抑制c-FLIP基因促进TRAIL诱导的乳腺癌细胞凋亡

目的：探讨抑制c-FLIP的表达对TRAIL诱导乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡的影响。方法：重组腺病毒Ad-c-FLIP-siRNA和Ad-sTRAIL单独及联合感染对TRAIL耐药的乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（Real-time PCR）检测病毒感染后各组细胞内c-FLIP和TRAIL的mRNA表达变化;MTT法和结晶紫染色法检测MCF-7细胞活性,Hoechst 33258荧光染色检测各组细胞的凋亡情况。结果：与阴性对照组比较,c-FLIP-siRNA组和c-FLIP-siRNA＋TRAIL组c-FLIP的mRNA相对表达量分别是（0.32±0.16）和（0.39±0.48）倍;TRAIL组和c-FLIP-siRNA＋TRAIL组TRAIL的mRNA相对表达量分别是（96.21±1.54）和（87.33±1.66）倍;TRAIL组、c-FLIP-siRNA组及c-FLIP-siRNA＋TRAIL组的抑制率（%）分别为（60.27±1.25）、（11.34±1.74）及（74.91±2.12）。对比阴性对照组的凋亡率（3.12±1.54）,TRAIL组（12.79±2.46）和c-FLIP-siRNA＋TRAIL组（25.50±3.17）组的凋亡率明显增高（P〈0.05）,c-FLIP-siRNA组（6.85±2.82）的凋亡率变化不明显,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：siRNA抑制c-FLIP基因的表达能显著促进TRAIL对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡的诱导作用。     

ILP-2表达上调减轻双氧水诱导的人MCF-7细胞株凋亡

为探讨乳腺癌细胞生长中凋亡抑制蛋白样蛋白2(ILP-2)对活性氧(ROS)毒性的拮抗作用,该研究用不同浓度双氧水(H_2O_2)对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7进行氧化应激造模, 2′,7′-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐探针法(DCFH-DA)检测乳腺癌细胞中活性氧变化,蛋白质印记法检测siRNA干扰效率及干扰后乳腺癌细胞ILP-2的表达,噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测siRNA转染及双氧水处理后乳腺癌细胞的增殖活性,划痕试验分析siRNA转染及双氧水处理对乳腺癌细胞迁移的影响,吖啶橙/溴化乙锭双荧光染色法(AO-EB)检测si RNA转染及双氧水处理对乳腺癌细胞凋亡的影响。结果显示, 200μmol/L双氧水显著诱导MCF-7中活性氧的产生。蛋白质印迹法结果显示, siRNA-5干扰效率较高;双氧水+siRNA-5组ILP-2表达高于双氧水+siRNA阴性对照组。双氧水处理细胞24、48和72 h后, MTT结果显示,细胞存活率明显低于空白对照组,双氧水+siRNA-5组细胞存活率高于双氧水+siRNA阴性对照组;划痕实验结果显示,细胞迁移率低于空白对照组,双氧水+siRNA-5组迁移率高于双氧水+siRNA阴性对照组; AO-EB结果显示,与空白对照组相比,双氧水组细胞凋亡率显著升高,双氧水+siRNA-5组细胞凋亡率低于双氧水+siRNA阴性对照组。以上结果表明,凋亡抑制蛋白ILP-2拮抗活性氧对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的细胞毒性,促进细胞增殖。     

2,3-吲哚醌对MCF-7和HT-29细胞株的增殖抑制和凋亡诱导

目的:研究2,3-吲哚醌(2,3-dioxoindoline,ISA)对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7和人大肠癌细胞株HT-29的增殖与凋亡影响.方法:应用MTT比色法检测ISA对MCF-7和HT-29的生长抑制情况;Hochest33258荧光染色法检测细胞凋亡情况,Westem Blotting 法检测凋亡相关基因bcl-2和bax在蛋白水平上的表达;RT-PCR两步法检测bcl-2和bax在mRNA水平上的变化.结果:①ISA在一定浓度范围内能明显抑制细胞生长;②荧光染色可观察到细胞核染色质浓集,核浓缩核碎裂,并出现典型的凋亡小体;③bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达随药物浓度增大而逐渐减少,各实验处理组与阴性对照组比较存在统计学差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).bax mRNA及蛋白的表达随药物浓度增大而无明显变化,各组间比较不存在统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:ISA能够抑制MCF-7和HT-29细胞增殖,并能进一步诱导其凋亡,其作用机制可能是与下调bcl-2表达有关.     

抑制PI3K信号通路促进TRAIL诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,TRAIL)对癌细胞有独特的细胞毒性作用,而对正常细胞没有影响.但乳腺癌细胞耐受TRAIL诱导凋亡.本研究探索磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)信号通路对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞耐受TRAIL的影响.采用MTT法、显微照相以及DAPI染色观察TRAIL对MCF-7细胞生长的抑制作用以及诱导细胞凋亡状况;流式细胞分析细胞凋亡的情况;激光共聚焦显微镜观察多聚ADP核糖多聚酶-1(poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1,PARP-1)的迁移和定位;Western印迹分析死亡受体、caspase-3/8、磷酸化的AKT[pAKT(Ser473)]、Src和PARP-1等蛋白质表达.结果显示,小剂量TRAIL(80 nmol/L)和Ly294002(40μmol/L)对MCF-7细胞生长没有显著的抑制作用,但是大剂量TRAIL(160 nmol/L)和Ly294002(80μmol/L)则能抑制MCF-7细胞生长;低剂量Ly294002协同TRAIL抑制MCF-7细胞生长,并诱导细胞凋亡;Ly294002和TRAIL共同作用能促进PARP-1从胞浆进入细胞核;蛋白质表达分析显示,MCF-7细胞均表达死亡受体DR4、DR5、诱骗受体DcR1和DcR2、以及caspase-8,但是不表达caspase-3;Ly294002和TRAIL共同作用也能抑制pAKT(Ser473)和Src的表达,并且导致PARP-1断裂.本研究结果提示,抑制PI3K信号可增加MCF-7细胞对TRAIL诱导的敏感性;MCF-7细胞通过PI3K/AKT途径促进Src的表达耐受TRAIL的细胞毒性作用;Ly294002联合TRAIL是一种新的药物组合方式治疗乳腺癌.     

靶向VEGF小干扰RNA协同5-FU诱导人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡机制的研究

探讨慢病毒介导的靶向VEGF小干扰RNA联合应用化疗药物5 FU诱导人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡的机制。以携带VEGF siRNA的慢病毒载体感染MCF-7细胞,应用RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测各组VEGF mRNA、VEGF蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果表明,慢病毒VEGF siRNA干扰组细胞VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显低于对照组,凋亡相关蛋白P53及P21表达上调,而SIRT1、Bcl-2及Survivin表达下调。流式细胞术检测显示慢病毒干扰组及5-FU组细胞凋亡率显著升高,联合治疗组的协同作用更为明显。上述结果表明：慢病毒介导的RNA干扰能明显抑制MCF-7细胞VEGF的表达,通过下调SIRTI蛋白的表达,导致P53蛋白表达上调,并调控其下游P21、bcl-2和Survivin的表达,从而诱导MCF-7细胞的凋亡,并且提高了MCF-7对5-FU的敏感性。     

甲基莲心碱抗乳腺癌 MCF-7细胞的研究

目的:观察甲基莲心碱对乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨其诱导乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7凋亡的可能作用机制。方法:采用体外培养人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7,CCK-8实验检测不同浓度甲基莲心碱对MCF-7细胞增殖抑制作用;乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试剂盒(微板法)检测细胞上清液LDH含量;流式细胞术分析甲基莲心碱对MCF-7细胞周期及凋亡的影响;实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测线粒体凋亡相关基因Bax和Bcl-2的表达水平。结果:CCK-8、LDH结果显示甲基莲心碱以时间、浓度依耐性的方式抑制乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的增殖及促进细胞毒性的增加;流式细胞术结果表明不同甲基莲心碱作用下MCF-7的平均凋亡率分别为(15.44±0.52)、(18.81±2.24)、(24.26±2.84)、(36.90±3.15)、(59.27±5.86),且使其周期阻滞于G0/G1期;RT-PCR检测结果证明甲基莲心碱可上调乳腺癌细胞中促凋亡基因Bax的表达,而下调抑制凋亡基因Bcl-2。结论:甲基莲心碱以时间和浓度依赖的方式抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖、细胞毒性增加,导致细胞周期于G0/G1阻滞并促进癌细胞凋亡。甲基莲心碱抗乳腺癌的可能作用机制是激活线粒体凋亡途径。     

miR-149-5p靶向DCLK1基因对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/DDP顺铂耐药的影响

[目的]探讨miR-149-5p靶向双皮质素样激酶1(DCLK1)基因对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/DDP顺铂耐药的影响。[方法]构建DDP耐药乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,然后按细胞转染质粒的不同分入对照组(不转染质粒)、空载组(转染空载质粒3.1)、miRNA-149-5p组(转染miRNA-149-5p-AH质粒)。采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,划痕实验检测细胞迁移力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞miRNA-149-5p和DCLK1 mRNA水平,Western Bloting检测细胞DCLK1蛋白表达水平。[结果] miRNA-149-5p组乳腺癌MCF-7/DDP细胞miRNA-149-5p水平、细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组和空载组,DCLK1 mRNA和蛋白水平、细胞存活率和细胞迁移率显著低于对照组和空载组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。空载组和对照组miRNA-149-5p水平、细胞凋亡率、DCLK1 mRNA和蛋白表达、细胞存活率和细胞迁移率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]过表达miRNA-149-5p可减弱乳腺癌MCF-7/D...     

抑制PI3K信号通路促进TRAIL诱导人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL）对癌细胞有独特的细胞毒性作用,而对正常细胞没有影响. 但乳腺癌细胞耐受TRAIL诱导凋亡.本研究探索磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）信号通路对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞耐受TRAIL的影响. 采用MTT法、显微照相以及DAPI染色观察TRAIL对MCF-7细胞生长的抑制作用以及诱导细胞凋亡状况;流式细胞分析细胞凋亡的情况;激光共聚焦显微镜观察多聚ADP核糖多聚酶-1（poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase -1,PARP-1）的迁移和定位;Western印迹分析死亡受体、caspase-3/8、磷酸化的AKT［pAKT(Ser473)］、Src和PARP-1等蛋白质表达. 结果显示,小剂量TRAIL（< 80 nmol/L）和Ly294002（< 40μmol/L）对MCF-7细胞生长没有显著的抑制作用,但是大剂量TRAIL（160 nmol/L）和Ly294002（80 μmol/L）则能抑制MCF-7细胞生长;低剂量Ly294002协同TRAIL抑制MCF-7细胞生长,并诱导细胞凋亡;Ly294002和TRAIL共同作用能促进PARP-1从胞浆进入细胞核;蛋白质表达分析显示,MCF-7细胞均表达死亡受体DR4、DR5、诱骗受体DcR1和DcR2、以及caspase-8,但是不表达caspase-3;Ly294002和TRAIL共同作用也能抑制pAKT(Ser473)和Src的表达,并且导致PARP-1断裂. 本研究结果提示,抑制PI3K信号可增加MCF-7细胞对TRAIL诱导的敏感性;MCF-7细胞通过PI3K/AKT途径促进Src的表达耐受TRAIL的细胞毒性作用Ly294002联合TRAIL是一种新的药物组合方式治疗乳腺癌.     

软骨多糖诱导MCF-7乳腺癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

研究软骨多糖诱导MCF-7乳腺癌细胞凋亡及其作用机理。方法:选用MCF-7人类乳腺癌细胞系体外培养,应用MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡率,HE染色法观察细胞形态学改变,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的变化,免疫荧光方法检测BCL-2BAD及波形蛋白Vimentin的表达率。结果:软骨多糖对MCF-7细胞体外生长具有明显的抑制作用,且呈时间和浓度依赖性;软骨多糖可诱导MCF-7细胞发生凋亡并伴随有凋亡小体出现等形态学变化;软骨多糖促进BCL-2蛋白的表达水平下降,BAD表达水平上升,及Vimentin的降解。结论:软骨多糖能够在体外诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡,是一种新型的抗乳腺癌活性物质。     

二烯丙基二硫诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡及机制的研究

目的:研究二烯丙基二硫(DADS)诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡及其分子机制。方法:AO／EB荧光染色法、流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot法检测DADS对caspase-3剪切片断的影响,及对MAPKs通路相关蛋白,包括p-JNK、JNK表达的影响。结果:DADS对乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7生长具有明显的抑制作用,经AO／EB形态变化分析,可见明显的细胞凋亡特征;DADS处理MCF-7细胞6、12、24、48 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡率分别为3．74％、9．22％、20.2％、42％,而对照组细胞的凋亡率仅为3．03％(P<0．05);不同浓度的DADS作用于MCF-7细胞24 h后,Western blot法检测发现caspase-3出现断裂片断,并随着浓度的增加断裂更明显。进一步研究发现,DADS处理MCF-7细胞后,JNK磷酸化水平明显升高。结论:DADS能诱导乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7细胞凋亡,JNK信号通路抑制可能是DADS诱导其调亡的分子机制之一。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.