａ及ＦⅣ－ａ的重均分子量Ｍｗ、数均分子量Ｍｎ,均为大分子,分子量分布较窄,纯度较高．     

Proteins toxic to arthropods in the venom of elapid snakes.

It has been found that the lethal action of elapid snake venoms to arthropods (fly larvae and isopods) is due to proteic factors differing from the toxins which are strongly and specifically active on mammals.This conclusion was based on the following: (1) Lack of any correlation between the toxic activity on larvae, isopods, and mice of ten elapid snake venoms. (2) Absence of any toxicity to arthropods in pure toxins isolated and purified from several elapid snake venoms according to their lethality. (3) Electrophoretical separation of the venom of the snake Naja mossambica mossambica (= N. nigricollis mossambica) resulted in fractions active either to arthropods and/or to mice. (4) Separation of the above venom by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 enabled the isolation of fractions highly toxic to arthropods. (5) The above fractions demonstrated a high phospholipase activity corresponding to about 80 per cent of the total activity of the whole venom. The link between phospholipase and toxicity to arthropods will serve as a target for further investigation.It appears that the phenomenon of diversity in toxic activities of different proteins to different groups of organism, as previously demonstrated in scorpion venoms, is equally shared by elapid snake venoms.     

眼镜蛇毒中降压因子的提取及其降血压作用的研究

目的：从广西眼镜蛇蛇毒中分离纯化血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor,ACEI),命名为降压因子（Hypotensive Factor,HF）,并测定其生物活性。方法：采用Sephacryl S-100凝胶过滤,CM Sepharose F.F.离子交换层析分离纯化HF,高效液相鉴定纯度,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）测定其分子量,紫外分光光度法测定HF对血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）的抑制活性。用离体兔子十二指肠平滑肌测定HF增强缓激肽(Bradykinin,BK)的效应。结果：纯化的广西眼镜蛇蛇毒HF经SDS-PAGE检测显示单一条带,测得其相对分子量约为8.2kD,由十二种氨基酸组成,蛋白回收率为5.70%。HF对ACE有明显的抑制作用,其抑制作用与剂量呈正相关。IC50为1.02?g/ml。HF能增强BK对离体兔子十二指肠平滑肌的收缩效应。结论：本方法成功地从广西眼镜蛇蛇毒中纯化出降血压成分。该成分与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂作用相似,对血管紧张素转换酶有明显的抑制作用。     

Purification and characterization of anticomplement factor (cobra venom factor) from the Naja naja atra venom

Anticomplement factor (cobra venom factor) from the venom of Naja naja atra was purified by means of successive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose CL-6B. The purified anticomplement factor was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide discontinuous gel electrophoresis at pH 9.4. The yield from 3.0 g of the crude venom was approx. 28 mg. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 156 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was about 5.2. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the anticomplement factor in the presence of dithiothreitol demonstrated that the molecule possesses three different polypeptide chains cross-linked covalently to one another by disulfide bridge(s). By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of each subunit was determined to be approx. 77000, 47500 and 29 000, respectively. All subunits were stained with Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 and periodate-Schiff reagent, indicating these subunits to be glycoprotein. Distribution of the anticomplement factor in various snake venoms, which shows cross-reactivity against the anti-Naja naja atra anticomplement factor antiserum, was examined. From the results, all venoms belonging to cobra family in the Elapidae tested so far were found to contain such cross-reactivity.