无机盐和碳氮源对青霉PT95类胡萝卜素产率的影响*

供试的 4种无机盐中 ,K₂ HPO₄的单因子效应最好 ;K₂ HPO₄+KCl +MgSO₄表现出最好的正协同效应。 5种碳源都能被PT95菌株利用 ,麦芽糖和蔗糖是最适碳源。在以酵母膏为氮源的培养基上 ,PT95菌株的菌核生物量最高 ;而在以蛋白胨为氮源的培养基上 ,类胡萝卜素产率最高 ;铵盐和尿素对菌核形成不利 ;硝酸钠是最好的无机氮源。培养基中的含氮量保持在 0.24～ 0.48g L,含     

红树林植物促生菌SZ7-1 菌株的培养基优化

采用响应面分析法对红树林植物促生菌SZ7-1 菌株发酵培养基进行了优化。首先利用Plackett-Burman (PB)设计对影响SZ7-1 生长的11 个营养因素进行评价, 并筛选出显著影响因子:玉米糖浆、酵母膏和K₂HPO₄; 其次用最陡爬坡实验逼近以上三因素最优水平; 最后采用响应面法对该3 个显著因素的最佳水平范围进行研究, 得到的最佳浓度为: 玉米浆28 g/L、酵母膏14 g/L和K₂HPO₄ 2.2 g/L。在此条件下, 培养20 h 后SZ7-1 菌数达到2.6×10¹⁰ CFU/mL, 与优化前基础培养基、LB 和牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中生长的菌数相比, 分别提高了12.4、2.4 和5.5 倍。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B115优化培养及其对气单胞菌的抗菌效果的研究*

采用正交实验设计确定了枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B115的基础培养基成份为:胰蛋白胨1%,酵母膏0.25%,氯化钠0.5%;添加成份最优组合为(NH₄)₂SO₄0.1%,(K₂HPO₄+KH₂PO₄)(1.4+0.6)%和柠檬酸三钠0.1%;添加成分最优组合与基础培养基培养产量比较,表明添加K⁺     

发酵生产S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸培养条件的优化研究*

考察了摇瓶发酵生产S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸过程中碳源、氮源、无机盐和生长因子以及培养过程中补加L-蛋氨酸时间对S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的产量、含量及生物量的影响。并通过均匀实验设计对培养基配方进行优化,在30℃、180 r/m in的培养条件下,得到最后的培养基配方为:葡萄糖30g,酵母粉11g,(NH₄)₂SO₄12g,K₂HPO₄.3H₂O 5g,KH₂PO     

假单胞菌1299产胆固醇酯酶的研究——Ⅰ.适宜的产酶条件

从土壤中分离到一株产胞外胆固醇酯酶较高的假单胞菌。其适宜产酶条件:油脂0.75%脲素或NaNO₃ 0.2%,酵母膏0.5%,K₂HPO₄0.2%,pH7.5,28—30℃,通气培养,20小时内酶活力可达800—1500u/L。     

假单胞菌1299产胆固醇酯酶的研究 Ⅰ.适宜的产酶条件

从土壤中分离到一株产胞外胆固醇酯酶较高的假单胞菌。其适宜产酶条件:油脂0.75%,脲素或NaNO₃0.2%,酵母膏0.5%,K₂HPO₄0.2%,pH7.5,28—30℃,通气培养,20小时内酶活力可达800—1500u/L。     

保水功能菌枯草芽胞杆菌LX-1固态发酵的工艺优化

γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)对土壤保水和提高植物抗逆性具有明显作用,为了利用农产品加工下脚料发酵生产含有γ-PGA的保水功能肥料,对福建省微生物研究所环境微生物研究室分离到的产γ-PGA的枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)LX-1的固态发酵培养基配比进行优化。实验以发酵产物的荧光素双醋酸酯酶(FDA)酶活和增比黏度为指标,在通过单因素实验选定固态发酵料的碳源、氮源、无机盐溶液的最佳配比以及无机盐较佳添加量的基础上,通过拟水平均匀设计U₇* (7⁴试验,得出菌株LX-1固态发酵的最佳培养基配方：V豆粕V麦麸V无机盐溶液=644,其中无机盐溶液的最佳配方为K₂HPO₄·3H₂O 5.24 g/L、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.78 g/L、NaCl 11.67 g/L。为利用农产品加工下脚料发酵生产含γ-PGA保水肥料提供参考。     

假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺研究

对假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺条件进行了一系列研究。选择了合适的培养基成分并进行优化 ,获得了最优的摇瓶培养基配方 (% ,W/V) :豆油 4.0 ,全脂豆粉 4.0 ,K₂HPO₄0.1,KH₂PO₄ 0.1。产酶水平能达到 5000IU/mL。在 30L发酵罐上进行初步放大实验 ,其产酶水平能达到 8100IU/mL。在1m³发酵罐上进行中试放大 ,产酶水平可达到 8000IU/mL。     

广东从化温泉水体原核微生物多样性及其酶活筛选

为了解广东从化温泉的原核微生物多样性及其产纤维素酶、淀粉酶的能力,选取从化3个地热区的7个温泉样点,现场测量各采样点的水体理化参数,并采集温泉水样品。利用免培养技术对从化温泉环境样品基因组的16S rRNA基因进行扩增,利用高通量测序技术,分析从化温泉环境原核微生物群落结构及多样性。同时,借助纯培养技术,对7个样点的微生物进行分离纯化,并将菌株接种于以微晶纤维素或淀粉为唯一碳源的培养基中,检测其纤维素酶、淀粉酶活性。免培养结果显示,广东从化温泉环境原核微生物群落以细菌为主,群落结构与总碳含量相关性最大。通过选择性分离培养,共获得71株细菌,分属于17个不同的属,其中有9株属于潜在新分类单元,其中67.61%有纤维素酶活性,18.31%有淀粉酶活性。广东从化温泉中存在丰富多样的原核微生物类群,且蕴藏大量具有产生纤维素酶、淀粉酶活性的菌株,极具进一步发掘和研究的价值。     

珠江口野生棘线鲬胃肠道微生物多样性

【背景】野生棘线鲬(Grammoplites scaber)具有丰富的营养价值,但关于其胃肠道微生物方面的研究较少。【目的】研究棘线鲬胃肠道微生物群落特征,以揭示其潜在的益生菌和致病菌,为其健康生长的微生物群落调控提供依据。【方法】利用免培养和纯培养技术相结合的方式对来自珠江口的野生棘线鲬胃肠道样品进行了研究。【结果】通过对16S rRNA基因V3区高通量扩增测序,共得到456个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTU)。分析结果显示,在门水平上,棘线鲬胃肠道内的主要优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。在属级水平上,梭菌属(Clostridium)在棘线鲬胃肠道样品中普遍存在,综合占比为57.11%。基于16S rRNA基因进行表型和功能预测的结果表明,棘线鲬胃肠道内有益菌和潜在致病菌同时存在且有功能相互制约的趋势。纯培养实验采用12种不同的培养基进行选择性分离,共获得纯培养菌株99株,归类于3个门(Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Actinobacteria) 4个纲10个目10个科13个属,其中优势类群为变形菌门(占比50.51%),实现纯培养最多的属级类群为嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)。【结论】揭示了野生棘线鲬胃肠道微环境微生物的物种组成与多样性,可以为硬骨鱼类核心肠道菌群的研究提供基础参考。此外,有益和有害菌群的揭示可为野生棘线鲬作为海洋食物资源利用的食品安全提供一定的借鉴,为发展海洋渔业养殖提供数据支撑。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.