胡萝卜素产生菌粘红酵母ZR－5的培养优化条件研究

本文报道胡萝卜素产生菌粘红酵母（Ｒｈｏｄｏｔｏｒｕｌａｇｌｕｔｉｎｉｓ）ＺＲ－５的培养优化条件。结果表明培养基组分、糖浓度、通气量、培养时间、培养基起始ｐＨ值等对该菌细胞生物量和胡萝卜素含量均有影响。在确定的优化条件下,细胞生物量为２７．７ｍｇ干重／ｍｌ培养基;胡萝卜素含量为３７５μｇ／ｇ干重细胞。     

红法夫酵母产特种胡萝卜素酮的研究

红法夫酵母(Phaffia rhodozyma)可产3-羟-3’,4-二脱氢-β,φ－胡萝卜素－4－酮(HDCO)．经多次诱变和HDCO生成条件研究．HDCO产率由原来的30μg,g(细胞干重)提高至510μg／g(细胞干重)．HDC0占P．Rhodozyma所产总类胡萝卜素含量由8%提高到45%。还对促进和抑制HDCO生成因子及可能的机理进行初步探讨。酵母产HDCO的研究在国内外尚属首次报道。     

胡萝卜素产生菌粘红酵母ZR—5的培养优化条件研究

本报道胡萝卜素产生菌粘红酵母ＺＲ－５的培养优化条件。结果表明培养基组分、糖浓度、通气量、培养时间、培养基起台Ｐ值等对该菌细菌生物量和胡萝卜素含量均有影响。在确定的优化条件下,细胞生物量为２７．７ｍｇ干重／ｍｌ培养基;胡萝卜素含量为３７５μｇ／ｇ干重细胞。     

产胡萝卜素酵母的筛选

从被油污染的土样和植物的落花中分离筛选出几株产胡萝卜素的酵母菌,其中从椰子油污染的土样中分离获得的菌株ＣＯＳ－５的胡萝卜素产量最高。ＣＯＳ－５菌株经鉴定为红酵母（Ｒｈｏｄｏｔｏｒｕｌａ ｓｐ．）ＣＯＳ－５。该菌株以蔗糖为碳源,添加桔子皮和盐酸硫胺素的培养基２８℃振荡培养９６ｈ,细胞生物量为２７．５ｍｇ干重／ｍｌ发酵液,胡萝卜素产量为１３．５５μｇ／ｍｌ发酵液。菌体胡萝卜素含量达４９２．７μｇ／ｇ干     

三孢布拉氏霉发酵生产β-胡萝卜素的研究

利用三孢布拉氏霉发酵生产天然β－胡萝卜素。在30L发酵罐中,平均生物量31．3g干菌重／L发酵液和胡萝卜素1213．1mp／L;在3M³发酵罐中,平均生物量38.0g干菌重／L发酵液和胡萝卜素1146．5mg／L。将中试样品经HPLC分析,在总色素中β-胡萝卜素占92～96％,其他类胡萝卜素占8～4％;在β-胡萝卜素中,反式异构体占90～95％,9－、13－、15－顺式异构体占10～5％。结晶β－胡萝卜素呈多种形状,但大多数为两端锥形的棱柱体。在胡萝卜素提取中,工艺和技     

二十碳五烯酸的菌种选育及发酵条件

利用含亚麻子油的斜面培养基连续传代和逐渐降低培养温度,诱导筛选的方法,从大量丝状真菌中选育到一株产二十碳五烯酸（all－cis－5、8、11、14、17－eicosopnthenoicacid）较高的被孢霉菌（Motierellasp．）SM481。研究得到最适培养基及最适培养条件。在最适培养及产二十碳五烯酸条件下,细胞干重和二十碳五烯酸产量分别为28．8g／L和0.127g／L。     

克鲁维酵母Y-85合成菊粉酶最适条件的研究

采用响应面方法（ResponseSurfaceMethod,RSM）对克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromycessp．）Y－85产菊粉酶培养基成份进行了优选,和正交试验相比,该法选出的最适培养基的酶发酵水平提高28％。用15L自控发酵罐进行产酶条件控制试验,并在1000L罐上进行5批次酶发酵中试,平均菊粉酶活性达68.9u／ml。     

氮源种类及溶氧水平对锁掷酵母产类胡萝卜素组分的影响

在锁掷酵母（Sporidioboluspararoseus）发酵产类胡萝卜紊的过程中,发酵产物中类胡萝卜紊种类繁多,而且性质相似,加大了不同色素分离纯化的难度。为定向积累不同种类的类胡萝卜素,以本实验室保藏锁挪酵母JD-2为出发菌,研究了氮源种类和浓度及溶氧对锁掷酵母产类胡萝卜素的影响,并在7L发酵罐中进行了补料分批发酵试验。发现培养基中同时添加有机氮源和无机氮源且溶氧控制较低（5％）时有利于β-胡萝卜素的大量积累,最佳有机氮源和无机氮源分别为玉米浆（20g／L）、硫酸铵（5g／L）。补料分批发酵时β-胡萝卜素产量达到31．28mg／L,红酵母烯12．38mg／L。培养基中只添加有机氮源且相对溶氧控制相对较高（30％）时有利于红酵母烯的大量积累,最佳有机氮源为酵母膏（20g／L）。补料分批发酵时红酵母烯产量达到38．96mg／L,8．胡萝卜素12．36mg／L。     

高活力β-淀粉酶菌种的选育和发酵条件的研究

产β一淀粉酶的腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)Asl．447,通过紫外线、亚硝基胍和利福平的反复处理诱变,获得一株具有高活力β-淀粉酶的变异菌株M一3,产酶活力从74u／ml提高到5000—7000u／ml。牛肉汁液体培养基成分为：每100ml牛肉汁中加人蛋白胨1g,可溶性淀粉1g,酵母膏0．5g,NaCl 0．5g pH6．0。该变异菌的最适培养条件是：pH6—6．5 30℃48小时。酶的最适反应条件是：温度40℃,pH7 0,pH稳定范围是6—9,酶的抗热性较差,对可溶性淀粉水解率达85％以上。     

丙酸发酵的研究

北京丙酸杆菌(Propionibacrerium beijingense)不能利用无机氮。蛋白胨和酵母膏的种类对该菌生长和产酸的影响显著,其中以酵母膏最好,浓度以l一2％为宜。丙酸发酵最适温度为25一30℃,最适pH为6．5,葡萄糖浓度以1-2％为佳。使用下列发酵培养基(％)：葡萄糖2．酵母膏2,CaCO3,1．5,丙酸产量为9．35g／L,对糖的产率达51．94％,丙酸对乙酸的比例近5：l。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.