实时荧光定量PCR检测RSV胁迫下抗病、感病水稻中与脱落酸相关基因的差异表达

采用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定了水稻条纹病毒(Rice stripe virus,RSV)胁迫下抗性不同品种水稻中与脱落酸相关基因的mRNA转录水平变化.结果表明:感病品种武育梗3号中WGPI、OsGASA2、Polcalcin、OsCBIA、Myb和OsCIPK15基因表达水平均上调,上调比率分别为4.96、5.17、2.01、5.17、12.04和7.84.而抗病品系KT 95-418中,OsGASA2和OsCIPK15基因表达水平下调,下调比率分别为1/5.40和1/2.08;Polcalcin和Myb基因表达水平上调,上调比率分别为4.20和3.86;WGPI和OsCBIA表达量变化不明显.这些结果表明,RSV胁迫能诱导脱落酸相关基因表达量的变化,并且在抗病、感病水稻品种中的表达特征不同,从而提示植物激素脱落酸可能调控了RSV胁迫条件下相关基因的表达.     

水稻PHD-finger转录因子基因OsMsr16增强耐盐性的可能性研究

Os Msr16(Oryza sativa L.multi-stress-responsive gene 16)是一个新的水稻植物同源结构域(PHD)-finger家族转录因子基因。之前研究显示,Os Msr16受到低温、高温和干旱胁迫的诱导表达。本研究中,q RT-PCR分析表明Os Msr16同样受到盐胁迫的诱导表达,推测该基因可能参与植物在高盐胁迫下的生理调控。苗期盐处理条件下,与对照相比,过表达Os Msr16的转基因水稻植株叶片失绿面积较少,存活率更高。盐胁迫条件下,转基因植株中积累更高含量的脯氨酸和可溶性糖,而丙二醛含量和双氧水含量明显降低。转基因植株中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性明显高于对照。以上结果说明Os Msr16基因可能在植物防御盐胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。     

过表达OsCatC基因水稻的获得及其耐盐性机理分析

过氧化氢酶C(Catalase C,CatC)作为重要的抗氧化酶,在水稻发育和胁迫响应方面起重要作用。为了探究CatC在盐胁迫响应中的功能及其作用机制,该研究构建了OsCatC过表达转基因水稻,并比较了其耐盐性和相关抗逆生理指标的变化。结果表明:(1)成功构建过量表达载体pCUbi1390-OsCatC-Flag,并经农杆菌介导的愈伤组织转化获得了30个独立转基因株系(T0),Western blot鉴定T1代幼苗共获得2个OsCatC过表达株系(OE-10、OE-18);qRT-PCR分析发现,OE-10和OE-18株系的OsCatC转录水平显著高于野生型(WT),证明OsCatC基因已成功过表达于转基因株系(OE-10、OE-18)中,且能正常翻译为融合蛋白CatC-Flag。(2)正常水培条件下,OE-10和OE-18与WT的水稻幼苗长势无明显差异,200 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理7 d后再恢复水培10 d时,OE-10和OE-18幼苗的存活率为20%~25%,而WT幼苗绝大部分则干枯死亡,存活率仅为5%左右。(3)与WT相比,OsCatC过表达水稻(OE-10和OE-18)幼苗的耐盐性显著增强,其盐胁迫下的相对电导率、丙二醛和H₂O₂含量显著降低,过氧化氢酶活性显著升高;4μmol·L^-1甲基紫精(MV)处理7 d后,OE-10和OE-18生长受抑制程度显著小于WT,且幼苗的长度均显著大于WT,表现出较强的氧化胁迫耐受性。研究发现,CatC主要通过降解盐胁迫下过量积累的H₂O₂,减轻氧化损伤,从而提高水稻的耐盐性,证明过表达OsCatC能显著提高水稻对盐胁迫的耐受性,且OsCatC是一个非常好的水稻耐盐候选基因。     

水稻Bph14基因生理功能初探

Bph14基因是第一个被克隆的水稻抗虫基因,但鲜有Bph14基因对水稻生理方面影响的报道。研究该基因对水稻生理方面的影响有助于全面理解Bph14基因对褐飞虱的抗性机制。将Bph14基因转入水稻栽培品种中,对携带有外源基因的转基因株系通过荧光定量PCR检测乙烯合成和非生物胁迫相关基因的表达,另外,分别用5μmol/L ABA和250 mmol/L Na Cl处理转基因水稻株系和相应受体材料,结果表明,与乙烯合成相关的基因Os ACO2,Os ACS2,Os ACS6,O1g P5CS和O5g P5CS的表达量均较转基因受体m5274发生了变化,与干旱、耐盐等非生物胁迫相关的基因Cat A、Cat B、Cat C、RAB16A、LEA3、LIP9、Sal T、Adh I等也都不同于在受体m5274中的表达。同时Bph14基因的导入也提高了水稻对ABA的敏感性和对盐胁迫的耐受性,说明Bph14基因在水稻中可能参与调控乙烯合成以及非生物胁迫应答的功能基因的表达。     

水稻含有B-box锌指结构域的OsBBX25蛋白参与植物对非生物胁迫的响应

锌指蛋白在调控植物生长发育和应对逆境过程中发挥着重要作用.为进一步研究锌指类蛋白参与植物非生物胁迫响应的分子机制,对水稻(Oryza sativa)中一个编码含有B-box锌指结构域蛋白的OsBBX25基因进行了功能分析.OsBBX25受盐、干旱和ABA诱导表达.异源表达OsBBX25的转基因拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)与野生型相比对盐和干旱的耐受性增强,且盐胁迫条件下转基因植物中KIN1、RD29A和COR15的表达上调,干旱胁迫下KIN1、RD29A和RD22的表达上调.外源施加ABA时,转基因植物的萌发率与野生型之间没有明显差异.OsBBX25可能作为转录调控的辅助因子调节胁迫应答相关基因的表达,进而参与植物对非生物胁迫的响应.     

超表达AVP1基因提高甜菜的耐低磷和耐盐抗旱性

为探讨H⁺-焦磷酸酶编码基因对甜菜磷吸收和抗性的影响，实现优良基因在甜菜基因工程中的利用，研究在甜菜中超表达拟南芥液泡膜H⁺-焦磷酸酶编码基因AVP1,对转基因甜菜分析其耐低磷、耐盐性和抗旱性。结果显示，AVP1基因在甜菜植株的叶片和块根中表达，且在逆境胁迫下增强表达量响应胁迫；低磷处理条件下，转基因甜菜与野生型甜菜相比具有更高的含磷量，可提高甜菜对磷的吸收利用效率；干旱、盐胁迫处理条件下，AVP1基因在转基因甜菜中显著上升，在盐胁迫或干旱处理条件下，转基因植株的生长受抑程度相对较轻。随着盐和干旱胁迫的加剧，转基因植株体内MDA含量与野生型植株相比较低而脯氨酸含量显著增加，AVP1基因可通过减轻逆境对甜菜细胞膜的损伤及提高甜菜细胞的渗透调节能力，进而增强甜菜对高盐和干旱胁迫的抗性。     

过量表达谷胱甘肽转移酶基因对转基因拟南芥抗旱能力的影响

盐地碱蓬谷胱甘肽转移酶基因（OST）在拟南芥中过量表达后,在干旱胁迫下,转基因拟南芥植株的干重比野生型植株高,其总谷胱甘肽含量和谷胱甘肽库的氧化水平都比野生型植株的高,而丙二醛含量则比野生型的低。这些显示转基因拟南芥的抗干旱胁迫能力有所增强。     

OsPHGPx基因的过量表达增强水稻抗氧化能力

植物在生物或非生物胁迫下会通过表达磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(PHGPx)来抵御胁迫引起的氧化损伤,但是PHGPx在植物体内抗氧化途径中所扮演的生理角色目前尚不完全清楚。利用农杆菌遗传转化技术,构建了过表达Os PHGPx基因的转基因水稻,并对转基因水稻进行了PCR、实时定量PCR以及Western blot等检测分析,结果表明Os PHGPx基因已成功转入水稻并正常表达。与野生型水稻相比,这些过量表达Os PHGPx的转基因水稻抵御百草枯氧化伤害的能力提高。     

盐胁迫下OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻的生理特性及转录组学分析

为探究盐胁迫下OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻的生理特性和差异基因的表达调控,以中花11(ZH11)植株为对照,对OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻幼苗进行生理特性和转录组学分析,结果表明:正常条件下,ZH11和Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻中叶绿素含量和根部Na+/K+均显著低于ZH11,其他各项生理指标均没有显著性差异,而盐胁迫处理后,Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻中的叶绿素含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与ZH11相比没有明显变化,但转基因植株中的细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、Na+/K+显著或极显著低于ZH11,脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著或极显著高于ZH11。Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻在盐胁迫前后共产生68个差异表达基因,其中有55个上调表达,13个下调表达。GO分析结果显示,差异表达基因主要富集在胁迫应激反应、分解代谢等生物学过程中。KEGG分析结果表明,差异表达基因主要参与类胡萝卜素生物合成、油菜素内酯生物合成以及表皮素,软木脂和蜡质生物合成代谢通路中,进一步通过RT-q PCR验证了Osb ZIP16、Os LEA3、RAB21等差异表达基因参与水稻的胁迫应答反应。综上,在生理层面上,Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻主要通过降低细胞膜透性、MDA含量和Na+/K+,增加Pro含量,提高SOD和POD活性,抑制叶绿素的降解来提高耐盐性;在分子水平上,Os DSR2主要通过脱落酸(ABA)、油菜素内酯(BR)信号通路参与调控Osb ZIP16、Os LEA3、RAB21等逆境相关基因的表达来提高苗期水稻的耐盐性,为进一步阐明Os DSR2参与调控水稻耐盐的详细分子机制奠定基础。     

红梨PybHLH基因过表达提高烟草NaCl抗性的研究

为探究过表达云南红梨bHLH转录因子对烟草抗盐性的影响,从红梨红色果皮中分离了bHLH转录因子基因PybHLH.亚细胞定位表明PybHLH蛋白定位于细胞核.以转基因PybHLH烟草和野生型烟草为材料,进行了NaCl胁迫对转基因PybHLH烟草生理生化影响研究及其相关酶基因的表达分析.表明PybHLH转基因烟草具有一定的耐盐性,一方面表现为随着盐胁迫时间延长,PybHLH转基因烟草中总可溶性糖、可溶性总蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量的增加,H2O2含量降低;另一方面表现为脯氨酸生物合成关键酶基因P5CS、抗氧化相关基因MnSOD、CuZn-SOD和POD、胁迫相关基因HSP和HSP cherpron和ABA抗盐信号途径基因NAC等均呈上调表达趋势.PybHLH的过表达提高了烟草的耐盐性,这将为进一步研究植物的耐盐机制及耐盐植物新品种的开发奠定基础.     

Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase OsCIPK23 functions in pollination and drought stress responses in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Droughtis very harmful to grain yield due to its adverse effect on reproduction,especially on pollination proeess in rice.However,the molecular basis of such an effect still remains largely unknown.Here,wereport the role of amember of CBL(Calcineurin B-Like)Interacting Protein Kinase(CIPK)family,OsCIPK23,in pollination and stress responses in dee.Molecular analyses revealed that it is mainly expressed in pistil and anther but up-regulated by pollination,as well as by treatments of various abiotic stresses and phytohormones.RNA interference-mediated suppression of OsCIPK23 expression significantly reduced seed set and conferred a hypersensitive response to drought stress,indicating its possible roles in pollination and drought stress.In consistent,overexpression of OsCIPK23 induced the expression of seVeral drought tolerance related genes.Taken together,these results indicate that OsCIPK23 is a multistress induced gene and likely mediatesa signaling pathway commonly shared by both pollination and drought stress responses in rice.     

水稻OsRPL36A基因的表达特性研究

【目的】核糖体蛋白（ribosomal protein,RP）是参与蛋白质合成及基因表达调控的一种重要因子,在植物生长发育和胁迫响应过程中具有重要的作用。研究在水稻中克隆了1个核糖体蛋白家族基因OsRPL36A,并对其生物学功能进行初步研究,为后续OsRPL36A基因功能研究提供理论依据和研究方向。【方法】利用生物信息学技术分析OsRPL36A基因结构、顺式作用元件和演化过程;同时利用实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR）技术分析OsRPL36A的组织表达特异性、节律表达模式、及其对不同激素和非生物胁迫的响应情况。【结果】（1）OsRPL36A的编码区全长为297 bp,共编码98个氨基酸,属于核糖体蛋白L36超基因家族。（2）OsRPL36A的启动子区包含3个节律表达相关元件、10个光响应元件、14个激素响应元件和27个环境胁迫响应元件。（3）OsRPL36A在叶片中的表达量相对高于其他组织;具有典型的节律表达模式;且受IAA、高温、低温和渗透胁迫等诱导表达。【结论】OsRPL36A在叶中高表达,具有典型节律表达模式,对IAA显著响应,可能参与热激、低温、盐害和渗透胁迫响应。     

OsCIPK31, a CBL-interacting protein kinase is involved in germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress conditions in rice plants

Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are a group of typical Ser/Thr protein kinases that mediate calcium signals. Extensive studies using Arabidopsis plants have demonstrated that many calcium signatures that activate CIPKs originate from abiotic stresses. However, there are few reports on the functional demonstration of CIPKs in other plants, especially in grasses. In this study, we used a loss-of-function mutation to characterize the function of the rice CIPK gene OsCIPK31. Exposure to high concentrations of NaCl or mannitol effected a rapid and transient enhancement of OsCIPK31 expression. These findings were observed only in the light. However, longer exposure to most stresses resulted in downregulation of OsCIPK31 expression in both the presence and absence of light. To determine the physiological roles of OsCIPK31 in rice plants, the sensitivity of oscipk31::Ds, which is a transposon Ds insertion mutant, to abiotic stresses was examined during germination and seedling stages. oscipk31::Ds mutants exhibited hypersensitive phenotypes to ABA, salt, mannitol, and glucose. Compared with wild-type rice plants, mutants exhibited retarded germination and slow seedling growth. In addition, oscipk31::Ds seedlings exhibited enhanced expression of several stress-responsive genes after exposure to these abiotic stresses. However, the expression of ABA metabolic genes and the endogenous levels of ABA were not altered significantly in the oscipk31::Ds mutant. This study demonstrated that rice plants use OsCIPK31 to modulate responses to abiotic stresses during the seed germination and seedling stages and to modulate the expression of stress-responsive genes.     

Natural variation in the promoter of rice calcineurin B‐like protein10 (OsCBL10) affects flooding tolerance during seed germination among rice subspecies

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has two ecotypes, upland and lowland rice, that have been observed to show different tolerance levels under flooding stress. In this study, two rice cultivars, upland (Up221, flooding‐intolerant) and lowland (Low88, flooding‐tolerant), were initially used to study their molecular mechanisms in response to flooding germination. We observed that variations in the OsCBL10 promoter sequences in these two cultivars might contribute to this divergence in flooding tolerance. Further analysis using another eight rice cultivars revealed that the OsCBL10 promoter could be classified as either a flooding‐tolerant type (T‐type) or a flooding‐intolerant type (I‐type). The OsCBL10 T‐type promoter only existed in japonica lowland cultivars, whereas the OsCBL10 I‐type promoter existed in japonica upland, indica upland and indica lowland cultivars. Flooding‐tolerant rice cultivars containing the OsCBL10 T‐type promoter have shown lower Ca²⁺ flow and higher α‐amylase activities in comparison to those in flooding‐intolerant cultivars. Furthermore, the OsCBL10 overexpression lines were sensitive to both flooding and hypoxic treatments during rice germination with enhanced Ca²⁺ flow in comparison to wild‐type. Subsequent findings also indicate that OsCBL10 may affect OsCIPK15 protein abundance and its downstream pathways. In summary, our results suggest that the adaptation to flooding stress during rice germination is associated with two different OsCBL10 promoters, which in turn affect OsCBL10 expression in different cultivars and negatively affect OsCIPK15 protein accumulation and its downstream cascade.     

OsRboh基因家族在水稻免疫应答中的表达及功能分析

为了阐明Rboh基因家族在水稻免疫应答中的功能,首先利用生物信息学方法从水稻基因组数据库中检索到7个水稻Rboh基因,并对其进行系统发育学和组织特异性表达分析,发现OsRbohD只在穗和愈伤组织中表达,且OsRbohE和OsRbohF仅在愈伤组织中特异表达,而其他基因为组成型表达。利用Real-time PCR对分别在水杨酸SA、茉莉酸甲酯MeJA和水稻黄单胞菌PXO99致病菌株处理下的OsRboh基因家族的表达水平进行了分析,同时对处理后的叶片H2O2含量进行测定。结果表明,SA可以提高OsRbohA、OsRbohB、OsRbohC和OsRbohD的表达水平,MeJA可以提高OsRbohA、OsRbohB、OsRbohC和OsRbohG的表达水平,接种水稻黄单胞菌致病菌株PXO99可以提高OsRbohA和OsRbohB的表达水平。然而三者在诱导OsRboh基因家族成员的表达时序性和表达程度存在着差异。此外,3种不同处理都能导致不同程度的H2O2积累。结果显示,OsRboh基因家族各基因在水稻免疫应答中可能扮演不同角色,发挥不同作用。     

Molecular dissection of the response of a rice leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) gene to abiotic stresses

Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase (RLK) proteins play key roles in a variety of biological pathways. In a previous study, we analyzed the members of the rice LRR-RLK gene family using in silico analysis. A total of 23 LRR-RLK genes were selected based on the expression patterns of a genome-wide dataset of microarrays. The Oryza sativa gamma-ray induced LRR-RLK1 (OsGIRL1) gene was highly induced by gamma irradiation. Therefore, we studied its expression pattern in response to various different abiotic and phytohormone treatments. OsGIRL1 was induced on exposure to abiotic stresses such as salt, osmotic, and heat, salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA), but exhibited downregulation in response to jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. The OsGIRL1 protein was clearly localized at the plasma membrane. The truncated proteins harboring juxtamembrane and kinase domains (or only harboring a kinase domain) exhibited strong autophosphorylation. The biological function of OsGIRL1 was investigated via heterologous overexpression of this gene in Arabidopsis plants subjected to gamma-ray irradiation, salt stress, osmotic stress, and heat stress. A hypersensitive response was observed in response to salt stress and heat stress, whereas a hyposensitive response was observed in response to gamma-ray treatment and osmotic stress. These results provide critical insights into the molecular functions of the rice LRR-RLK genes as receptors of external signals.     

Genome-wide analysis of the stress associated protein (SAP) gene family containing A20/AN1 zinc-finger(s) in rice and their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis

Proteins with the A20/AN1 zinc-finger domain are present in all eukaryotes and are well characterized in animals, but little is known about their function in plants. Earlier, we have identified an A20/AN1 zinc-finger containing stress associated protein 1 gene (SAP1) in rice and validated its function in abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, genome-wide survey of genes encoding proteins possessing A20/AN1 zinc-finger, named SAP gene family, has been carried out in rice and Arabidopsis. The genomic distribution and gene architecture as well as domain structure and phylogenetic relationship of encoded proteins numbering 18 and 14 in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively, have been studied. Expression analysis of the rice SAP family was done to investigate their response under abiotic stress conditions. All the genes were inducible by one or the other abiotic stresses indicating that the OsSAP gene family is an important component of stress response in rice. Manipulation of their expression and identification of their superior alleles should help confer stress tolerance in target crops.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.