4-异硫氰酸盐-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基抑制白血病细胞DNA,RNA,蛋白质,核蛋白和ATP代谢的动力学研究

4—异硫氰酸盐—Tempo 3μg/ml对白血病7712细胞DNA,RNA和蛋白质合成抑制的动力学研究表明,首先抑制DNA的合成,然后逐步抑制RNA与蛋白质的合成。对18种氨基酸代谢均有抑制作用,大部分抑制率在30％左右,唯对蛋氨酸的抑制率高达45.8％,似有一定选择性。对核蛋白与ATP代谢的抑制动力学过程,有较好的相关性,表明其对癌细胞生长及DNA合成的抑制作用与对细胞ATP合成的抑制有关。     

天蚕素A-马盖宁杂合肽对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生理代谢影响的研究

研究天蚕素A-马盖宁杂合肽作用耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)后对细胞生理代谢的影响。利用全波长酶标仪测定杂合肽作用MRSA后对DNA、RNA、总蛋白、β-半乳糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶的影响,利用溶氧电极测定杂合肽对细胞呼吸作用的影响,通过生物发光分析仪检测杂合肽作用细胞后ATP生产的变化。结果显示,杂合肽作用MRSA后对细胞DNA、RNA、总蛋白的合成能力均出现抑制作用。β-半乳糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶的表达活性同样受到了明显的抑制。杂合肽作用细胞后呼吸作用明显下降,ATP生产能力受到抑制。杂合肽作用细胞后抑制了胞内部分生物大分子的合成能力、胞内酶的表达活性及细胞的能量代谢功能,通过胞内机制发挥了抑菌作用。     

放线菌素C对烟草花叶病毒增殖的抑制作用

已经报导过,在动物和细菌细胞中放线菌素可与DNA强烈结合,并抑制了取决于DNA的RNA的合成。本试验的结果证明,放线菌素C抑制烟草(Nicottana tabacum)正常叶组织中RNA的合成。在30微克／毫升的放线菌素c中培养时,P北向RNA中的参入降低50％。30一60微克／毫升的放线菌素c显著的抑制烟草花叶病毒在寄主体内的合成,病毒浓度降低到对照的28—64％。放线苗秦c对TMV合成的抑制作用可因外加小牛胸腺DNA而抵消     

Mg^2＋对豚鼠心室肌细胞ATP敏感钾电流的抑制作用

利用全细胞电压钳方法研究了细胞外高Mg~(2 )对豚鼠心室肌细胞I_(k,ATP)(ATP敏感钾电流)的作用。细胞的I_(k,ATP)是被代谢抑制剂2,4-二硝基酚(DNP)激活的,可被特异性阻断剂优降糖完全阻断。细胞外8mmol/L MgSO_4几乎能完全抑制DNP激活的I_(k,ATP)膜电位0mV水平时抑制率为92±8.6％;4mmol/L MgSO_4可部分抑制I_(k,ATP),抑制率为44±14.6％。Mg~(2 )与ATP联合使用对I_(k,ATP)的作用与Mg~(2 )单独作用无明显差异。结果提示,抑制I_(k,ATP)是Mg~(2 )防止缺氧或缺血状态下心肌细胞动作电位时程缩短的一个重要原因,因而可能也是Mg~(2 )抗缺血性心律失常的重要机制。     

Novobiocin、Coumermycin A、Oxolinic acid、Nalidixic acid、溴化乙锭和ATP类似物对细菌病毒φ29细胞外DNA包装的抑制作用

四种抗菌素Novobiocin、CoumermycinA、Oxolinicacid和Nalidixicacid以及化合物溴化乙锭(Ethidiumbromide)和ATP类似物γ—S—ATP能抑制噬菌体φ29DNA的细胞外包装。达到50％抑制作用的药物浓度(不包括ATP类似物)分别为每毫升5、90、167、380和1.3微克。当ATP类似物加入完全纯化的φ29胞外DNA包装系统时,DNA包装的中间产物积蓄,DNA包装流产,表明DNA装壳的整个过程均需ATP的参与。这一发现为抗病毒药物的研究提供另一条线索。本文并对φ29DNA包装的可能机制进行讨论。     

玉米花粉胚状体发育过程中DNA,RNA蛋白质含量及合成动态变化

继代培养的玉米花粉胚状体的发育过程可划分为6个时期:胚性细胞团时期、球形胚时期、心形胚时期、梨形胚时期、子叶形胚时期以及分化期。我们应用微量生化分析技术以及放射性同位素液体闪烁计数技术研究了玉米花粉胚状体发育过程的DNA、RNA、蛋白质含量及合成动态,发现DNA、RNA和蛋白质含量在胚性细胞团期较高,然后下降,但到了分化期时又有所升高。DNA合成速度在胚性细胞团时期较高,在以后的各时期降低并保持平稳。RNA和蛋白质的合成动态呈相似的变化规律。这个结果说明DNA、RNA和蛋白质在胚状体发育早期的活跃代谢,可能与胚性细胞的快速分裂以及胚性结构的形成有关,而后期的活跃代谢可能与胚状体的分化有关。     

体细胞胚发生的生化基础

在胚性细胞分化和分裂过程中ATP酶活性和分布的动态变化表明,这些胚性细胞进行着旺盛的主动物质吸收和活跃的新陈代谢过程。在多种植物的体细胞胚发生中过氧化物酶的活性与同工酶的种类都高于对照,而且在大麦中发现过氧化物酶、酯酶和酸性磷酸酶同工酶的结合应用可以作为体细胞胚发生的标志酶。胚性愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白质含量与组分远高于或多于非胚性愈伤组织。大多数材料中都存在45kD-55kD的胚胎发生特异性蛋白质组分。而且在体细胞胚发生中蛋白质和核酸代谢动态呈规律性变化,首先是RNA合成速率增加,继而是蛋白质的迅速合成,并在胚性细胞分化和发育过程中一直保持相对较高水平,其中mRNA种类丰富,不同发育时期mRNA种类不同,因此转译形成多种蛋白质。DNA的代谢相对较稳定,但在胚性细胞系中DNA合成量仍高于非胚性细胞系。加入蛋白质或核酸合成抑制剂,不仅抑制了蛋白质和核酸的合成,同时也抑制了体细胞胚的发生与发育,而且抑制剂加和时间愈早,影响愈严重。由此表明,蛋白质与核酸的合成为体细胞胚的分化和发育奠定了分子基础。     

RNA干扰技术对PC12细胞CaMKⅡβ基因表达的影响

观察RNA干扰表达载体对PC12细胞中CaMKIIβ基因的抑制作用。构建针对CaMKIIβ基因的RNAi质粒表达载体,脂质体法转染大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞株,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、Western blot 检测其对CaMKIIβ mRNA及蛋白质水平的影响。构建的质粒表达载体在PC12细胞中抑制了CaMKIIβ mRNA及蛋白质的表达。与阴性对照组相比,表达质粒产生的siRNA对CaMKIIβ mRNA的抑制率48h、72h分别为46.40％、64.69％,蛋白抑制率72h约为74.77％。RNAi表达载体可以有效地抑制PC12细胞CaMKIIβ基因的表达。     

小鼠2-细胞胚胎ATP合成酶6基因特异表达分析及鉴定

合子基因组活化是小鼠胚胎早期发育由细胞质调控向核调控转变的关键 .小鼠合子基因组活化发生在 2 细胞胚胎阶段 ,通过对 2 细胞胚胎阶段特异性表达基因的分析 ,可以从分子水平上揭示早期小鼠胚胎的发育机理 .用DD RTPCR技术 ,从单个小鼠 2 细胞胚胎与成熟卵母细胞 (MII细胞 )中分离了 2个差异片段 ,片段 2同小鼠睾丸中表达的一个未知片段具有高度同源性 .经过cDNA文库构建、筛选 ,分离到其全长cDNA .序列分析结果表明 ,该基因为小鼠ATP合成酶亚单位 6基因 .ATP合成酶亚单位 6基因由线粒体DNA编码 ,与细胞内ATP的合成相关 .小鼠 2 细胞胚胎特异表达的ATP合成酶亚单位 6基因可能与胚胎正常发育相关     

靶向钠钾ATP酶α1亚单位shRNA质粒表达载体的构建与筛选

构建编码人钠钾ATP酶(Na+/K+-ATPase)α1 mRNA的短发夹RNA(shRNA)质粒表达载体shRNA-ATP1A1(ATP1A11、ATP1A12和ATP1A13),并筛选出基因沉默效果最明显的shRNA质粒表达载体.设计、合成靶向ATP1A1的3对DNA序列,分别插入Pgenesil-3中构建3个shRNA表达载体,经限制性内切酶酶切和DNA测序鉴定确认.筛选并确定最佳细胞接种量及重组质粒转染量,半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫细胞荧光检测Na+/K+-ATPase α1表达变化;MTT法和流式细胞术检测沉默效果最明显的ATP1A13对HepG2增殖活性和细胞周期的影响.构建的质粒表达载体酶切鉴定均可扩增出预期条带,测序符合设计要求,构建成功.ATP1A12和ATP1A13对所转染的HepG2细胞中Na+/K+-ATPase α1 mRNA和蛋白质表达均有抑制作用,其中ATP1A13最为明显(P<0.05).ATP1A13可抑制HepG2细胞的增殖;转染48和60 h,HepG2细胞细胞周期呈现S期阻滞;实时定量PCR检测ATP1A13敲低HepG2Na+/K+-ATPase α1mRNA呈时间依赖性,72 h后表达降低约90%.试验成功构建靶向钠钾ATP酶α1亚单位的shRNA质粒表达载体,其中shRNA-ATP1A13可显著抑制HepG2细胞增殖引起细胞周期S期阻滞.     

6β,19-Bridged androstenedione analogs as aromatase inhibitors

Inhibition of aromatase is an efficient approach for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. New 6β,19-bridged steroid analogs of androstenedione, 6β,19-epithio- and 6β,19-methano compounds 11 and 17, were synthesized starting from 19-hydroxyandrostenedione (6) and 19-formylandrost-5-ene-3β,17β-yl diacetate (12), respectively, as aromatase inhibitors. All of the compounds including known steroids 6β,19-epoxyandrostenedione (4) and 6β,19-cycloandrostenedione (5) tested were weak to poor competitive inhibitors of aromatase and, among them, 6β,19-epoxy steroid 4 provided only moderate inhibition (K_i: 2.2 μM). These results show that the 6β,19-bridged groups of the inhibitors interfere with binding in active site of aromatase.     

性信息素2，6-二氯酚在长角血蜱交配行为中的作用

长角血蜱Haemaphysalis longicornis的交配行为包括7个时期,行为的完成依赖于性信息素的调节。生物测定表明：雄蜱的行为反应受雌蜱分泌的性信息素影响。堵塞雌蜱盾窝其行为受到抑制,点滴2,6-DCP或雌蜱盾窝腺提取物则被恢复。用气相色谱法测定了雌蜱盾窝腺中2,6-DCP的含量;吸血后1～２天含量最高(11.12 ng/只);吸血后3～５天即交配前下降交维持在一较恒定的水平;吸血后6～７天即交配后明显降低;饱血后检测不到2,6-DCP。2,6-DCP是长角血蜱性信息素的一种成分。     

6-(2, 3, 4-Trihydroxy-3-methylbutylamino)purine,a cytokinin with high biological activity

6-(2, 3, 4-Trihydroxy-3-methylbutylamino)purine, isolated from the oxidation of cis- zeatin with potassium permanganate, has been identified by ¹H NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry. Its activity as a cell division factor, when examined by the soybean callus assay in the concentration range 10^?11–10^?5 M, equalled that of the parent compound.     

Endothelial cell and macrophage regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification modulated by cholestane-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol

The cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate vascular calcification remain poorly understood. In our previous study, oxysterol cholestane-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol (Triol) was shown to promote vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification. In this study, by using direct coculture, non-contact transwell coculture, and culture with conditioned media, we investigated the roles of endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages in the regulation of VSMCs calcification in the absence or presence of Triol. In vitro calcification was induced by incubation of VSMCs with beta-glycerophosphate. The results showed that ECs inhibited VSMCs calcification, as manifested by the reduction of calcium deposition in extracellular matrix. This effect of ECs on calcification was via the secreted soluble factors. Furthermore, the stimulation of ECs by Triol had no influence on ECs inhibition of calcification. On the other hand, macrophages promoted VSMCs calcification via the secreted soluble factors such as reactive oxygen species, which was further enhanced by Triol. Our results supported the roles for ECs and macrophages in vascular calcification, modulated by oxysterols in atherosclerotic plaque.     

Benzofuranoid neolignans from Aniba simulans

Forteen neolignans, isolated from the benzene extract of Aniba simulans (Lauraceae) trunk wood, included the hitherto undescribed (2S, 3S, 5R)-5-allyl-5,7-dimethoxy-2-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetra-hydro-6-oxobenzofuran, (2R,3S,5R) -5-allyl-5-methoxy-2-(3′-methoxy-4′,5′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methy1-2,3,5, 6-tetrahydro-6-oxobenzofuran, (2S,3S)-6-O-allyl -5-methoxy-2-(3′-methoxy-4′-5′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, (2R,3S)-6-O-allyl-5-methoxy-2- (3′-methoxy-4′,5′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran and 7-allyl-6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(3′-methoxy-4,5′ -methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methylbenzofuran.     

1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydro-2-Methyl-4, 6, 7-Isoquinolinetriol Depletes Catecholamines in Rat Brain

1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydro-2-methyl-4, 6, 7-isoquinolinetriol (TMIQ) was synthesised and tested for activity as a dopamine-depleting agent in rat brain. After intracerebroventricular infusion, TMIQ caused reductions in dopamine concentrations in substantia nigra, striatum, hypothalamus, and dorsal raphe, and reduction in noradrenaline concentrations in locus coeruleus. TMIQ also reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations in dorsal raphe and substantia nigra, although with a lower potency. Comparisons between TMIQ and MPTP showed that they were approximately equipotent in depleting dopamine in the substantia nigra, hypothalamus, and dorsal raphe. Pretreatment of animals with a combination of monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors completely prevented the TMIQ-induced reductions in dopamine concentrations in substantia nigra and hypothalamus. Direct unilateral intrastriatal injections of TMIQ produced marked ipsilateral reductions in striatal dopamine, correlating with a behavioural response consisting of turning towards the side of injection. The results suggest that TMIQ should be evaluated further as a possible MPTP-like compound, which may derive from endogenous β-hydroxylated catecholamines.     

Design,synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of 4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-2H-indazol-3-ols

New 4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-2H-indazol-3-ols 25-32 were designed, synthesized and in vitro microbially evaluated using clinically isolated bacterial strains viz Staphylococcus aureus, β-Heamolytic streptococcus, Vibreo cholerae, Salmonella typhii, Shigella felxneri and fungal strains viz Aspergillus flavus, Mucor, Rhizopus and Microsporum gypsuem. Results of this study showed that the nature of the substituents on the phenyl rings viz., methyl, methoxy, chloro, nitro as well as the bromo functions at the meta and para positions of the aryl moieties determined the nature and extent of the activity of the fused indazolonol compounds 25-32.