龙眼果实防腐保鲜技术研究

近几年来,我们探讨了不同的贮藏温度、化学防腐剂、气体组分、包装容器及包装方法对不同品种龙眼果实的防腐保鲜效果。结果表明:龙眼品种间的耐贮性有很大差异,按耐贮性排列:泉州本>乌龙岭>普明庵>福眼>赤壳>水涨;最佳的保鲜贮藏温度为3～4℃;仲丁胺、仲丁胺+赤霉素、多菌灵、甲基托布津、苯甲酸、特克多、FISB-1和FISB-2等不同化学防腐剂对泉州本的防腐效果,以FISB-1和FISB-2防腐效果最佳,贮藏40天,好果率分别为95.0％和95.2％,其他防腐剂处理的好果率为80.7％～86.5％;气调贮藏,CO_2为4％～6％,O_2为6％～8％的气体组分可延长贮藏寿命,降低龙眼果实自身损耗;包装容器以塑料周转箱套薄膜袋气调贮藏效果最佳。     

龙眼果皮形态结构比较观察及其与果实耐贮运的关系

比较了福建省 1 0个主栽龙眼品种果实的果皮形态和结构 ,结果表明 :不同品种在果皮厚度、外果皮表面颜色、龟状纹、放射线、瘤状突、刺毛、外果皮皮孔、周皮层厚度、栓质层厚度和连续性、中果皮薄壁组织细胞排列、石细胞大小、含量、排列和分布 ,维管束发达状况、排列和分布 ,内果皮表皮细胞排列和角蜡质层厚度等方面均存在着明显差异。风梨味、东壁、油潭本、乌龙岭、红核子、蕉眼龙眼果皮厚 ,外果皮表面瘤状突和剌毛多 ,外果皮周皮层、栓质层厚且连续性好 ,中果皮石细胞 (团 )含量多且排列紧密 ,分布在中果皮外侧且在中果皮中所占比例大 ,维管束发达且排列有序 ,内果皮角蜡质层厚 ;这些品种果实耐贮运、抗病性强。而水涨、赤壳、福眼、普明庵龙眼果皮薄 ,外果皮周皮层薄、栓质层不发达 ,中果皮石细胞 (团 )含量少、分布分散 ,维管束不发达 ,薄壁组织细胞胞间隙大 ,皮孔间隙大、皮孔通道与中果皮组织细胞间隙相通 ;这些品种的果实不耐贮运、抗病性弱。讨论了龙眼外果皮表面主色为褐色和内果皮比外果皮更容易褐变的解剖学原因及龙眼果皮形态结构与果实耐贮运的关系。     

同安县龙眼品种资源续报

福建同安系全国六个龙眼基地县(市)之一,促进同安龙眼生产,对推动全省主产果业的发展具有重要作用;就当今调整同安县的农业布局及适应厦门经济特区的发展而言,也具有特殊的现实意义。众所周知,龙眼生产发展的成功与否,很大程度上取决于品种的合理选择和布局。为此,作者于今年结合《中国龙眼志》品种部分的补充调查,针对同安县龙眼品种资源进行了重点的复查和增补。除对已有报道的赤壳、水涨、后壁埔三个品种进行复查外,着重对罕见报道的八一早、凤梨味、桂花味、冰糖味、赤壳有、国庆晚六个品种进行较详细的调查分析,包括植物学特性和果实经济性状,以及品种综合评价。现将今次的调查分析资料整理成文,以供发展龙眼生产之参考。     

“挂绿”荔枝早期胚的形成及假种皮发育过程的研究

“挂绿”荔枝早期胚的形成及假种皮发育过程的研究陈健辉,杨俊慧,潘坤清（广州师范学院生物系,广州５１０４００）“挂绿”荔枝是荔枝（Ｌｉｔｃｈｌｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）的一个品种,按《广东荔枝志》介绍的荔枝品种分类属黑叶类。其果肉（假种皮）肉质爽脆,甜带微香...     

不同施肥水平对龙眼秋梢结果母枝和产量的影响

1983—1986年,作者开展了不同施肥水平对龙眼秋梢结果母枝及产量效应的研完。试验结果表明,适当增加施肥量可促进龙眼秋梢结果母枝的生长发育,且明显提高产量。研究结果还表明,不同品种对施肥的反应存在差异,水涨品种对肥料的效应较为明显,而赤壳品种则不明显。作者推荐,红壤丘陵地的水涨龙眼适宜的年株施肥量为:N1.24公斤,P_2O_50.63公斤,K_2O1.15公斤。上列施肥水平可供生产上参考应用。     

荔枝与龙眼种质资源研究进展

荔枝和龙眼是中国著名的南亚热带果树。本文分别就荔枝、龙眼种质资源在起源与分布、分类与鉴定等方面取得的研究进展进行了综述。荔枝和龙眼的分类研究大体经历了3个阶段:根据形态特征进行分类、应用同工酶分析和DNA分子标记进行分类。形态特征常常受到环境条件的影响,而同工酶分析可以检测到的多态性位点十分有限。应用分子标记研究荔枝、龙眼种质资源的遗传多样性克服了前述2种研究方法的不足。目前,荔枝和龙眼的品种选育仍然以实生选种和芽变选种为主。为了实现对荔枝、龙眼果实品质和农艺性状的改良,建议在分子水平上进一步深入地探讨荔枝、龙眼种质资源的遗传多样性;同时通过应用分子标记辅助选择技术提高荔枝和龙眼杂交育种的效率。     

低温冷害对龙眼成花的影响及抹除荔枝和芒果冷害花穗促进腋芽再生花穗的效果

为探讨早春极端低温对龙眼成花的影响及芒果和荔枝花穗冷害发生时应对措施的效果,在2008年早春低温冷害时,通过抹除芒果和荔枝的冷害顶生花穗,研究该应对措施对促进腋芽再分化花芽并抽生花序的效果,并在低温冷害后,对不同龙眼品种的成花情况进行调查。结果表明:抹除荔枝冷害顶生花穗后能显著促进黑叶、钦州红荔、糯米糍、立夏红腋芽再生花序,平均单株花穗数分别为139、62.5、28和29穗,分别比对照的高119、22.5、25和26穗;而妃子笑、三月红、桂味和禾荔的处理树和对照树之间差异不明显。抹除芒果冷害顶生花穗后,台农1号、贵妃、桂热82号、红象牙和金穗芒的平均单株成花数分别为92、18、131、20.5和18穗,明显高于对照;而凯特芒、桂热120、吉尔、紫花芒和金穗芒处理树和对照树之间差异不显著。龙眼低温冷害后成花较好的有桂明、储良、石硖、小广眼、大乌圆和大广眼,平均单株花穗数分别为88、67、52.7、52、51和50穗;其次是桂香、乌龙岭、东壁、立冬本和早白露,平均单株花穗数分别为39、26、25、23.5和21.5穗。     

利用RAPD标记研究荔枝品种的新缘关系

采用改进的ＣＴＡＢ方法提取３４个荔枝品种的基因组ＤＮＡ为模板,从５０个１０碱基的随机引物中获得了３７个多态性ＲＡＰＤ标记,聚类分析结果表明这３４个荔枝品种可以分成４组,第一组有“状元红”、“元红”、“桂林”、“宋家香”、“台湾荔”、“下番枝”、“东刘一号”、“妃子笑”、“白糖罂”、“香丸”、“绿沙”;第二组有“无栗子”、“水东”、“乌叶”、“蔡家肉丸”、“青壳糯米糍”、“糯米糍”;第三组有“桂味”     

随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）标记用于丁香品种遗传分析及品种分类

采用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）标记分析了１５个丁香品种的ＤＮＡ扩增产物。研究选用了１６个随机引物,共扩增出９６条带,其中５５条带为可重复性条带,有价值条带大小多在５１７ｂｐ至１６３６ｂｐ之间。这些标记足以区分这些丁香品种。欧丁香（Ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ）与Ｓ．×ｈｙａｃｉｎｔｈｉｆｌｏｒａ间的相似系数为６１．５％,欧丁香与Ｓ．×ｐｒｅｓｔｏｎｉａｅ间的相似系数为４７．２％,Ｓ．×ｈｙａｃｉｎｔｈｉｆｌｏｒａ与Ｓ．×ｐｒｅｓｔｏｎｉａｅ间的相似系数为４３．６％。结果表明,欧丁香与Ｓ．×ｈｙａｃｉｎｔｈｉｆｌｏｒａ亲缘关系最近。应用ＲＡＰＤ资料分析讨论了一些品种的起源。ＲＡＰＤ技术为丁香品种分类鉴定提供了可靠方法。     

核受体转录辅激活蛋白：结构与功能

核受体超家族大体可分为 3个亚类 :(1 )由雌激素 (ｅｓｔｒｏｇｅｎ ,ＥＲ)、孕激素 (ｐｒｏ ｇｅｓｔｉｎ ,ＰＲ)和糖皮质激素 (ｇｌｕｃｏｃｏｒｔｉｃｏｉｄ ,ＧＲ)等类固醇激素受体构成的Ｉ类受体 ;(2 )由甲状腺素 (ｔｈｙｒｏｉｄｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ ,ＴＲ)、维生素Ｄ(ｖｉｔａ ｍｉｎＤ ,ＶＤＲ)、9 顺 /反式视黄酸 (9 ｃｉｓ/ｔｒａｎｓ ｒｅｔｉｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ ,ＲＸＲ ,ＲＡＲ)等构成的ＩＩ类受体 ;(3)天然配体未知或不需要的孤儿受体。三类核受体的作用方式虽然不同 ,但在结构上却有共同的特点 ,它们的典型结构分为6个部分 ,即Ａ、…     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.