水稻锌指蛋白基因OsBBX6的克隆、表达及生物信息学分析

锌指蛋白作为植物体内一类重要的转录因子,对植物生长发育、基因调控以及响应外界环境变化方面发挥重要作用。Os BBX6基因属于水稻锌指蛋白B-Box基因家族成员,启动子元件分析发现其含有高温应答元件(HSE)、干旱应答元件(MBS)及非生物胁迫响应元件(TC-rich repeats)等逆境相关元件。组织特异性定量表达分析表明,Os BBX6在叶片中表达最高,根其次,茎和幼穗中表达最低。胁迫处理后的荧光定量PCR发现其受低温诱导上调,受高温、干旱、盐胁迫等抑制表达,表明其正向响应低温胁迫,负向响应高温、干旱、盐胁迫等。另外,本研究还克隆了OsBBX6基因,并对其进行了系统进化、蛋白跨膜、蛋白亚细胞定位及OsBBX6基因共表达等分析,为进一步研究其生物学功能奠定基础。     

水稻受盐抑制基因OsZFP1的转基因分析

OsZFP1(水稻锌指蛋白1)基因编码的蛋白含有3个推测的Cys2/Cys2-型锌指结构域,它的表达受盐胁迫负调控.构建了以35S为启动子的OsZFP1基因的植物表达载体,并将其转入拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L.)植物和水稻(Oryza sativa L.)愈伤组织中以过量表达OsZFP1基因.转基因的拟南芥植株和水稻愈伤组织对盐处理的敏感性都比野生型要高.这一结果表明OsZFP1基因可能编码一种负调控蛋白,它可能抑制某些盐诱导基因的表达.在ABA处理下,转基因拟南芥植株比野生型植株抽苔晚,说明OsZFP1基因的作用可能受ABA调节.     

水稻受盐抑制基因OsZFP1的转基因分析

OsZFP1(水稻锌指蛋白1)基因编码的蛋白含有3个推测的Cys2/Cys2-型锌指结构域,它的表达受盐胁迫负调控。构建了以35S为启动子的OsZFP1基因的植物表达载体,并将其转入拟南芥(ArabidopsisthalianaL.)植物和水稻(OryzasativaL.)愈伤组织中以过量表达OsZFP1基因。转基因的拟南芥植株和水稻愈伤组织对盐处理的敏感性都比野生型要高。这一结果表明OsZFP1基因可能编码一种负调控蛋白,它可能抑制某些盐诱导基因的表达。在ABA处理下,转基因拟南芥植株比野生型植株抽苔晚,说明OsZFP1基因的作用可能受ABA调节。     

过量表达棉花CBF2基因提高转基因拟南芥抗旱耐盐能力

CBF/DREB是一类植物中特有的转录因子,在植物抵抗逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要功能。本研究从陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)Coker 312中克隆获得1个棉花CBF/DREB基因,命名为Gh CBF2,该基因编码一个由216个氨基酸组成的CBF蛋白。序列分析结果显示,Gh CBF2与其他植物的CBF蛋白类似,含有AP2转录因子典型的保守结构域。干旱或高盐胁迫处理明显增加了Gh CBF2基因的表达量。亚细胞定位分析结果发现Gh CBF2定位在细胞核中。将Gh CBF2基因构建到由35S启动子调控的植物表达载体p MD上并转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L.),结果表明,在干旱和盐胁迫条件下,过量表达Gh CBF2基因拟南芥的成活率显著高于野生型,并且游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量也高于野生型,说明转Gh CBF2基因提高了拟南芥的耐盐抗旱能力。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析胁迫相关标记基因COR15A、RD29A和ERD6的表达情况,结果显示转基因株系中的表达量显著高于野生型,说明Gh CBF2参与调控拟南芥干旱和盐胁迫相关基因的表达。     

拟南芥钙调素结合蛋白参与胁迫响应的研究

采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR和Northern blotting技术检测了野生型拟南芥中CBP60g基因对丁香假单胞菌和非生物胁迫的响应,并对丁香假单胞菌接种后,野生型拟南芥、cbp60g-1突变体和CBP60g过表达转基因植物中抗逆相关基因的表达变化进行检测。结果显示:(1)在野生型拟南芥中CBP60g基因的表达能被丁香假单胞菌、高盐、冷和机械损伤所诱导。(2)经丁香假单胞菌诱导后病程相关基因PR5和AIG1的表达在过表达转基因植物中明显高于野生型。(3)受干旱和ABA诱导的AtMYB2基因的表达在过表达转基因植物中也高于野生型。研究表明,CBP60g同时参与了拟南芥对生物和非生物胁迫响应。     

小拟南芥ApZFP基因异源超表达促进拟南芥开花并提高耐逆性

锌指蛋白(ZFP)是一类重要的转录因子, 广泛参与植物的生长发育和非生物胁迫应答。新疆小拟南芥(Arabidopsispumila)又名无苞芥, 是十字花科短命植物, 具有高光效、繁殖力强和适应干旱等生物学特征, 而且比模式植物拟南芥(A.thaliana)更耐高盐胁迫。将前期克隆的小拟南芥锌指蛋白基因ApZFP通过花滴法转化到哥伦比亚生态型拟南芥(Col-0)中,获得了独立表达的转基因株系。表型观察发现, 过量表达ApZFP基因可促使拟南芥在长短日照下均提前开花。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示, 转基因拟南芥株系中, 光周期途径中的CO基因和年龄途径中的SPL基因表达上调; 春化、环境温度和自主途径中的FLC基因表达下调; 编码成花素的基因FT及下游开花相关基因AP1和LFY的表达量均升高。进一步通过盐、干旱和ABA胁迫处理ApZFP转基因株系的种子和幼苗, 发现在胁迫处理下, 与对照相比, 转基因拟南芥种子萌发率较高, 幼苗主根较长。因此推测, ApZFP在植物发育过程中具有多种功能, 可能既参与植物的开花转变过程, 又同其它植物的锌指蛋白基因一样, 参与植物的耐逆过程。     

毛竹MYB转录因子PeMYB2的克隆与功能分析

MYB类转录因子在调控逆境应答基因的表达起着重要的作用, 是最大的植物转录因子之一。文章通过同源基因克隆方法和RACE(Rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)技术, 以毛竹幼苗为材料, 获得一个MYB类转录因子, 命名PeMYB2。氨基酸序列分析表明, PeMYB2具有典型的R2R3-MYB特征, N端含有两个串联重复保守结构域, C端含有一个膜蛋白DUF3651; 进化树分析表明, PeMYB2与水稻OsMYB18序列相似性最高, 达到85.98%; 酵母单杂实验表明, PeMYB2具有转录激活功能。将PeMYB2转化拟南芥对其功能进行分析, 获得7株转基因纯合体植株。比较转基因和野生型拟南芥表型发现, PeMYB2的过量表达使转基因拟南芥出现矮化、晚花的现象; 非生物胁迫处理(盐胁迫、干旱胁迫、低温胁迫)结果表明, 转基因拟南芥中PeMYB2的过量表达, 导致转基因植株对盐胁迫和低温胁迫有更高的耐性, 但是对低温胁迫的耐受性没有明显的变化; 进一步通过盐胁迫信号通路相关Marker基因(NXH1、SOS1、RD29A、COR15A)的定量PCR实验验证, 发现PeMYB2对下游这些抗逆基因的表达具有调控作用。上述实验结果表明, 毛竹PeMYB2可参与非生物胁迫调控, 对毛竹盐胁迫和低温胁迫的响应起着重要的作用。     

马铃薯异源表达梭梭HaNAC1基因提高抗旱性的功能解析

NAC转录因子参与植物非生物胁迫反应,是改良植物抗旱耐盐性的重要基因资源。本研究利用农杆菌介导法对马铃薯栽培种大西洋进行遗传转化,并用PEG-6000模拟干旱处理转基因和受体植株,初步从逆境应答基因和内源激素2个方面对转基因株系进行了抗旱性分析。结果表明,在3个转基因株系中转HaNAC1基因马铃薯生长素(IAA、IBA)、细胞分裂素(IP、cZ)、茉莉酸(MEJA、JA-ILE)、水杨酸(MESA)、赤霉素(GA_3)含量均显著或极显著高于受体,而脱落酸(ABA)含量显著低于受体。抗逆相关基因荧光定量PCR分析表明,HaNAC1基因过表达植株中与胁迫应答相关的LEA3、DREB2A、RD29a、NCED1、KIN1和ERD11基因表达量与受体存在显著或极显著差异。现有实验数据表明,转基因马铃薯中HaNAC1可能通过调节与胁迫响应相关的一系列基因表达,调控激素表达水平变化从而提高受体的抗旱性。研究结果为深入解析HaNAC1响应干旱胁迫的分子机制提供基础理论依据。     

陆地棉GhCDPK1基因响应干旱胁迫的功能初探

钙依赖性蛋白激酶(CDPKs)是一类重要的钙信号感受蛋白和响应蛋白,在植物干旱、低温、盐碱等非生物胁迫应答中起着重要的调控作用。为探讨陆地棉GhCDPK1基因在干旱胁迫下所起的作用,该研究利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了PEG模拟干旱胁迫下该基因的表达量,发现GhCDPK1基因受干旱胁迫诱导。通过构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300-GhCDPK1,采用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化模式植物烟草,发现干旱胁迫下转基因植株保水能力明显高于野生型植株,叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量及POD、SOD活性也高于野生型植株,而丙二醛含量低于野生型植株。研究结果表明,GhCDPK1基因作为正向调控因子响应干旱胁迫诱导,过表达GhCDPK1基因可以使植株积累更多的渗透调节物质、增强抗氧化系统酶的活性和维持细胞膜的稳定性来提高植物抵御外界干旱胁迫的能力。     

小麦E3泛素连接酶基因TaAIRP2-1B克隆及功能分析

干旱等非生物胁迫严重影响农作物生产。本研究克隆了小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)TaAIRP2-1B基因,探讨其对非生物胁迫的响应机制,为促进小麦抗旱性的遗传改良提供基因资源。组织特异性表达模式分析显示,TaAIRP2-1B基因在小麦抽穗期的各个组织中均有表达,在茎组织中的表达水平较高,而根系中的表达水平较低。非生物胁迫表达模式分析显示,Ta AIRP2-1B受ABA、PEG及冷胁迫诱导表达。过表达TaAIRP2-1B拟南芥在0.4μmol/L的ABA处理条件下,种子发芽率显著低于野生型,表明TaAIRP2-1B提高了拟南芥种子萌发期对ABA的敏感性。ABA处理抑制转基因和野生型拟南芥幼苗的根系生长,但转基因拟南芥受抑制程度显著高于野生型,表明TaAIRP2-1B提高了拟南芥幼苗对ABA的敏感性。转基因结果表明超表达TaAIRP2-1B增强了拟南芥的抗旱性,并且转基因株系的保水率显著高于野生型。总之,本研究发现小麦基因Ta AIRP2-1B参与了植物对非生物胁迫的应答,可能是通过ABA途径正向调控植物的抗旱性。     

Expression analysis of rice A20/AN1-type zinc finger genes and characterization of ZFP177 that contributes to temperature stress tolerance

The A20/AN1-type zinc finger protein family is conserved in animals and plants. Using human AWP1 protein as a query, we identified twelve A20/AN1-type zinc finger proteins in japonica rice. Most of these genes were constitutively expressed in leaves, roots, culms and spikes. Through microarray analysis, it was found that four genes (ZFP177, ZFP181, ZFP176, ZFP173), two genes (ZFP181 and ZFP176) and one gene (ZFP157) were significantly induced by cold, drought and H(2)O(2) treatments, respectively. Further expression analysis showed that ZFP177 was responsive to both cold and heat stresses, but down-regulated by salt. The subcellular localization assay indicated that ZFP177 was localized in cytoplasm in tobacco leaf and root cells. Yeast-one hybrid assay showed that ZFP177 lacked trans-activation potential in yeast cells. Overexpression of ZFP177 in tobacco conferred tolerance of transgenic plants to both low and high temperature stresses, but increased sensitivity to salt and drought stresses. Further we found expression levels of some stress-related genes were inhibited in ZFP177 transgenic plants. These results suggested that ZFP177 might play crucial but differential roles in plant responses to various abiotic stresses.     

The CCCH zinc finger protein gene AtZFP1 improves salt resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

The CCCH type zinc finger proteins are a super family involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the response of one CCCH type zinc finger protein AtZFP1 (At2g25900) to salt stress in Arabidopsis. The expression of AtZFP1 was upregulated by salt stress. Compared to transgenic strains, the germination rate, emerging rate of cotyledons and root length of wild plants were significantly lower under NaCl treatments, while the inhibitory effect was significantly severe in T-DNA insertion mutant strains. At germination stage, it was mainly osmotic stress when treated with NaCl. Relative to wild plants, overexpression strains maintained a higher K⁺, K⁺/Na⁺, chlorophyll and proline content, and lower Na⁺ and MDA content. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of stress related marker genes KIN1, RD29B and RD22 increased more significantly in transgenic strains by salt stress. Overexpression of AtZFP1 also enhanced oxidative and osmotic stress tolerance which was determined by measuring the expression of a set of antioxidant genes, osmotic stress genes and ion transport protein genes such as SOS1, AtP5CS1 and AtGSTU5. Overall, our results suggest that overexpression of AtZFP1 enhanced salt tolerance by maintaining ionic balance and limiting oxidative and osmotic stress.     

AtPP2CG1, a protein phosphatase 2C, positively regulates salt tolerance of Arabidopsis in abscisic acid-dependent manner

AtPP2CG1 (Arabidopsis thaliana protein phosphatase 2C G Group 1) was predicted as an abiotic stress candidate gene by bioinformatic analysis in our previous study. The gene encodes a putative protein phosphatase 2C that belongs to Group G of PP2C. There is no report of Group G genes involved in abiotic stress so far. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that AtPP2CG1 expression was induced by salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The expression levels of AtPP2CG1 in the ABA synthesis-deficient mutant abi2-3 were much lower than that in WT plants under salt stress suggesting that the expression of AtPP2CG1 acts in an ABA-dependent manner. Over-expression of AtPP2CG1 led to enhanced salt tolerance, whereas its loss of function caused decreased salt tolerance. These results indicate that AtPP2CG1 positively regulates salt stress in an ABA-dependent manner. Under salt treatment, AtPP2CG1 up-regulated the expression levels of stress-responsive genes, including RD29A, RD29B, DREB2A and KIN1. GUS activity was detected in roots, leaves, stems, flower, and trichomes of AtPP2CG1 promoter-GUS transgenic plants. AtPP2CG1 protein was localized in nucleus and cytoplasm via AtPP2CG1:eGFP and YFP:AtPP2CG1 fusion approaches.     

Constitutive overexpression of the calcium sensor CBL5 confers osmotic or drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis

Calcium serves as a critical messenger in many adaptation and developmental processes. Cellular calcium signals are detected and transmitted by sensor molecules such as calcium-binding proteins. In plants, the calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) family represents a unique group of calcium sensors and plays a key role in decoding calcium transients by specifically interacting with and regulating a family of CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). In this study, we report the role of Arabidopsis CBL5 gene in high salt or drought tolerance. CBL5 gene is expressed significantly in green tissues, but not in roots. CBL5 was not induced by abiotic stress conditions such as high salt, drought or low temperature. To determine whether the CBL5 gene plays a role in stress response pathways, we ectopically expressed the CBL5 protein in transgenic Arabidopsis plants (35S-CBL5) and examined plant responses to abiotic stresses. CBL5-overexpressing plants displayed enhanced tolerance to high salt or drought stress. CBL5 overexpression also rendered plants more resistant to high salt or hyperosmotic stress during early development (i.e., seed germination) but did not alter their response to abiscisic acid (ABA). Furthermore, overexpression of CBL5 alters the gene expression of stress gene markers, such as RD29A, RD29B and Kin1 etc. These results suggest that CBL5 may function as a positive regulator of salt or drought responses in plants.