南方鲇继饥饿后的恢复生长

1996年1月至4月在27．5℃条件下,对南方鲇幼鱼（初始体重：73．65±9．82g）进行了不同时间的饥饿处理后再供食的恢复生长实验。实验鱼饥饿60d后,鱼体比能值、蛋白质含量及脂肪含量明显下降,灰分含量及含水量明显上升。分别将饥饿处理0（对照）、10、20、30、40、50和60d的南方鲇再恢复喂食,在饱足摄食水平下生长20d。各饥饿处理组的鱼体化学组成及比能值均接近,并恢复到对照生长组水平。饥饿处理50d组的干重及能量生长率,湿重、干重及能量摄食率显著高于对照组的相应值。通过讨论认为：（1）饥饿处理50d的南方鲇在恢复生长过程中产生了显著的补偿效应;（2）该补偿现象主要因摄食水平显著升高所致。     

饥饿对牙鲆幼鱼补偿生长、生化组成及能量收支的影响

在水温(23.0±1.0)℃条件下,以鲜杂鱼(x)和配合饲料(P)为饵料,采用室内循环流水的试验方法研究饥饿后再投喂对牙鲆幼鱼补偿生长、生化组成及能量收支模式的影响.结果表明:试验组S1F5、S5F25均表现出完全补偿生长现象,且S1F5组主要通过提高摄食率(FR)来实现补偿生长,而S5F25组主要通过提高食物转化率(FCE)来实现补偿生长;经补偿生长后,各试验组鱼体的生化组成与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05);经饥饿处理后牙鲆幼鱼生长能占摄食能的比例增加,用于排泄和代谢的比重有所下降.     

不同脂肪源对泥鳅稚鱼生长性能及脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究饲料不同脂肪源对泥鳅稚鱼生长性能及鱼体脂肪酸组成的影响, 实验选择初始体重为(10.002.00) mg的健康泥鳅稚鱼1500尾, 随机分为5组, 每组3个重复, 每个水箱100尾鱼, 分别投喂5种含有鱼油(FO)、大豆油(SO)、玉米油(CO)、花生油(PeO)和棕榈油(PaO)的配合饲料, 每种饲料3个重复, 饲养期为40d。结果显示, 摄食不同脂肪源饲料的泥鳅稚鱼在增重率、成活率、饲料系数等生长性能指标和体成分上没有显著差异(P0.05), 但是, 摄食FO组鱼体极性脂肪含量显著高于其他植物油组(P0.05)。鱼油组鱼体中性和极性脂肪中总n-3系脂肪酸含量和EPA+DHA含量显著高于其他植物油组(P0.05)。植物油组鱼体极性脂肪中20:4n-6含量显著高于鱼油组(P0.05), 表明泥鳅稚鱼具有将C18转换为C20的能力。研究表明, 在饲料中添加足量磷脂, 鱼油、大豆油、玉米油、花生油、棕榈油都可以用作泥鳅稚鱼期专用饲料脂肪源。     

淡水养殖太平洋鲑循环饥饿后补偿性生长效果研究

用16.1%脂肪,38.1%蛋白质含量日粮饲养108尾初始重约为240g的太平洋鲑(Oncorhynchusspp.)于0.25m3的水族箱中64d,水温为15.5±3.7℃。实验分6组,分别为对照组(每天投喂),实验1组(隔天投喂),实验2组(隔2天投喂2天),实验3组(隔4天投喂4天),实验4组(隔8天投喂8天),实验5组(隔16天投喂16天)。每组设3个平行水族箱,每箱6尾鱼。研究淡水养殖太平洋鲑多重周期饥饿后补偿性生长效果。实验结果表明:(1)各试验组太平洋鲑成活率均为100%。实验1、2、3组太平洋鲑鱼体增重接近对照组,其恢复摄食期间特定生长率、摄食率、食物转化率均显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。而实验4、5组鱼恢复摄食期间虽摄食率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但其鱼体增重、特定生长率、食物转化率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);(2)实验各组鱼肥满度、肝体比、肝脏脂肪和糖原含量、肌肉中脂肪含量较对照组均有不同程度下降,肝脏脂肪中总饱和脂肪酸比例上升,而总多不饱和脂肪酸比例下降;(3)实验1、2、3组血浆中甘油三酯、胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白显著低于对照组,而葡萄糖、血清中甲状腺激素T4浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验结果表明,初重约240g太平洋鲑饥饿1—4d,再循环投喂相同时间64d后,获得了接近完全补偿生长效果,表现为其恢复摄食期间摄食率和食物转化率明显上升,生长速率明显加快,饲料报酬明显提高,鱼体增重接近持续喂食的对照组,养殖效益明显提高。但饥饿8—16d再循环投喂相同时间后,表现为无补偿生长效应,食物转化率和生长速率明显下降,鱼体增重极显著低于持续喂鱼的对照组。     

亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和富硒螺旋藻对杂交鲟幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力及组织硒含量的影响

实验旨在研究饲料中不同类型和水平的硒源对杂交鲟(Acipenser baerii♂×Acipenser schrenckii♀)幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力及组织硒含量的影响。不同类型的硒源为亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和富硒螺旋藻,添加水平为0、0.4和1.2 mg/kg,制作对照饲料(C)、亚硒酸钠添加饲料(S1和S2)、酵母硒添加饲料(Y1和Y2)和富硒螺旋藻添加饲料(P1和P2)。使用实验饲料饲喂初始体重为(7.82±0.12) g的杂交鲟幼鱼,养殖62d。结果表明,不同硒源和硒水平对杂交鲟幼鱼的特定生长率和饲料效率无显著影响(P>0.05)。高水平亚硒酸钠显著提高了全鱼和肝脏硒含量(P<0.05),但对肌肉和脊椎骨硒含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。高水平酵母硒和富硒藻螺旋添加组杂交鲟幼鱼的全鱼、肝脏、肌肉及脊椎骨硒含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。酵母硒添加组的血浆总蛋白(TP)和总胆固醇(TC)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,高水平硒添加组杂交鲟幼鱼的血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组和低水平硒添加组(P<0.05)。亚...     

饲料中不同含量豆粕对乌苏里拟鲿生长、体成分及表观消化率的影响

以初始体重(0.500.00) g的乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)稚鱼为试验对象, 在室内进行为期8周的摄食生长实验, 研究饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白对乌苏里拟鲿生长、体成分及消化率的影响。以豆粕分别替代对照饲料(S0)中10%(S10)、20%(S20)、30%(S30)、40%(S40)、50%(S50)和60%(S60)的鱼粉蛋白, 另外,60%组添加0.3%蛋氨酸(SM60), 共配制8种等氮等能试验饲料。结果表明, 随着饲料中豆粕替代比例的增大,试验鱼的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均逐渐降低, 但10%40%替代组与对照组之间差异不显著(P0.05), S50和S60显著低于对照组(P0.05); 与S60组相比, SM60组增重率和特定生长率有所提高(P0.05),但显著低于0%40%替代组(P0.05); 饲料系数的变化规律与增重率的趋势正好相反; 当饲料中豆粕替代水平由0%增加到20%时, 乌苏里拟鲿的摄食率由3.22%提高到3.55%, 而后随着替代比例进一步增加, 摄食率逐渐降低, 但方差分析表明, 差异不显著。饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对乌苏里拟鲿全鱼水分和灰分含量的影响不显著, 肌肉水分随着替代比例的升高而逐渐升高; 全鱼和肌肉粗蛋白含量随着替代比例的升高而逐渐降低, 其中, S60和SM60组显著低于其他组(P0.05); 随着替代比例的升高, 全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪呈现升高的趋势, S60和SM60组显著高于其他替代组(P0.05); 肥满度在各组间差异不显著(P0.05); 当豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白比例为60%时, 肝体比、脏体比指数显著高于其他组(P0.05), 而其他组间差异不显著(P0.05)。50%和60%替代组的蛋白质和干物质的表观消化率显著低于040%替代组(P0.05), 而040%替代组之间差异不显著(P0.05);随着豆粕替代比例由0升高到60%, 磷表观消化率由36.07% 升高到66.50%。在实验条件下, 豆粕替代乌苏里拟鲿饲料中40%鱼粉蛋白, 不会影响乌苏里拟鲿的生长和饲料利用, 而高比例替代对生长和鱼的健康有负面影响。     

两种油脂水平下DHA强化对饥饿鲤体重及脂代谢的影响

饥饿是鱼类无法有效获取食物从而使机体呈现能量匮乏的特殊时期, DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid)作为大多数鱼饥饿后得以特别保留的高不饱和脂肪酸, 它对饥饿鱼体可能具有特殊的能量调控作用。为进一步探讨这一问题, 研究设计了以下饲养试验: 先在6%与12%两个油脂水平下分别添加3%DHA制品, 形成基础组、基础-DHA组、高脂组和高脂-DHA组共4组试验饲料。将尾均重为(14.81±0.13) g的鲤360尾随机分为4组, 每组3个重复, 每个重复30尾鱼, 分别用以上4组饲料对进行饲喂, 饲养74d后, 每个养殖缸随机余留6尾鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)进行饥饿, 36d后检测饥饿鲤体重、生物学性状、体成分、血清生化指标等。结果显示: ①在同一脂肪水平下, DHA添加组饥饿鲤体重减重率均分别显著高于无DHA组(P<0.05); ②在2个油脂水平下DHA添加组饥饿鲤肝细胞直径均分别显著低于无DHA组(P<0.05); 鱼体肥满度、空壳比率等生物学性状在各组饥饿鲤间均无显著差异(P>0.05); ③在2个油脂水平下, DHA添加组饥饿鲤肌肉及肠脂肪含量均分别显著低于无DHA组(P<0.05), 而饥饿鲤肝胰脏脂肪含量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05); ④饥饿鲤血清生化指标在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明, DHA添加组饥饿鲤体重、肝细胞直径以及肌肉及肠脂肪含量均呈显著下降趋势, 显示出DHA的添加未能协助鲤有效抵御饥饿等不良环境的胁迫。     

不同蛋白源对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼生长和蛋白质代谢相关基因表达的影响

以初始体重为(2.90±0.01) g的瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)为研究对象, 探究不同蛋白源对瓦氏黄颡鱼生长、体组成、前肠PEPT1和肝脏TOR基因表达的影响。以鱼粉(FM)、大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)、水解鱼蛋白(FH)和晶体氨基酸混合物(CAA)为主要蛋白源, 配制4种等氮(粗蛋白含量为39.0%)等脂(粗脂肪含量为9.0%)的实验饲料, 投喂实验鱼66d。结果显示, 不同蛋白源虽然对瓦氏黄颡鱼存活率(SR)无显著影响(P>0.05), 但显著影响了瓦氏黄颡鱼的特定生长率(SGR)。其中, SPC组瓦氏黄颡鱼SGR低于FM组, 却显著高于FH组和CAA组(P<0.05)。虽然SPC组瓦氏黄颡鱼粗蛋白含量低于FM组, 但其鱼体粗脂肪含量显著高于FM组(P<0.05)。不同蛋白源显著影响了瓦氏黄颡鱼PEPT1基因表达(P<0.05), 在35d时, SPC组PEPT1表达量虽然低于FM组, 但显著高于FH和CAA组(P<0.05);在66d时, SPC组瓦氏黄颡鱼前肠PEPT1表达量显著高于FM组(P<0.05)。不同蛋白源饲料对鱼体肝脏TOR基因表达无显著影响(P>0.05)。以上结果表明, SPC组瓦氏黄颡鱼生长性能虽然低于FM组, 但显著高于FH组和CAA组, 这可能是通过上调前肠PEPT1表达来实现的。     

日本沼虾继饥饿后补偿生长研究

在25.0±1℃条件下,对日本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense (湿重, 0.52～0.64 g )进行了不同时间的饥饿处理后再供食的恢复生长实验.对照组C连续饱食投喂18 d;处理组S2、S4和S8分别饥饿2、4和8 d后再饱食投喂16、14和10 d.结果 饥饿结束时各处理组的湿重均显著低于对照组;实验结束时S2、S4组与对照组间的湿重差异不显著,而S8组的湿重仍显著低于对照组;恢复生长时各处理组的湿重摄食率、食物转化率和生长率开始显著高于对照组,但随着恢复时间延长又逐步达到对照组水平.随着饥饿时间延长,日本沼虾标准代谢率降低.在恢复投喂后又逐步回升到对照组水平.实验结果表明,日本沼虾继饥饿后再恢复喂食出现完全或部分补偿生长效应不仅是由于增加食欲,提高了摄食水平,同时也改善了食物转化率.因此,补偿生长是这两种生理因素共同作用的结果.     

饲料脂肪水平对杂交鲟幼鱼生长、饲料消化率、抗氧化水平和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

研究旨在探究饲料中不同脂肪水平对西伯利亚杂交鲟(Acipenser baerii Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂)幼鱼生长、饲料消化率、血清生化指标及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。以鱼油为脂肪源, 配制4种脂肪水平分别为5%(D05)、10%(D10)、15%(D15)和20%(D20)的等氮饲料。选用初始体重为(152.83±0.67) g的杂交鲟, 随机分为4组, 每组3个重复, 每个重复25尾鱼。养殖周期为12周。结果显示, 饲料中不同脂肪水平对杂交鲟的生长性能有显著影响(P<0.05)。其中, D15组杂交鲟幼鱼的末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于D05、D10和D20组(P<0.05), 饲料效率(FE)显著高于D05和D10组(P<0.05)。随着饲料中脂肪含量的增加, 杂交鲟幼鱼脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)及肌肉、肝脏中的脂肪含量显著上升(P<0.05)。饲料中不同脂肪水平对干物质(ADC_d)、蛋白质(ADC_p)表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。D10、D15和D20组脂肪表观消化率(ADC_f)显著高于D05组(P<0.05)。D15组能量表观消化率在各组中最高, 显著高于D05和D10组(P<0.05)。随着饲料中脂肪水平的增加, 血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活性均显著升高, 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著下降(P<0.05)。此外, 肝功能指标谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性也随饲料中脂肪水平的升高呈递增趋势(P<0.05)。肌肉中的各脂肪酸含量与饲料中脂肪酸含量呈显著的线性正相关(R2>0.90, P<0.05)。综合各指标因素判断, 西伯利亚杂交鲟幼鱼饲料中适宜的脂肪水平为15%, P/E为23.54 mg/kJ。     

饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白对异育银鲫生长、代谢及免疫功能的影响

本实验评价了饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白后对异育银鲫的生长、饲料利用、氮代谢和鱼体免疫力等的影响。实验设计4种等氮等能的饲料,每种3个重复,分别以豆粕替代饲料中鱼粉蛋白的0%（对照,D1）、20%（D2）、80%（D3）和100%（D4）。实验在半循环水养殖系统持续16周,鱼的初重约2.32g,实验期间水温23－30℃。结果表明,随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高,摄食率显著升高(P＜0.05),特定生长率、饲料转化效率、蛋白沉积率和能量沉积率显著降低(P＜0.05);蛋白表观消化率显著升高,干物质和能量表观消化率则显著降低(P＜0.05);总氮摄入量、表观氮摄入量、粪氮排出量、非粪氮排泄量、总氮沉积率均随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高呈显著降低到的趋势(P< 0.05),生产每千克鱼的氮排放量则随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高显著升高(P< 0.05);血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯的含量显著升高,而胆固醇的含量显著降低(P＜0.05);血清的溶菌酶显著降低,超氧化物岐化酶逐渐升高(P＜0.05)。     

The effect of feeding strategies and body weight on growth performance and hematological parameters of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii,Brandt 1869): Preliminary results

The purpose of present study was to investigate the growth performance and hematological parameters of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii in three feeding strategies (satiation feeding, restricted feeding and starvation). We considered two body weights 465.75 ± 11.18 g and 250.40 ± 12 g for large fish and small fish, respectively. In a 45‐day experiment, eighteen fiberglass tanks were used for six triplicate treatments. In restricted feeding strategy, the fish were fed to 50% of satiation and starved treatments were an absolute feed deprivation throughout the experiment. At the end of 45‐day period, the hematological parameters were measured. The reduction of weight, condition factor and daily growth rate in the smaller fish was dramatically higher than the larger fish. Feed deprivation increased the rate of weight loss. Specific growth rate were negative in the large and small fish of starved treatments. The hematological results revealed no significant differences in except for the number of monocytes in larger fish. Large satiated fish showed the highest number of monocytes. In general, these strategies (restriction and deprivation) did not have any negative impacts on the hematological parameter in both sizes but respect to fish body weight, difference in total feed input between satiated and restricted treatments changed growth performance. It seems that restricted feeding (50% of satiation) in large fish was enough to achieve optimal growth while the amount of feed provided for small fish was not enough. Therefore; we can conclude that the restricted feeding is an effective strategy in rearing sturgeon at higher weight when the rearing condition is unsuitable.     

Compensatory growth in the gibel carp following feed deprivation: temporal patterns in growth, nutrient deposition, feed intake and body composition

To investigate the nature of compenstory growth in fish, an 8 week study at 28°C was performed on juvenile gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio weighing 6·6 g. Fish were starved for 0 (control), 1 (S1) or 2 (S2) weeks and then re-fed to satiation for 5 weeks. Weekly changes in weight gain, feed intake and body composition were monitored during re-feeding. No significant difference was found in final body weight between the three groups, indicating complete compensation in the deprived fish. The deprived groups caught up in body weight with that of the control after 2 weeks of re-feeding. Body fat: lean body mass ratio was restored to the control level within 1 week of re-feeding. In the re-feeding period, weekly gains in body weight, protein, lipid, ash and energy in the S1 group were significantly higher than in the controls for 1 week. For the S2 group, weekly gains in body weight, lipid, ash and energy were higher than in the controls for 2 weeks, and gain in protein was higher than in the controls for 3 weeks, though gain in body energy became elevated again during the last 2 weeks of the experiment. Feed intake remained higher than the control level for 3 weeks in the S1 group and 4 weeks in the S2 group. Growth efficiency was not significantly different among the three groups in any of the weeks during re-feeding. Compensatory responses in growth and especially feed intake tended to last longer than the recovery of body composition.     

Effects of starvation,re-feeding and timing of food supply on daily rhythm features of gut melatonin in carp (Catla catla)

Influences of starvation, re-feeding and time of food supply on daily rhythm features of melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) and its key regulator AANAT (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase) protein in the gut tissues were separately evaluated in carp Catla catla. The first experiment was aimed at demonstration of duration dependent effects of starvation and re-feeding after starvation on the daily profiles and rhythm features of gut melatonin and AANAT. Accordingly, juvenile carp were randomly distributed in three groups, which were (a) provided with balanced diet daily at a fixed time, that is, 10:00 clock hour or zeitgeber time (ZT) 4 (control), or (b) starved (for 2-, 4-, 6- or 8 days), or (c) initially starved for 8 days and then re-fed (for 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12- or 16 days) daily with the same food and at the time (ZT4) used for control fish. The carp in each group were sampled for collection of gut tissues at six different time points at a regular interval of 4?h in a daily cycle. In another experiment, the influences of timing of food supply were separately examined in four fish groups, which were provided with a fixed amount of food once daily either at 06:00 or 12:00 or 18:00 or 24:00 clock hour corresponding to ZT0 or ZT6 or ZT12 or ZT18, respectively, for 7 days before sampling at 12 different time points with a regular interval of 2?h in a 24-h cycle. The study revealed a gradual increase in the mesor and amplitude values of melatonin and AANAT in gut with the progress of starvation till their values reached maximum at day-6 and remained steady thereafter. In contrast, re-feeding of 8-day starved fish resulted in a sharp decrease in their mesor and amplitude values after 2 days and then followed by a steady-state increase till re-attainment of their values close to control fish at the end of 16 days. The acrophase of these gut variables in each control, starved and re-fed fish was noted mostly at midday or ZT6. However, the results of another experiment demonstrated that a shift of food supply time led to a shift in their acrophase. The amount of residual food in the gut lumen in each, but not starved, fish by showing a significant positive correlation independently with the gut levels of melatonin and AANAT also indicated possible role of food as the synchronizer for their daily rhythms. Collectively, it appears reasonable to argue that daily profiles of gut melatonin and AANAT are strongly influenced by the availability of food, while their daily rhythm features seem to be dependent mostly on the time of food supply in carp.     

饲料中不同蛋白、脂肪水平对春鲤生长、饲料利用和体成分的影响

研究旨在探讨洱海土著鱼类春鲤(Cyprinus longipectoralis)(初始体重0.55 g)对蛋白质和脂肪的需求量。实验采用3×3双因子设计,蛋白水平为33%、39%和45%,脂肪水平为5%、8%和11%,共9组等能饲料。实验在水温为(28±2)℃的室内微流水系统中进行,为期56d。实验结果表明:随着蛋白水平的提高,摄食率显著降低(P<0.05),饲料效率、能量沉积率、鱼体水分和脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05),但特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白沉积率、鱼体灰分含量和能值均无显著变化(P>0.05)。随着脂肪水平的提高,特定生长率、蛋白沉积率和鱼体蛋白含量显著下降,鱼体脂肪含量显著上升(P<0.05),而摄食率、饲料效率、能量沉积率、鱼体水分和灰分含量以及能值则无明显变化(P>0.05)。通过折线回归分析得出,当饲料中蛋脂比为7.30时,春鲤有最大的特定生长率。研究结果表明,春鲤饲料中适宜的蛋白和脂肪水平分别为33%—34%和4%—5%。     

锦鲫幼鱼标准代谢率与生长性能的关联

为考察温水性鲤科鱼类在不同食物资源条件下标准代谢率(Standard metabolic rate, SMR)与其生长性能的关系, 研究在(25.00.5)℃条件下测定体重相近的30尾锦鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼的SMR, 将所有实验鱼置于多单元格水槽进行实验处理(摄食与饥饿)。实验时间为4周(0、7d、14d、21d和28d), 包括两周的生长实验(014d)和两周的饥饿实验(1528d)。摄食期间, 于每天上午9: 00和下午21: 00用商业饲料对每尾鱼饱足投喂并记录投喂量。单尾鱼的体重和体长每隔1周测定一次, 而SMR仅在第0、第14和第28天测定。结果显示:(1)锦鲫幼鱼在摄食期间的体重、体长以及SMR均明显上升, 饥饿期间体重和SMR显著降低(P0.05), 但体长变化不明显; SMR不论摄食期间还是饥饿期间呈现较好的稳定性(二者P0.05)。(2)锦鲫幼鱼在摄食期间开始时的SMR (测定Ⅰ)与摄食率(FR)、摄食转化率(FE)以及特定体重生长率(SGRBM)均无相关性, 摄食期间结束时的SMR (测定Ⅱ)仅与FR呈正相关(P0.05), 但与FE以及SGRBM不相关。(3)摄食期间(饥饿期间)实验鱼的第一周日均体重增(减)量与第二周日均体重增(减)量呈正相关, 其体重的增率与减率无显著差异(P0.05)。(4)实验鱼在摄食期间的特定体重增长率(SGRBM)与饥饿期间的不相关(P0.05), 但摄食期间的特定SMR增长率(SGRSMR)与饥饿期间的呈负相关(P0.05)。研究表明在实验室环境中锦鲫幼鱼的SMR具有稳定性, 该种鱼的日均体重变化量保持相近, 此形态变化特征与SMR不相关, 并且该种鱼在实验起始时的SMR的个体差异未能预测其在实验室食物资源变动下生长性能的适应特征。     

Fast-growing transgenic common carp mounting compensatory growth

Compensatory growth is a phase of accelerated growth apparent when favourable conditions are restored after a period of growth depression. To investigate if F₂ common 'all-fish' growth hormone gene transgenic common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) could mount compensatory growth, a 9 week study at 29° C was performed. The control group was fed to satiation twice a day throughout the experiment. The other two groups were deprived of feed for 1 or 2 weeks, respectively, and then fed to satiation during the re-feeding period. At the end of the experiment, the live masses of fish in the deprived groups were still significantly lower than those of the controls. During the re-feeding period, size-adjusted mean specific growth rates and mean feed intakes were significantly higher in the deprived fish than in the controls, indicating a partial compensatory growth response in these fish. No significant differences were found in food conversion efficiency between the deprived and control fish during re-feeding, suggesting that hyperphagia was the mechanism responsible for increased growth rates. The proximate composition of the deprived fish at the end of the experiment was similar to that of the control fish. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to report that fast-growing transgenic fish can achieve partial compensation of growth following starvation.     

饲料中糖/脂肪比例对瓦氏黄颡鱼生长、饲料利用、血糖水平和肝脏糖酵解酶活力的影响

以初始体重(4.20±0.02)g的瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)幼鱼为实验对象,在流水系统中进行为期8周的摄食生长实验,探讨饲料中糖与脂肪比例(CHO∶L)对其生长、饲料利用、血糖水平和糖酵解酶活力的影响。饲料等氮(粗蛋白40%)等能(19 MJ/g),CHO∶L梯度为0.75—6.53。每种饲料随机投喂3桶鱼,每桶(50 L)放养40尾鱼。实验结果表明随着CHO∶L升高,瓦氏黄颡鱼特定生长率(SGR)先升高后降低,当CHO∶L为3.55时,SGR达最大,显著高于CHO∶L为0.75和6.53时的值(P<0.05)。饲料效率(FE)和蛋白效率(PER)在CHO∶L为1.30—3.55区间内都没有显著差异,但当CHO∶L为0.75或6.53时,FE和PER的值都显著降低(P<0.05)。脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)在各处理组间无显差异(P>0.05)。随CHO∶L的增加,全鱼粗蛋白含量先增加后降低,且在CHO:L为3.55时达到最大值,且显著高于CHO:L为0.75时的值(P<0.05)。而全鱼粗脂肪含量随CHO∶L增加而显著减少(P<0.05)。血糖和血浆总胆固醇水平在各处理组间无显著差异(P>0.05),而血浆甘油三酯水平随CHO∶L的增加而显著增加(P<0.05)。随CHO∶L的增加,瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脏葡萄糖激酶(GK)活力先增加后降低,且在CHO∶L为3.55时活力最大,显著高于CHO∶L为0.75时的值(P<0.05)。肝脏己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)和磷酸果糖激酶(PFK-1)活力在各处理组间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。用二次多项回归模型拟合特定生长率和CHO∶L的关系,得到饲料最适CHO∶L为4.06。     

Compensatory growth in sub‐yearling Siberian sturgeon,Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869: Effects of starvation and refeeding on growth,feed utilization and body composition

The capacity of sub‐yearling Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869) (19.7 ± 0.8 g) to show compensatory growth was assessed for a 40‐day period for the effects of short‐term starvation and refeeding on growth, feeding performance and body composition. After acclimation, 25 experimental fish were randomly distributed among twelve 500‐L cylindrical fiberglass tanks with a flow‐through system. The fish were subjected to four different feeding regimes: control, which was fed four times daily to apparent satiation; T₁: four periods of 2 days starvation alternating with 8 days re‐feeding; T₂: two periods of 4 days starvation alternating with 16 days refeeding; T₃: an 8 days starvation period followed by 32 days refeeding. At the end of the experiment, the deprived fish attained body weights comparable to those attained by the control fish. There were no differences in growth and feeding performances between the deprived and the control fish. Total protein and lipid contents of the control fish were significantly higher than that of T₁ and T₂ fish at the end of the experiment (P < 0.05). A significant difference in the energy content was observed between T₂ and the control. Siberian sturgeon exhibited complete compensation, indicating a high ability of the deprived fish to grow sufficiently to fully compensate for weight loss during starvation. The results suggested that the feeding schedule involving starvation–refeeding cycles could be a promising feed management option for the culture of this species.     

饲料中添加水解鱼蛋白对半滑舌鳎稚鱼生长及生理生化指标的影响

试验研究了饲料中添加不同水平(0%、20%、40%和60%)的水解鱼蛋白(Fish potein hdrolysate,FPH)对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)稚鱼生长及生理生化指标的影响。28d饲养实验结束后,对试验鱼生长指标、鱼体消化酶活性、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及肠道发育情况进行分析。结果显示:实验鱼的存活率为64.44%—78.88%,其中20%与40%添加组存活率显著高于其他两组(P0.05);实验鱼的特定生长率(SGR)随饲料中FPH添加水平升高呈下降趋势,20%添加组特定生长率最高,显著高于其他3组(P0.05),且60%添加组与对照组(FM)之间无显著差异(P0.05);各试验组鱼体消化酶(脂肪酶、淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)的比活力在14d与28d时的强弱关系不一致。鱼体碱性磷酸酶比活力大小依次为:20%组40%组对照组60%组,各组间差异均显著(P0.05);半滑舌鳎肠道微绒毛长度和黏膜厚度均以20%添加组为最优,显著优于其他3组(P0.05)。以上结果表明,在实验条件下,饲料中FPH的添加水平为20%时,能提高半滑舌鳎稚鱼的存活率及生长性能,并增强其对营养物质的吸收能力。