酚氧化酶纸条制备与应用

制备出一种酚氧化酶试纸条,一３７℃６ｈ内可完成酵母样真菌的酚氧化酶试验,较常规培养基试验法至少能提前１８－２４ｈ获得结果。该纸条置４℃保存,有效期６个月,对鉴定酵母样真菌具有快速、准确实用性。     

新生隐球菌的酚氧化酶及用于菌种鉴定的研究

采用4％玉米浸汁咖啡酸琼脂(CACA)培养基。观察了具不同生物学特性的新生隐球菌的酚氧化酶活性,并对临床常见的多种酵母和酵母样真菌作了该酶的检测。结果,受试的3个变种、5种血清型和尿素酶阴性新生隐球菌均呈明确的阳性反应;150株常见酵母和酵母样真菌中43株新生隐球菌全部呈酚氧化酶阳性。107株其它酵母和酵母样真菌全部阴性。具各种不同生物学特性的新生隐球菌均特异性地产生酚氧化酶,用检测该酶的方法作该菌鉴定的特异性和敏感性均为100％,且可于72小时内得到结果。此外,结合尿素酶试验可以准确的鉴定出尿素酶阴性的新生隐球菌。     

酵母样真菌感染的菌型分布及药敏试验分析

目的:调查酵母样真菌在临床标本中的菌型分布情况;了解临床常见真菌对常用抗真菌药物的敏感性,为临床使用抗真菌药提供依据.方法:按<临床检验操作规程>进行菌株分离和鉴定;对分离的菌株用法国生物梅里埃公司生产的ATBFUNGUS抗真菌药物敏感性试剂盒进行药敏试验.结果:共检出酵母样真菌256株,其构成比:白色念珠菌161株(62.88%)、热带念珠菌58株(22.8%)、高里念珠菌12株(4.69%)、酵母菌10株(3.91%),未定型7株(2.73%);91株酵母样真菌药敏结果:5-FC敏感率95.6%、AmB 100%、NYS 93.4%、MIZ 80.2%、ECO 81.3%、KET 84.6%.11株MIZ耐药株,2株同时耐ECO与KET,9株为ECO中介、8株为KET中介,15株耐药株有10株为热带念珠菌.结论:引起深部真菌感染的酵母样真菌种类日渐增多,其中以白色念珠菌为主;大部分酵母样真菌对抗真菌药敏感,咪唑类药物有交叉耐药,多数热带念珠菌有耐药性.因此,酵母样真菌的菌种鉴定及药敏试验对临床深部真菌感染的防治具有重要的意义.     

妇科住院患者酵母样真菌感染的菌株分布与药敏研究

目的对妇科住院患者阴道分泌物酵母样真菌隐性感染的菌群分布与药敏结果进行回顾性分析,为临床围手术期合理使用抗真菌药物提供依据。方法妇科住院患者5813例阴道分泌物中分离到396株酵母样真菌,采用API-20Aux和ATBFUNGUS进行鉴定和药敏试验。结果396株酵母样真菌中,分离率最高的前3位是白色假丝酵母菌（59.6%）、光滑假丝酵母菌（21.2%）和接合假丝酵母菌（6.6%）。酵母样真菌对5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）、两性霉素B（AMB）和制霉菌素（NYS）敏感率最高,达90.7%、92.7%和96.2%,咪康唑（MIC）、益康唑（ECO）和酮康唑（KET）分别为74.2%、61.6%和69.4%。结论住院妇科患者阴道分泌物酵母样真菌隐性感染主要以白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌为主,感染的酵母样真菌对5-FC、AMB和NYS的药物敏感性较高,对唑类抗真菌药则有不同程度的耐药率。     

阴道分泌物酵母样真菌分离培养及其药敏的临床价值

目的了解阴道分泌物酵母样真菌的分离培养及其药敏临床意义。方法从阴道分泌物中分离到的196株酵母样真菌,采用API-20Aux和ATBFUN GUS进行鉴定和药敏试验,所得结果进行统计分析。结果196株酵母样真菌中,分离率最多的前3种是白色念珠菌（80．5％）、葡萄牙念珠菌（9．5％）和光滑念珠菌（5．6％）,酵母样真菌对两性霉素B和制霉菌素敏感率最高,达94．5％和92．6％,5-氟胞嘧啶、咪康唑、益康唑和酮康唑只有43．6％～58．1％。结论真菌性阴道炎主要以白色念珠菌感染为主,感染的酵母菌除了对多烯类药物敏感率高外,对其他抗真菌药有不同程度的下降,应引起关注。     

临床标本中酵母样真菌的分离鉴定和药敏结果分析

目的调查目前临床标本中酵母样真菌感染现状及耐药性情况。方法常规分离临床标本中的酵母样真菌,用科玛嘉显色培养基及法国生物-梅里埃API20CAUX鉴定系统鉴定菌种,并用K—B法进行药敏试验。结果研究期间共分离到193例有临床意义的酵母样真菌,检出率较高的依次为白假丝酵母菌（62．7％）,热带假丝酵母菌（20．2％）,光滑球拟酵母菌（9．3％）。在6种抗真菌药中,对伊曲康唑、氟康唑的耐药率增高。结论近年来由酵母样真菌感染引起的疾病及其对常用抗真菌药物的耐药率有明显增加,应加强真菌的检测和耐药性监测工作,以指导临床合理使用药物。     

FCST法与ATB法在酵母样真菌药敏试验中的对比研究

目的探讨ATB（Automatic testing bacteriology）法和FCST（Flow Cytometry Susceptibility Testing）法在检测常见几类酵母样真菌对抗生素敏感性中的一致性。方法应用ATB法和FCST法检测153株酵母样真菌氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑、伏立康唑、伊曲康唑和两性霉素的敏感性。结果白假丝酵母菌对氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑、伏立康唑、伊曲康唑和两性霉素的Kappa检验值分别为0．593、1．000、0．542、0．624、0．467（P〈0．01）;其他酵母样真菌一致性较好。结论相对于ATB常规药敏试验,FCST具有快速、准确、稳定等优点,有着广泛的临床应用前景。     

四年间酵母样真菌感染的病原菌分布与耐药特征分析

目的了解临床酵母样真菌感染的流行特点及其耐药性,指导临床合理运用抗真菌药物。方法运用WHONET软件对中南大学湘雅三医院4年间临床分离出的酵母样真菌与其耐药进行回顾性分析。结果4年间临床酵母样真菌感染率由2002年的9.0%升至2005年的13.8%,白色念珠菌仍是引起临床感染的主要真菌,但其构成比由2002年的69.7%降至2005年的49.1%,而近平滑念珠菌的构成比4年间增加了9.5%,成为临床酵母样真菌感染的第二位病原菌。4年间临床酵母样真菌对唑类药物的耐药率增加了9.6%~16.8%。结论临床酵母样真菌引起的感染逐年增加,种类增多,对唑类药物的耐药情况日趋严重,应加强对临床真菌感染与耐药性情况的监测,以指导临床合理使用抗生素。     

MALDI-TOF-MS技术在酵母样真菌鉴定中的临床应用评价

目的评价基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of FlightMass Spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)技术对酵母样真菌鉴定的临床应用价值。方法将2015年6月~2016年6月临床检出的142株酵母样真菌标本同时采用MALDI-TOF-MS技术和传统真菌培养方法进行鉴定,记录结果并对结果进行对比分析。结果两种方法对于常见的白念珠菌、热带念珠菌、克柔念珠菌和新生隐球菌的鉴定率很高(100%),符合率较高(100%);对于少见的葡萄牙念珠菌、解脂念珠菌、产朊念珠菌,两种方法的符合率较低,分别为25.00%、00.00%、00.00%。结论 MALDI-TOF-MS技术对酵母样真菌的鉴定率较高,操作简便快速,是传统真菌培养鉴定的有力补充,可将其推广应用于酵母样真菌的早期快速鉴定。     

临床酵母样真菌的感染特点及耐药性研究

目的了解临床酵母样真菌的感染类型、分布以及耐药情况,为临床诊断治疗提供合理的用药依据.方法采用常规方法进行真菌培养,用科玛嘉显色培养基联合法国生物梅里埃API 20C AUX鉴定条进行鉴定,药敏试验采用微量稀释法.结果864株酵母样真菌中,白色念珠菌619株（71.6%）,其次为热带念珠菌116株（13.4%）和克柔念珠菌47株（5.4%）,非白色念珠菌感染的比例逐年上升（21.5%）.其中,呼吸道标本酵母样真菌检出率最高,达79.7%,其次是消化道为8.8%,泌尿道为4.7%.科室分布依次为干部科、呼吸科、急诊内科、血液科等;白色念珠菌对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶高度敏感,达90%以上,对氟康唑和伊曲康唑的敏感性有所降低.结论酵母样真菌的检出率与患者基础疾病密切相关;对氟康唑等药物的敏感性有下降的趋势,未发现对4种药物同时耐药的菌株,提示在治疗中,药敏监测是非常必要的.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.