天胡荽属药用植物的积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷的含量测定

目的:建立天胡荽属植物的积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷HPLC含量分析的方法,为开发利用天胡荽属植物药用资源奠定基础。方法:以积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷为指标成分,采用高效液相色谱法,以Symmetry C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱;乙腈-水(29∶71,v/v)为流动相;流速0.8 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长210 nm,外标法进行测定。结果:积雪草苷的回归方程为:Y=34 958X+154 822 R2=0.999 1(n=8),羟基积雪草苷的回归方程为:Y=114 318X-21 002 R2=0.999 2(n=8),结果表明线性关系与分离度良好,平均加样回收率为99.98%、100.53%,RSD为1.86%、2.31%。结论:该方法稳定性、重复性良好,可做为天胡荽属药用资源的评价方法之一,实验结果为野生与栽培资源的开发与利用奠定了基础。     

高效液相法同时测定大鼠脑组织中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷浓度

目的:建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时测定脑组织中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷浓度的方法。方法:大鼠尾静脉注射积雪草苷、羟基积雪草苷和积雪草总苷,30 min后用生理盐水进行心脏灌注,去除脑组织中残留血液,取脑组织,经甲醇沉淀蛋白后,利用HPLC测定脑组织中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷浓度。结果:积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷在0.5-12μg/mL线性关系良好,定量下限为0.5μg/mL,日内和日间精密度(RSD)均小于15%,准确度(RE)在-5.25%-9.16%,提取回收率在70.54%-102.61%。结论:该方法符合生物样品测定要求,可以同时测定大鼠脑组织中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷的浓度。     

正交试验优化乙醇回流提取积雪草苷的工艺研究

为了优化积雪草中积雪草苷的提取工艺,本研究采用乙醇回流法,以积雪液草苷含量为研究指标,在单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验设计,考察乙醇浓度、液料比、粉碎粒度以及提取时间等因素对提取结果的影响。结果表明,积雪草苷的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度70%、液料比10∶1、粉碎粒度140目、提取时间6h,该工艺条件下积雪草苷的提取含量达到8.32mg·g-1。     

心痛宁滴丸中香附的薄层色谱鉴别及HPLC法测阿魏酸的含量

目的建立心痛宁滴丸中香附的薄层色谱鉴别和阿魏酸的分析方法。方法用TLC法鉴别香附中的α-香附酮;用HPLC法测定川芎中阿魏酸的含量,Hypersil ODS-C18分析柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）检测,波长：323 nm,流动相：甲醇-水-冰醋酸（30∶70∶0.7）,流速：l ml/min,柱温：室温。结果薄层法鉴别香附中的香附酮结果满意;HPLC法测阿魏酸,线性范围0.005-0.5μg（r=0.9999）,回收率分别为98.0%（n=6）。结论上述方法准确、专属性强,可作为心痛宁滴丸的香附定性和阿魏酸定量的分析方法。     

HPLC法测定积雪草总苷转化产物中积雪草酸B单葡萄糖苷、羟基积雪草酸单葡萄糖苷和积雪草酸单葡萄糖苷的含量

本文建立了积雪草总苷转化产物中积雪草酸B单葡萄糖苷、羟基积雪草酸单葡萄糖苷和积雪草酸单葡萄糖苷含量的测定方法。采用Agilent 1100 Series高效液相色谱仪,Welch Materials,XB-C18(250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-4 mmol/Lβ-CD溶液(1～15 min:26∶74;15～45 min:28∶72;45～60 min:29∶71,磷酸调节至pH 2.8)梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为204 nm的方法。积雪草酸B单葡萄糖苷、羟基积雪草酸单葡萄糖苷和积雪草酸单葡萄糖苷依次在0.6～6.0μg、1.24～12.4μg和1.34～13.4μg范围内线性关系良好,Y=335.19X-4.7855(r=0.9999)、Y=303.61X-15.208(0.9998)和Y=281.77X-16.357(0.9999);平均加样回收率(n=6)依次为97.59%、100.19%和100.33%,RSD分别为1.70%、0.91%和0.45%。方法学研究结果表明该方法准确、可靠,适用于积雪草总苷转化产物中积雪草酸B单葡萄糖苷、羟基积雪草酸单葡萄糖苷和积雪草酸单葡萄糖苷的含量测定。     

蕨菜黄酮苷元的组成及含量测定研究

以80%乙醇浸提经乙醚脱脂预处理的干蕨菜粉,减压回收乙醇得浓缩液.浓缩液以8%硫酸沸水浴水解3 h后,加入20%NaOH中和至弱酸性,过滤,滤渣以三氯甲烷索氏提取获总蕨菜黄酮苷元.TLC法检测总黄酮苷元的组成,HPLC法测定其主要苷元的含量.结果表明,通过酸水解获得总蕨菜黄酮苷元,其主要成分为山奈酚,含量约占蕨菜干重的1.9%.     

HPLC法测定葛花中鸢尾苷的含量

目的：测定8个产地葛花中鸢尾苷的含量,建立葛花中鸢尾苷含量测定的HPLC方法。方法：采用GRACEC18（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速为0.8mL/min,紫外检测波长为265nm;柱温为室温。结果：鸢尾苷的峰面积（Y）与浓度（X）在11.8～236.4μg/mL范围内具有良好线性关系,Y=34920X-1156.5,r=0.9995（n=7）;平均加样回收率为103.66%,RSD〈2%（n=9）;测得8批不同产地的葛花药材中鸢尾苷含量在37.00～113.1mg/g。结论：建立了高效液相色谱法测定葛花中鸢尾苷含量的方法,该法准确、可靠,可用于葛花中主要成分鸢尾苷的含量测定;不同产地葛花中均检测到鸢尾苷,但其含量有一定区别。     

HPLC测定7种龙胆科植物花中龙胆苦苷与獐牙菜苦苷的含量

目的:建立7种龙胆花中龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苦苷含量测定的HPLC方法。方法:采用微波辅助动态回流法进行提取,色谱条件:Fusion-RP 80 A C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱(0~25 min:15%~30%);流速:1 mL/min;柱温:30℃;检测波长240 nm。结果:7种龙胆花中獐牙菜苦苷和龙胆苦苷的色谱峰与共存组分完全达到基线分离,线性范围分别为0.105~0.945μg(r=0.999 9),0.3~0.7μg(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率分别为97.8%(RSD=1.02%),98.9%(RSD=1.51%)。结论:所建立的方法测定快速,结果准确可靠。     

不同采收期连翘叶中连翘苷、连翘酯苷和芦丁的含量测定

采用HPLC法测定不同采收期的连翘叶中连翘苷、连翘酯苷和芦丁的含量,综合比较各指标用以评价连翘叶的质量及其最佳的采收期。结果显示：连翘苷以5月份含量最高;连翘酯苷和芦丁以6月份含量最高,连翘叶以5、6月份采收为最佳。     

HPLC 法测定不同来源槐角中槐角苷含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定槐角中槐角苷含量测定方法并检测不同来源槐角中槐角苷的含量。方法:Luna 5u C18(2)100A柱(250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm),柱温为35℃,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-1%冰醋酸(40:5:55),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为260 nm。结果:槐角苷质量浓度在14.58 mg/L～53.46 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为y=110353x-274717(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.5%,RSD为1.27%;不同来源槐角中槐角苷含量范围4.27%～8.78%。结论:该方法简便、快速、灵敏、可靠;不同来源的槐角中槐角苷含量有较大差异,其中以陕北黄土高原品种含量最高,可为槐角的质量保证提供依据。     

Asiaticoside hinders the invasive growth of keloid fibroblasts through inhibition of the GDF‐9/MAPK/Smad pathway

Higher expression of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) in keloids compared with hypertrophic scars and normal skin tissues has been reported recently. The present study was performed to investigate the role of GDF‐9 in keloid pathogenesis, and to elucidate its implication for asiaticoside in the keloid management. The data showed that GDF‐9 could enhance the proliferation, migration, and invasion of keloid fibroblasts (KFs), while it only slightly elevated collagen expression, indicating that the effect of GDF‐9 was opposite to that of TGF‐β1. The bioactivity difference between GDF‐9 and TGF‐β1 could be explained by the different phosphorylated sites on the downstream Smad2/3. Moreover, asiaticoside could inhibit GDF‐9‐induced activation of MAPKs and Smad pathway in KFs. In conclusion, GDF‐9 enhanced the invasive growth of KFs, which was achieved by phosphorylation of Smad 2/3 at the linker region through activation of MAPKs pathway. Asiaticoside hindered the invasive growth of KFs by inhibiting the GDF‐9/MAPK/Smad pathway.     

Asiaticoside might attenuate bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating cAMP and Rap1 signalling pathway assisted by A2AR

Asiaticoside (AS) has been reported to have protective effect on pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential mechanism of the therapeutic role of AS and its relationship with A2AR in PF. Adenosine 2A receptor gene knockout (A2AR^?/?) mice and wild‐type (WT) mice were used to establish bleomycin (BLM)‐induced PF models and were then treated with AS (50 mg/kg/d). Pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the PF model with much higher severity in A2AR^?/?mice than that in WT mice and AS significantly alleviated lung inflammation and fibrosis; however, it was less effective in A2AR^?/? mice than in WT mice via histopathological analysis. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we found up‐regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BLM group were enriched in immune and inflammation‐associated pathways compared with control group. There were 242 common DEGs between down‐regulated in BLM vs control group and up‐regulated in BLM + AS vs BLM group, which were enriched in cAMP and Rap1 signalling pathways. Furthermore, the expression of five key factors of these two pathways including adenylate cyclase (ADCY1, ADCY5, ADCY8, cAMP and Rap1) were confirmed up‐regulated by AS with the presence of A2AR. Therefore, AS might attenuate BLM‐induced PF by activating cAMP and Rap1 signalling pathways which is assisted by A2AR, making it a promising therapeutic optional for PF.     

Propionibacterium acnes related anti-inflammation and skin hydration activities of madecassoside,a pentacyclic triterpene saponin from Centella asiatica

Madecassoside is a major pentacyclic triterpene saponin from Centella asiatica with multiple pharmaceutical activities. In this study, we focused on its Propionibacterium acnes related anti-inflammation and skin hydration activities, both of which play important roles in skin homeostasis and barrier function. Madecassoside significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, TLR2 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in P. acnes stimulated THP-1 human monocytic cells. In addition, madecasssoside exhibited significant effects on enhancement of skin hydration through increasing the key moisturizing contributors of aquaporin-3, loricrin and involucrin in HaCaT keratinocytes as well as hyaluronan (HA) secretion in human dermal fibroblasts. The upregulation of HA synthases (HAS1, HAS2, HAS3) and inhibition to ROS formation accounted for the increment of HA content. Together, the in vitro study implied the potential medical and cosmetic application of madecassoside in skin protection.     

In silico analysis of accurate proteomics, complemented by selective isolation of peptides

Protein identification by mass spectrometry is mainly based on MS/MS spectra and the accuracy of molecular mass determination. However, the high complexity and dynamic ranges for any species of proteomic samples, surpass the separation capacity and detection power of the most advanced multidimensional liquid chromatographs and mass spectrometers. Only a tiny portion of signals is selected for MS/MS experiments and a still considerable number of them do not provide reliable peptide identification. In this article, an in silico analysis for a novel methodology of peptides and proteins identification is described. The approach is based on mass accuracy, isoelectric point (pI), retention time (t(R)) and N-terminal amino acid determination as protein identification criteria regardless of high quality MS/MS spectra. When the methodology was combined with the selective isolation methods, the number of unique peptides and identified proteins increases. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology, an OFFGEL-LC-MS/MS experiment was also implemented. We compared the more reliable peptide identified with MS/MS information, and peptide identified with three experimental features (pI, t(R), molecular mass). Also, two theoretical assumptions from MS/MS identification (selective isolation of peptides and N-terminal amino acid) were analyzed. Our results show that using the information provided by these features and selective isolation methods we could found the 93% of the high confidence protein identified by MS/MS with false-positive rate lower than 5%.     

Combined use of LC/MS and a biological test for rapid identification of marine mycotoxins produced by Trichoderma koningii.

Trichoderma koningii Oudemans, a strain isolated from a shellfish farming area, was selected for its high frequency in samples and its ability to produce metabolites when cultured in natural seawater. Combined use of LC/MS and a biological test on blowfly larvae allowed the characterization of four compounds after purification in only two steps (VLC and HPLC). ESI/MS, a powerful tool for rapid identification and sequence determination of peptides, confirmed that these compounds were peptide, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and amino alcohol (peptaibols), the usual metabolites of Trichoderma.     

Identification of European (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Siberian (C. pygargus Pall.) roe deer hybrids by microsatellite marker analysis

An analysis of 130 tissue specimens of the European (Capreolus capreolus) and the Siberian (C. pygargus) roe deer from nine regions of Russia and Ukraine using microsatellite loci analysis was conducted, aimed at the identification of hybrid animals. An optimized complex of 21 microsatellite loci was selected for the determination of species specificity and the search for interspecies hybrids. Hybrid animals were revealed in the Moscow and Volgograd regions. Their ratio in the total sample obtained in the European part of Russia was 11.9%.     

Hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.): identification and parentage determination by RAPD fingerprinting

Summary DNA from three families of rice plants selected in Northern China (each comprising the male sterile, the restorer, the hybrid F1 and the maintainer lines) has been extracted and amplified by PCR with different random DNA primers (RAPD analysis). Then, DNA has been analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA bands scored as present or absent. The generated matrices are reproducible and amenable for identification of each single plant line. Thus, RAPD fingerprinting of the inbred parental lines and of the resulting hybrid is proposed as a convenient tool for the identification, protection and parentage determination of plant hybrids. Furthermore, by offering a molecular tool to verify the degree of dissimilarity between the parental lines, the RAPD analysis may also be used to search for new parental combinations.     

乌梅丸水提液中多糖理化性质分析及预防结肠炎的作用

目的:考察乌梅丸水提液中多糖含量,建立HPLC法分析乌梅丸多糖分子量及单糖组成方法,观察其对右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)所致小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的预防作用,为乌梅丸临床用药及药理活性成分的研究提供依据。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取多糖;硫酸-苯酚法测定乌梅丸多糖含量;凝胶色谱法-龙智达分子量工作站测定多糖分子量;PMP柱前衍生化法HPLC分析单糖组成;DSS(3%)法建立UC小鼠模型。ICR小鼠50只随机分为5组:正常组,模型组,乌梅丸多糖2.5%,5%,10%剂量组,每组10只。造模前7天,在乌梅丸多糖治疗各组的小鼠饮水中添加乌梅丸多糖,一直给药维持至实验结束(第14天)。结果:葡萄糖在0~0.08 mg·m L-1浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.998);右旋葡聚糖酐标准品分子量在2500~2000000 Da范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.998);乌梅丸水提液中多糖含量为40.3%,纯化的乌梅丸多糖糖含量为91.6%;分子量范围在171343~525009 Da之间,分布系数D=1.18;其多糖的单糖组成主要为甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成,其相对含量比为1.8:1.0:19.3:32.8:4.2;乌梅丸多糖能降低结肠组织损伤程度。结论:多糖可能是乌梅丸汤剂中有效的活性成分,对小鼠UC有一定的防治作用,其理化性质分析方法简便快速,结果准确,重复性好,可作为乌梅丸多糖的质量控制方法。