产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌AmpC酶的检测及耐药性分析

目的了解深圳市人民医院产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌中产AmpC酶的情况及其耐药性。方法收集产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌临床株126株,应用Tris-EDTA纸片法检测AmpC酶。用琼脂稀释法测定菌株对11种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果126株ESBLs阳性的肺炎克雷伯菌中12株检出AmpC酶,检出率为9.5%。AmpC阳性菌株对头孢西丁、头孢他啶、氨曲南、氨苄西林/舒巴坦和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率达100%,对阿米卡星和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率分别为83.3%和33.3%,其中头孢西丁、头孢他啶、氨曲南、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、阿米卡星和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率显著高于AmpC阴性株（P〈0.05）。结论深圳市人民医院产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌中检出AmpC酶阳性株,其耐药性强于单产ESBLs菌株。     

妇科肿瘤患者尿液主要致病菌分布及大肠埃希菌耐药性的分析

目的探讨妇科肿瘤患者尿路感染情况。方法对688份尿液标本中主要致病菌分布及主要菌大肠埃希菌的药敏进行了总结和分析。结果尿液中主要菌为大肠埃希菌(59．3％),粪肠球菌(11．1％),铜绿假单胞菌(6．3％)。大肠埃希菌中产ESNLs菌株占51．8％,大肠埃希菌对青霉素类、头孢类耐药率均大于50％,对喹诺酮类耐药率大于70％,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林。舒巴坦、阿莫西林-棒酸、替卡西林-棒酸耐药率很高,不适合用于临床治疗,对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦和头孢哌酮-舒巴坦敏感率均在90％左右。结论     

头孢他啶耐药褪色沙雷菌β-内酰胺酶检测及耐药性分析

目的了解头孢他啶耐药褪色沙雷菌临床分离株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）、头孢菌素酶（AmpC）及碳青霉烯酶情况,并分析其对14种常见抗菌药物的耐药性。方法 ESBLs、AmpC采用三维试验进行检测;碳青霉烯酶采用改良Hodge试验进行检测;药物敏感试验采用K-B法测定。结果 112株头孢他啶耐药褪色沙雷菌ESBLs、AmpC检出率较高;未发现同产ESBLs、AmpC及碳青霉烯酶3种酶的菌株。产ESBLs、AmpC褪色沙雷菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南的耐药率低于6.00%,与非产酶菌株相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢比肟的耐药率均明显高于非产酶菌株（P〈0.01）。另外,同产ESBLs＋AmpC头孢他啶耐药褪色沙雷菌分离株与单产酶株相比,对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢比肟、复方新诺等多种抗生素耐药率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。碳青霉烯酶株对14种常见抗生素多重耐药或泛耐药。结论我院头孢他啶耐药褪色沙雷菌分离株对常用抗菌药物的耐药性较高,耐药性的产生与细菌产多种β-内酰胺酶有关。     

老年患者难愈性创面的病原菌分布及耐药性

目的分析老年患者难愈性创面的病原菌分布及耐药情况。方法对2011年1月至2014年12月间中国人民解放军第八五医院烧伤外科收治老年难愈性创面患者创面分离出的病原菌,采用VITEK2全自动微生物分析仪对病原菌进行鉴定,K-B纸片扩散法进行药物敏感试验,数据统计采用SPSS 17.0软件处理。结果分离出病原菌132株,其中革兰阳性菌28株(21.21%),革兰阴性菌104株(78.79%)。常见病原菌为铜绿假单胞菌(42株,31.82%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(21株,15.91%)、大肠埃希菌(20株,15.15%)和鲍曼不动杆菌(16株,12.12%)。革兰阳性菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、红霉素、克林霉素、环丙沙星、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢曲松的耐药率高于70%,对万古霉素、利奈唑烷、达托霉素和奎奴普丁/达福普汀的耐药率均为0%。革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢唑林、替卡西林/克拉维酸的耐药率高于70%,对头孢噻肟、左氧氟沙星、头孢呋辛、头孢吡肟的耐药率介于50%~70%,对美罗培南、亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率低于30%。结论老年患者难愈性创面病原菌以革兰阴性菌居多,病原菌耐药严重,应引起临床重视。     

肝移植患者术后感染革兰阴性杆菌的分布及其耐药性分析

目的了解肝移植患者术后感染革兰阴性杆菌(G-杆菌)的分布及其耐药性,供临床治疗借鉴。方法采用回顾性分析2003年9月至2005年11月间,从我院肝移植中心103例肝移植术后患者送检的标本中分离到的467株G-杆菌的分布及其耐药情况。结果G-杆菌中,肠杆菌科占77.9%(364/467),最多前3种是大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌,非发酵菌占22.1%(103/467),最多前3种是嗜麦芽假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌,检出产ESBLs菌148株,检出率为31.7%(148/467),产ESBLs最严重的细菌分别是铜绿假单胞菌(45.7%)、阴沟肠杆菌(41.8%)、嗜麦芽假单胞菌(40.54%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(34.9%)、大肠埃希菌(32.3%),肠杆菌科耐药率最高依次为哌拉西林、氨苄西林、替卡西林、氨曲南,在89.66%-94.13%,耐药率较低依次是亚胺培南、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶,在5.45%-43.1%,非发酵菌耐药率最高是四环素、氨曲南、哌拉西林、头孢曲松,在59.84%-90.31%,耐药特率最低是阿米卡星、亚胺培南、妥布霉素、替卡西林/克拉维酸,在15.51%-27.63%。结论肝移植患者术后感染的G-杆菌产ESBLs菌高,耐药性严重,应引起关注。     

综合ICU危重症患者大肠埃希菌致尿路感染菌群特点及耐药性

目的分析综合ICU危重症患者大肠埃希菌致尿路感染病原菌的分布特点和耐药性。方法收集2012-2014年宁波市北仑区第二人民医院128例综合ICU危重症患者大肠埃希菌致尿路感染的清洁中段尿液培养标本,分别进行细菌鉴定、药敏试验及超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检测。结果 128例患者共分离出大肠埃希菌128株,2012-2014年每年留置尿管患者检出的产ESBLs菌株数均多于非留置尿管患者,但差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。产ESBLs菌株对头孢唑林、头孢呋辛完全耐药,对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢替坦较为敏感,对亚胺培南的敏感性最强。产ESBLs菌株对大部分抗菌药物的耐药性均高于非产ESBLs菌株,部分耐药性的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大肠埃希菌产ESBLs菌株对多数抗菌药物存在较高的耐药性,但对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢替坦、亚胺培南的耐药性较低,可作为治疗大肠埃希菌致尿路感染优先抗菌药物。     

某医院2007年至2009年医院感染不动杆菌属耐药调查分析

目的了解医院感染不动杆菌属细菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药现状。方法对2007年至2009年852例不动杆菌属医院感染病例进行回顾性调查及耐药情况统计。结果不动杆菌属主要来源于痰液(60%)和血液(8%)标本,3年间17种抗生素耐药水平差异均有统计学意义;852株不动杆菌属对17种抗菌药物总耐药率:头孢哌酮/舒巴坦35.13%、亚胺培南/西司他丁46.4%、美罗培南51.0%、阿米卡星64.7%、四环素66.7%、左氧氟沙星67.1%、替卡西林/克拉维酸67.8%、环丙沙星68.0%、头孢吡肟68.7%、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦70.1%、头孢他啶70.5%、头孢曲松71.6%、头孢噻肟72.8%、庆大霉素73.5%、哌拉西林73.8%、复方新诺明77.3%和头孢哌酮86.8%。结论不动杆菌属细菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药现象严重,仅头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南/西司他丁、美罗培南保持相对高的抗菌活性。     

广州地区不动杆菌耐药调查

目的：了解广州地区不动杆菌属的耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。方法：对广州地区12家医院1998年至2001年从临床分离的436株不动杆菌属,严格按照NCCLS规定的标准用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果：对12种抗生素的耐药监测发现,不动杆菌属对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、氨苄西林／舒巴坦、替卡西林／克拉维酸和哌拉西林／三唑巴坦耐药率分别为2．8％、5．6％、14．6％、14．6％和27．0％,对其他抗生素耐药率较高。结论：本地区不动杆菌耐药现象较普遍,应引起临床高度重视。     

血流感染产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌毒力基因及 分子分型研究

目的研究血流感染产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的毒力基因和基因分型特点。方法采用PCR检测菌株中高毒力因子、荚膜血清型以及ST分型;采用微量肉汤稀释法对菌株进行药敏试验;采用加克拉维酸的复合药(头孢他啶/克拉维酸或头孢噻肟/克拉维酸)与单药(头孢噻肟或头孢他啶)的药敏纸片组合进行肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs的表型确证试验。结果 128株血流感染肺炎克雷伯菌中,有23株产ESBLs(产ESBLs组),占17.97%(23/128);105株不产ESBLs(非产ESBLs组),占82.03%(105/125)。本地区血流感染肺炎克雷伯菌主要流行ST型别为ST23、ST65、ST37和ST29,其中ST23、ST29、ST65为非产ESBLs的优势ST型别菌株,而在产ESBLs菌株中无优势型别。两组菌在高黏液表型、荚膜血清型和毒力基因分布上差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。产EBSLs组中发现8株高毒力产EBSLs肺炎克雷伯菌。结论临床诊疗中需在肺炎克雷伯菌耐药株中识别出高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌并给与及时的治疗,避免其并发症的发生。     

173株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的菌群分布及对常用抗生素的药物敏感分析

目的了解嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的菌群分布及耐药性。方法用VITEK-60细菌鉴定仪对病原菌进行测定,药敏分析采用K-B法。结果嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌引起的感染主要在重症监护病区和呼吸病区,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,复方新诺明、头孢他啶、替卡西林/克拉维酸、氧氟沙星的敏感率最高分别为81.8%、70.6%、68.6%、66.5%、62.5%。其余药物的耐药率均达50%。结论明确病原菌并根据药敏结果合理使用有效抗生素极为重要。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV