Research on the application of Typhlodromips swirskii for the control of Bemisia tabaci

评价斯氏小盲绥螨Typhlodromips swirskii(Athias-Henriort)在我国日光大棚中对黄瓜上的烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)控制作用.在不同温度条件下研究斯氏小盲绥螨以烟粉虱为猎物的试验种群生命表,以及在日光大棚中释放斯氏小盲绥螨控制黄瓜上的烟粉虱所取的防治效果.斯氏小盲绥螨取食烟粉虱的卵、成虫、若虫、伪蛹能完成世代并能正常产卵.在19～35℃范围内总产卵量25～41粒／雌,产雌率60％～62.68％.在(20±1)℃.(25±1)℃,(30±1)℃,(34±1)℃温度条件下斯氏小盲绥螨净增殖率(R0)分别为12.6160、22.1021、17.4500、16.7463;内禀增长率(rm)分别为0.0865、0.1528、0.1535、0.1690.在大棚黄瓜上应用结果表明:释放斯氏小盲绥螨与目前大棚中的常规化学防治比较,生防区能有效地控制烟粉虱成虫、卵、若虫的种群数量增长.根据斯氏小盲绥螨和烟粉虱的生物学特性,结合大棚黄瓜栽培过程中的环境条件,笔者提出了在日光大棚中应用斯氏小盲绥螨控制黄瓜上烟粉虱的策略:在黄瓜生长的整个期间释放2～3次斯氏小盲绥螨,每20～25d释放1次,苗期每株释放20～25只,后期每株释放25～50只,才能达到预期效果.生防园每季减少农药使用次数5次.     

胡瓜钝绥螨对日光大棚茄子上烟粉虱的控制作用

为了评价胡瓜钝绥螨在我国日光大棚中对茄子上烟粉虱虱的控制作用。笔者研究了在24～34℃下胡瓜钝绥螨以烟粉为猎物时的发育历期,并在我国山东省寿光市的蔬菜基地上开展了利用胡瓜钝绥螨控制日光大棚茄子上烟粉虱的研究与应用。结果表明:胡瓜钝绥螨能够取食烟粉虱的卵、成虫、若虫及伪蛹;利用胡瓜钝绥螨能有效地控制烟粉虱成虫、卵、若虫种群数量的增长。根据胡瓜钝绥螨和烟粉虱的生物学特性,结合大棚茄子栽培过程中的环境条件,笔者提出了在日光大棚中应用胡瓜钝绥螨控制茄子上烟粉虱的策略:(1)在茄子的整个生长季节(250d)中需释放胡瓜钝绥螨4～6次,苗期每次每株释放5～10头,结果期每次每株释放20～40头;(2)释放胡瓜钝绥螨的生防区比常规化防区减少农药使用18次;(3)安装防虫网、适时释放胡瓜钝绥螨是生防成功之关键,生防区配合使用黄板效果更好。     

斯氏新小绥螨以神泽氏叶螨为猎物的发育与实验种群生命表研究

本研究进行了斯氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus swirskii （Athias-Henriot）以神泽氏叶螨Tetranychus kanzawai（Kishida）为猎物时,在15℃、18℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃下的发育历期和实验种群生命表的研究,结果表明15℃时斯氏新小绥螨不能完成发育,18℃时仅少量个体能完成发育.在18～35℃之间,雌螨的发育历期为7.15～18.70 d,雄螨的发育历期为4.00～16.20 d.在20℃～35℃之间,斯氏新小绥螨的雌雄性比（♀∶♂）随着温度的升高而变小,20℃时性比最大（1.77）,25℃时净增殖率（R0）最大（36.497）,35℃时世代生长周期最短（15.433）,30℃时内禀增长率（rm）和周限增长率（λ）均最大,分别为0.197和1.218,种群倍增时间（t）最短（3.513）;随着温度的增加,斯氏新小绥螨的平均寿命逐渐变短,20℃时最长（73.40±1.26 d）,35℃时最短（25.10±1.20d）;25℃时每雌平均产卵量最高（60.44±1.51粒/雌）,35℃时日平均产卵量最高（2.06±0.09粒/雌/d）.     

寄主钾营养对烟粉虱发育、存活和寄主选择的影响

为了探讨寄主钾营养对烟粉虱发育、存活和寄主选择的影响,设置了K0（0 mg/L）、K30（30 mg/L）、K60（60 mg/L）、K120（120 mg/L）和K240（240 mg/L）5种不同钾浓度,研究了烟粉虱在不同处理黄瓜上的发育历期、存活率、体形以及成虫的寄主选择。结果表明：在温度（26±1）℃,相对湿度80%±5%的条件下,取食不同钾营养水平黄瓜的烟粉虱在发育历期、存活率、体形上均有差异,其中在K240处理黄瓜上烟粉虱若虫发育最慢,从卵到成虫的时间最长,为21.4天,而在K60处理黄瓜上最快,为18.3天。在不同钾浓度处理寄主上从卵到成虫存活率以K30处理黄瓜上最高（84.7%）,其次依次为K60（83.8%）、K120（76.2%）、K0（71.4%）和K240（64.8%）。在体形上以K30处理黄瓜上最大,K240处理黄瓜上最小。寄主选择性试验结果表明,在温室条件下,烟粉虱成虫喜欢在K60处理黄瓜上取食和产卵。这些结果提示在一定范围内可以通过调节寄主钾营养状况来调控烟粉虱种群。     

寄主植物对B型烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)和温室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)个体发育和种群繁殖的影响

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）和温室粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum（Westwood）在我国北方常混合发生,为了解两种粉虱所造成的危害和自身种群的增长变化,制定科学的综合防治措施,在（27±1）℃条件下研究了两种粉虱在棉花Gossypium hirsutum L.（泗棉3号）、黄瓜Cucumis sativas L.（北京202）、茄子Solanum melongena L.（北京七叶茄）和番茄Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.（佳粉十号）上各虫态大小、存活率、发育历期、成虫寿命、平均产卵量等生物学参数。在同一种寄主植物上,温室粉虱的1,2龄若虫的体长和体宽均显著大于烟粉虱,3龄以后两种粉虱的体型则变异较大。两种粉虱从卵到成虫羽化,在棉花上的发育历期无显著差异,在黄瓜、茄子和番茄上,温室粉虱的发育历期（19.7、19.4、20.8d）显著长于烟粉虱（17.3、17.6、18.3d）。在黄瓜和番茄上,烟粉虱的平均寿命（31.2、32.1）显著长于温室粉虱的平均寿命（26、24.9d）;在棉花、黄瓜和番茄上,烟粉虱的单雌产卵量（122.2、220.2、266．5粒）显著高于温室粉虱（97．1、186．6、197．1粒）。烟粉虱在棉花、黄瓜、茄子和番茄上的总存活率分别为67.9％、77.8％、67.8％和59．0％,温室粉虱依次为62．2％、67．2％、64．4％和66．1％。综合比较4种寄主植物,烟粉虱比温室粉虱具有个体发育时间短、种群繁殖速度快、生殖竞争能力强等特点。     

两种植绥螨种内和种间捕食及适合度

【目的】通过研究斯氏钝绥螨Amblyseius(Typhlodromips)swirskii和胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris这两种外来植绥螨种内和种间的捕食关系及适合度,为斯氏钝绥螨的释放应用前的风险评估及与胡瓜新小绥螨的联合释放技术提供理论依据。【方法】在无共享猎物的条件下,分别为两种雌成螨提供同种和异种的卵、同种和异种的幼螨、同种和异种的若螨,测定其对同种和异种不同个体的捕食选择性及捕食量,并比较两种植绥螨捕食后的适合度（产卵率和存活率）的差异。【结果】两种植绥螨互为捕食者,斯氏钝绥螨为集团内捕食者的几率高于胡瓜新小绥螨;两种植绥螨发生同类相残的几率无显著差异（χ²=0.118,df=1,P=0.732）。两种植绥螨对幼螨的捕食量显著高于对若螨、卵的捕食量（斯氏钝绥螨：F_(2,114)=66.27,P<0.0001;胡瓜新小绥螨：F_(2,114)=50.39,P<0.0001）,而且两种植绥螨对异种幼螨和若螨的捕食量均显著高于对同种个体的捕食量。两种植绥螨捕食幼螨后的产卵率均显著高于捕食若螨后的产卵率（斯氏钝绥螨：t=5.774,df=26,P<0.0001;胡瓜新小绥螨：t=3.334,df=26,P=0.0026）,斯氏钝绥螨捕食异种个体后的产卵率显著高于捕食同种个体后的产卵率（t=2.854,df=26,P=0.008 4）。两种植绥螨捕食不同发育阶段（幼螨和若螨）的存活率无显著差异;但斯氏钝绥螨捕食异种个体后的存活率显著高于捕食同种个体后的存活率（t=2.196,df=26,P=0.0372）。【结论】两种植绥螨更倾向于发生交互集团内捕食作用而非同类相残;两种植绥螨捕食幼螨比捕食若螨更利于产卵;对于斯氏钝绥螨,异种个体是比同种个体更适合的食物来源。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌毒素对温室中烟粉虱种群控制作用的评价

在室内测定蜡蚧轮枝菌毒素对烟粉虱种群干扰作用基础上,通过分别组建蜡蚧轮枝菌毒素和化学杀虫剂作用下的烟粉虱第5、6代自然种群生命表,采用种群趋势指数（I）和干扰作用控制指数（IIPC）分析法,比较蜡蚧轮枝菌毒素和化学杀虫剂对茄子上烟粉虱的防治效果,评价蜡蚧轮枝菌毒素对烟粉虱的防治作用。结果表明,毒素对烟粉虱室内种群的干扰作用主要表现在对成虫的忌避作用和对若虫的毒杀作用;温室大棚中施用400mg／L的蜡蚧轮枝菌毒素,对烟粉虱第5代和第6代的控制指数IIPC分别为0．064和0．023,连续施用毒素后,第6代种群趋势指数Ⅰ为0．68,烟粉虱种群基本得到控制;温室大棚中施用重量10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂（稀释1000倍）,对烟粉虱第5代和第6代的控制指数IIPC分别为0．44和1．01,化防区第5代的I为12．95,第6代的I为30．23,分别为对照区的0．44倍和1．01倍,连续使用化学杀虫剂,容易造成烟粉虱再猖獗。重要因子分析揭示毒索比化学杀虫剂更利于温室烟粉虱种群控制。     

烟粉虱在七种寄主植物上的生命表参数分析

在恒温25℃下,组建了烟粉虱在黄瓜、茄子、番茄、烟草、辣椒、甘蓝和菜豆等7种寄主植物上的实验种群生命表。结果表明,烟粉虱在不同寄主植物上的存活曲线差异明显,各寄主植物上以1,2龄若虫和成虫死亡率最高,3龄和伪蛹期死亡较少甚至不死亡;各寄主植物上烟粉虱的内禀增长率在0．2445～0．3424之间,以番茄上的rm最大,菜豆上的rm最小。讨论了烟粉虱的发展趋势和防治对策。     

以实验种群生命表评价六种植绥螨对西花蓟马的控制潜力

【目的】植绥螨是蓟马等害虫(螨)的重要捕食性天敌,在当前生物防治中应用广泛,本研究旨在为本地植绥螨资源的开发利用及筛选出控制西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis最有效的植绥螨天敌提供依据。【方法】以西花蓟马为猎物,在室内温度(25±1)℃、光照16L︰8D、相对湿度80%±5%的条件下,比较了内蒙古本地植绥螨种类有益真绥螨Euseius utilis Liang et Ke、苏氏副伦绥螨Paraseiulus soleiger Ribaga和巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes及目前应用的植绥螨斯氏钝绥螨Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot、东方钝绥螨A.orientalis Ehara和黄瓜新小绥螨N.cucumeris Oudemans取食西花蓟马后的发育历期和生殖潜力,并组建了实验种群生命表以评价各类植绥螨的捕食潜能。【结果】有益真绥螨的日均产卵量(1.67±0.02)粒和黄瓜新小绥螨的日均产卵量(1.58±0.06)粒相近且无显著差异,仅次于斯氏钝绥螨(1.69±0.07)粒;有益真绥螨其子代雌雄性比与黄瓜新小绥螨的性比也相同(1.63︰1),低于斯氏钝绥螨(1.77︰1)和巴氏新小绥螨(1.64︰1);有益真绥螨的世代平均周期最短(T=19.36 d),内禀增长率(rm=0.16)和周限增长率(λ=1.17)均最大,种群倍增时间最短(t=4.33 d)。【结论】有益真绥螨以西花蓟马为食后种群数量增长的潜力强于其他5种植绥螨,是本地防治西花蓟马较有潜力的植绥螨种类。     

茉莉酸诱导番茄对烟粉虱发育、存活与繁殖的影响

【背景】目前,烟粉虱已成为世界性的入侵害虫,对我国的农业生产造成了严重损失。由于烟粉虱抗药性增长迅速,以非化学防治为主的综合防治措施,成为控制烟粉虱的重要手段。近年来,茉莉酸作为与损伤相关的植物激素和信号分子,已被发现广泛存在于植物体内,外施茉莉酸可激活植物的防御系统,诱导其产生次生防御物质,从而影响包括烟粉虱在内的多种害虫的生长发育、繁殖与存活等。【方法】在温度（26±1）℃、相对湿度（75±5）％、光照L：D=14：10的条件下,通过在番茄根部和叶部外施茉莉酸,研究茉莉酸诱导的番茄上烟粉虱的生长发育和繁殖等生物学特性。【结果】在茉莉酸诱导的番茄上,烟粉虱的发育历期以叶部诱导（shootJA．induced,SJA）的番茄上最长,平均历期为27．3d,与对照组（control,CON）番茄上的25．7d和根部诱导（root JA-induced,RJA）番茄上的25．8d差异显著;在SJA和CON番茄上,烟粉虱的世代存活率分别为47．17％和55．57％,而在RJA番茄上烟粉虱的存活率为81．13％,后者与前两者差异达到显著水平;烟粉虱成虫在CON、RJA和SJA番茄上的平均寿命分别为25．1、23．6和18．7d,即在JA诱导的番茄上烟粉虱成虫的平均寿命明显缩短;在产卵量方面,对照番茄上发育的烟粉虱平均单雌产卵量最大,为132．8粒,SJA番茄上发育的烟粉虱平均单雌产卵量最小,为107．9粒,两者差异显著;RJA番茄上发育的烟粉虱平均单雌产卵量为118．1粒,与前两者无显著差异。【结论与意义】利用茉莉酸诱导番茄可对烟粉虱的发育、繁殖和存活产生不同程度的影响,且诱导部位不同产生的影响也有很大差异。本结果对探索烟粉虱等刺吸式害虫的防治新策略有一定的参考价值。     

外源基因导入对棉花烟粉虱种群的影响

以转基因棉花和对应的常规棉花亲本为材料,探讨外源基因导入对棉花烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)种群的影响。结果表明,在转基因棉花GK12、33B、SGK上,烟粉虱从卵发育到成虫羽化的历期分别为15.56、15.35和15.25 d,较对应的常规棉亲本SM3(19.38 d)、33(20.81 d)、SY321(18.76 d)分别短24.55%、26.23%、18.71%;GK12和33B棉花上烟粉虱的存活率(69.16%)分别较对应的常规棉亲本SM3(54.76%)和33(64.91%)高26.29%和12.81%,而SGK(63.21%)上烟粉虱的存活率与对应的常规棉亲本SY321(62.61%)之间差异不显著;烟粉虱在GK12(84.00)和33B(77.25)上的产卵量分别较SM3(62.25)、33(70.00)高34.93%和10.35%,但SGK和SY321之间差异不显著;在转基因棉花GK12、33B、SGK上,烟粉虱的雌雄性比分别比对应的常规棉亲本高26.71%、46.23%和19.17%。结果表明,外源基因导入后,有助于烟粉虱的发育,提高了烟粉虱的产卵量和雌雄性比,从而促进了烟粉虱种群的上升。     

利用植绥螨防治烟粉虱的研究进展

对目前利用植绥螨防治烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)的研究现状进行综述。主要介绍植绥螨作为生防作用物的应用历史、替代食物在利用植绥螨进行生物防治中的作用,并对代表种Typhlodromips(Amblyseius)swirskiiAthias-Henriot等作为烟粉虱生防作用物的最新研究进展、产业化现状、应用前景及可能存在的问题进行了分析,以期为这些植绥螨的引进和利用提供参考。     

Interspecific interactions between Bemisia tabaci biotype B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) are invasive whitefly species that often co-occur on greenhouse-grown vegetables in northern China. Although B. tabaci biotype B has been present in China for a relatively short period of time, it has become dominant over T. vaporariorum. We studied the interspecific competitive interactions between the two species in single or mixed cultures at 24 ± 1 °C, 40 ± 5% RH, and L14:D10 h photoperiod. Female longevity on tomato was not significantly different between species, but B. tabaci reproduced 4.3 to 4.9 fold more progeny. The ratio of female to male progeny in both instances was greater for B. tabaci. When cultured on tomato, cotton, and tobacco, B. tabaci developed 0.8, 3.3, and 4.7 d earlier in single culture, and 1.8, 3.9, and 4.3 d earlier in mixed culture. B. tabaci displaced T. vaporariorum in four, five and six generations when the initial ratios of B. tabaci to T. vaporariorum were 15:15, 20:10, or 10:20 on tomato. Populations of B. tabaci were 2.3 fold higher than that of T. vaporariorum on tomato plants for seven consecutive generations in single culture. B. tabaci performed better in development, survival, fecundity, and female ratio. We conclude that B. tabaci could displace T. vaporariorum in as short as four generations in a controlled greenhouse environment when they start at equal proportions. Warmer greenhouse conditions and an increase in total greenhouse area could be contributing factors in the recent dominance of B. tabaci.     

Development of a biological control-based Integrated Pest Management method for Bemisia tabaci for protected sweet pepper crops

The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a key pest in commercial sweet pepper crops in southeast Spain. Its biological control is currently based on augmentative introductions of the parasitic wasp Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), which need to be occasionally supplemented with pesticide applications. These pesticides can be harmful for the biological control agents. Therefore, it is important to improve the current strategy by reducing dependency on pesticides. Two potential solutions are conceivable: addition of another effective biocontrol agent or application of pesticide prior to the release of biocontrol agents. The mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) and the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are promising candidates as additional biocontrol agents. The aim of the present study was to test these possible solutions in two subsequent trials, i.e., a 'selection' and an 'improvement' experiment. In the selection experiment, four treatments were compared: E. mundus , N. tenuis  +  E. mundus , A. swirskii  +  E. mundus , and A. swirskii  +  N. tenuis  +  E. mundus . Amblyseius swirskii appeared able to significantly increase effectiveness against the pest, in contrast to N. tenuis, which did not contribute to whitefly control. The best strategy was the combination of E. mundus and A. swirskii . In the improvement experiment, three treatments were compared: E. mundus , A. swirskii  +  E. mundus , and A. swirskii  +  E. mundus +  pesticides. Amblyseius swirskii again proved capable of significantly reducing whitefly populations, and the implementation of pesticides before the release of the biocontrol agents was shown to increase the effectiveness against the pest even more.     

Phytoseiid predators of whiteflies feed and reproduce on non-prey food sources

Two phytoseiid species, Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) and Typhlodromips swirskii (Athias-Henriot), are able to suppress whitefly populations on single plants and are candidate biological control agents for whiteflies such as Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). These species can feed on pollen and insect-produced honeydew and these food sources are likely to be available in crops. If the utilization of these food types results in increased reproduction or survival, populations of predators can persist when whitefly prey is scarce or absent. We studied the impact of pollen and whitefly-produced honeydew on the life history of the two phytoseiids. Cattail pollen allowed for survival, development and reproduction of both predators. Whitefly-produced honeydew greatly increased survival of E. scutalis, allowed for development into adulthood and for a sustained low rate of oviposition. The survival of adult T. swirskii was high on cucumber leaf tissue, either with or without pollen or honeydew. Oviposition by adults and juvenile survival of T. swirskii was very low in presence of honeydew. Biological control of whiteflies may benefit from both pollen and honeydew because these non-prey food sources have a positive effect on the life history of the two predator species, especially E. scutalis.     

淡色斧瓢虫(Axinoscymnus cardilobus)对烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)种群的控制作用

研究了大田笼罩条件下释放淡色斧瓢虫(Axinoscymnus cardilobus)对变叶木上烟粉虱种群的控制作用.每株释放1对淡色斧瓢虫对不同密度烟粉虱种群的控制效果差异显著.瓢虫和烟粉虱以1∶20比例释放对烟粉虱的防治效果较差,以1∶80比例释放对烟粉虱的防治效果不稳定、总体上看对烟粉虱的种群几乎没有控制效果;而以1∶40的比例释放的防治效果较好、较稳定,防效为35%～95%.释放不同数量的淡色斧瓢虫对同一密度烟粉虱种群的防治效果也差异显著.7周内在1∶40、3∶40、5∶40处理区,瓢虫对烟粉虱种群的防治效果分别为35%～95%、46%～90%和50%～98%.从经济学和生态学的角度综合考虑,瓢虫和烟粉虱以3∶40比例释放比较适宜.     

Life history and life table analysis of the whitefly predator Delphastus catalinae （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） on collards

Abstract The ladybeetle, Delphastus catalinae (Horn), is one of the most commonly used predacious natural enemies being commercially reared for controlling whiteflies, including Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (= B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring), on various ornamental and vegetable crops under greenhouse conditions. The development, survivorship, and fecundity of D. catalinae feeding on B. tabaci biotype B on collard plants were determined in the laboratory, and the age-specific life table parameters were analyzed based on the life history data. Developmental time was 4.0, 1.9, 1.1, 1.4, 5.2, and 5.3 days for eggs, first, second, third, fourth instars, and pupae, respectively, with an average of 18.9 days from oviposition to adult emergence for both sexes, 19.0 days for females, and 18.8 days for males. Adult longevities averaged 146.6 days for both sexes, 122.6 days for females, and 170.5 days for males. After an average 4.9 days preoviposition period, females laid a mean of 5.6 eggs per day over a 97.0-day period. Net reproductive rate ( R ₀) and gross reproductive rate (ΣM m_x ) were estimated by life table analysis at 276.8 and 325.1, respectively. Generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) were 35.6 and 4.8 days respectively, and the intrinsic rate of natural population increase ( r_m ) was estimated at 0.158, or l = 1.171 for the finite rate of increase. The r_m value of D. catalinae is similar to or higher than those of the whitefly feeding on most vegetable and ornamental crops, indicating that the ladybeetle is capable of regulating populations of B. tabaci biotype B and other whiteflies under greenhouse conditions.     

C_V型烟粉虱在三种变叶木上的发育和繁殖

CV型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)是园林观赏植物上的重要害虫。本文在室内(26±1)℃下比较了CV型烟粉虱在撒金变叶木(Codiaeum variegatun‘Aucubaefolium’)、美丽变叶木(C.variegatumnov.)和彩叶变叶木(C.variegaum‘Mons-florin’)3个变叶木品种上的发育和繁殖情况,结果表明在撒金变叶木上的发育历期最长,为32.8 d;在美丽变叶木和彩叶变叶木上分别为29.7 d和29.5 d,后两者差异不显著。彩叶变叶木上烟粉虱的世代存活率最高,达58.8%,其次为美丽变叶木为46.5%,在撒金变叶木上的存活率最低,为40.5%,三者间差异显著。CV型烟粉虱在撒金变叶木上的产卵前期最长,为0.8 d。烟粉虱成虫彩叶变叶木上的平均寿命最长,为14.9 d。CV型烟粉虱在3个品种上的平均单雌产卵56～81粒,相互间差异不显著。烟粉虱在撒金变叶木、美丽变叶木和彩叶变叶木3个品种上的rm分别为0.0397、0.0625和0.0860。综合比较,这3种变叶木均为CV型烟粉虱较合适的寄主。     

烟粉虱及海氏桨角蚜小蜂对中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒感染烟草的嗅觉反应

双生病毒可通过调控寄主植物促进媒介昆虫烟粉虱种群增长,然而病毒侵染植物后是否通过调控植物挥发物来影响烟粉虱及其天敌的嗅觉反应还未见报道。【目的】本文旨在研究烟草植株感染中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus,TYLCCNV)后对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)及其重要寄生性天敌海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati(Zolnerowich and Rose)嗅觉反应行为的影响。【方法】利用Y形嗅觉仪方法,我们测试了烟粉虱及海氏桨角蚜小蜂对带毒植株、健康植株及烟粉虱危害植株的选择偏好性。【结果】烟粉虱及海氏桨角蚜小蜂选择携带TYLCCNV病毒的烟草显著多于健康烟草植株,但烟草被病毒与烟粉虱共同侵染时,烟粉虱对带毒烟草的选择仍显著多于无毒植株,而寄生蜂虽然仍较多选择带毒植株,但无显著差异。【结论】这些结果表明烟粉虱及海氏桨角蚜小蜂偏好选择携带TYLCCNV病毒的烟草,但这种偏好作用在烟粉虱取食共同危害时有一定程度的减弱。本研究首次报道了双生病毒侵染植物可增加烟粉虱及其天敌对植物的选择作用,并就其功能及机制进行了讨论。