西伯利亚鲟在高温下饥饿后的补偿生长

在高温(29±1)℃下将西伯利亚鲟幼鱼(21.61±0.03)g饥饿0(对照)、6、12和18d后恢复摄食3周, 研究摄食、生长和鱼体组成的变化。结果表明, 经过不同程度饥饿的鱼体重均显著低于对照组(P0.05), 而饥饿18d(S18组)的鱼体重显著低于对照(P0.05)。在饥饿过程中,鱼体脂肪含量和肝脏肝糖原含量下降的同时, 各饥饿组的灰分含量上升, 但仅S18组与对照差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明, 西伯利亚鲟在高温下表现出完全补偿现象, 且是通过同时提高摄食率和饲料效率来实现补偿生长的, 因此在夏季高温时对鲟鱼进行一段时间适度的饥饿可以在不影响生长和体成分的前提下节约饲料成本, 减少因过量投饵而引起的环境污染。       

南方鲇继饥饿后的恢复生长

1996年1月至4月在27．5℃条件下,对南方鲇幼鱼（初始体重：73．65±9．82g）进行了不同时间的饥饿处理后再供食的恢复生长实验。实验鱼饥饿60d后,鱼体比能值、蛋白质含量及脂肪含量明显下降,灰分含量及含水量明显上升。分别将饥饿处理0（对照）、10、20、30、40、50和60d的南方鲇再恢复喂食,在饱足摄食水平下生长20d。各饥饿处理组的鱼体化学组成及比能值均接近,并恢复到对照生长组水平。饥饿处理50d组的干重及能量生长率,湿重、干重及能量摄食率显著高于对照组的相应值。通过讨论认为：（1）饥饿处理50d的南方鲇在恢复生长过程中产生了显著的补偿效应;（2）该补偿现象主要因摄食水平显著升高所致。     

在高植物蛋白饲料中添加水解鱼蛋白对牙鲆幼鱼的影响

研究采用酶解技术水解太平洋鳕鱼肉, 制备不同分子量组分的两种水解鱼蛋白产品(Fish protein hydrolysate,FPH-A 和FPH-B)。在牙鲆幼鱼高植物蛋白饲料配方中, 以水解鱼蛋白产物1.2%和3.7%两个梯度替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白, 在室内流水养殖系统中进行了为期60d 的生长实验。研究了高植物蛋白饲料中添加水解鱼蛋白对肉食性鱼类牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)生长性能和饲料利用的影响。结果表明, 添加3.7%的水解鱼蛋白显著促进了牙鲆幼鱼的生长, 特别是添加了富含低分子量组分的水解蛋白产品(FPH-A)后实验鱼的特定生长率最高。各实验处理组牙鲆摄食率没有显著差异。摄食添加3.7% FPH-A 的牙鲆鱼体粗蛋白含量显著高于对照鱼粉组。添加水解鱼蛋白显著提高了牙鲆幼鱼的蛋白质消化率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率,摄食3.7% FPH-A 实验鱼蛋白质消化率、蛋白质效率和蛋白沉积率最高, 显著高于其他各组。实验表明, 高植物蛋白饲料中添加低分子量组分的水解鱼蛋白可显著提高牙鲆幼鱼的生长和饲料蛋白利用。       

饥饿对鲤幼鱼内脏器官指数和力竭运动后代谢特征的影响

为了考察不同饥饿时间对鲤幼鱼内脏器官指数和力竭运动后代谢特征的影响, 在(25±0.5)℃条件下, 将35尾实验鱼[体质量(21.34±0.42) g, 体长(9.39±0.08) cm]随机平均分成5组, 即: 对照组(S0)、1周(S1)、2周(S2)、4周(S4)和8周(S8)饥饿组, 相应时间的饥饿处理后测定各实验组鱼体内脏器官指数及力竭运动后过量耗氧(Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, EPOC)。结果发现: 除了体长以外, 鲤幼鱼体质量、空壳湿重、内脏团湿重、肝脏湿重、消化道湿重、心脏湿重和鳃湿重等均随着饥饿时间的延长呈下降趋势。S2、S4和S8组的幼鱼空壳指数显著高于S0和S1组(P<0.001)。S2、S4和S8组的幼鱼内脏团指数和肝脏指数都显著低于S0和S1组(P<0.001)。S1组幼鱼消化道指数显著低于S0组, 但显著高于S2、S4和S8组(P<0.001)。心脏指数和鳃指数在所有实验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。S1组幼鱼运动前代谢率显著低于S0组(P<0.001), 但显著高于S2、S4和S8组(P<0.001)。S1组幼鱼运动代谢峰值和代谢率增量与S1组差异不显著(P>0.05), 但显著高于S0、S4和S8组(P<0.001, P=0.003)。各组间幼鱼代谢峰值时间差异不显著(P>0.05)。各个饥饿组幼鱼运动代谢峰值比率都显著高于S0组(P=0.002)。S1组的幼鱼EPOC与S0和S2组的差异不显著(P>0.05), 但显著高于S4和S8组(P=0.043)。综上所述: (1) 鲤幼鱼各个组织器官对饥饿胁迫的响应不尽相同, 这可能与其执行的生理功能差异有关; (2) 短期饥饿胁迫提升了鲤幼鱼有氧和无氧代谢能力, 这可能有利于其摄食和逃逸能力的提高, 进而提高其生存适合度。     

中国对虾继饥饿后的补偿生长研

1999年7至8月份,在25.0±0.5℃条件下对中国对虾（湿重,1.454±0.150g）进行了不同时间的饥饿处理后再供食的恢复生长实验。对照组C连续饱食投喂32d;处理组S4、S8和S12分别饥饿4、8和12d后再饱食投喂28、24和20d。主要结果如下饥饿结束时各处理组的干重和湿重显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;实验结束时S4组和对照组间的干重和湿重差异不显著（P>0.05）,而S8和S12两组的干重和湿重仍显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;恢复生长后各处理组的湿重摄食率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。实验结果表明,中国对虾继饥饿后再恢复喂食出现完全或部分补偿生长效应,且这种补偿生长效应主要是通过恢复生长阶段食欲增大,摄食水平提高实现的。     

日本沼虾继饥饿后补偿生长研究

在25.0±1℃条件下,对日本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense (湿重, 0.52～0.64 g )进行了不同时间的饥饿处理后再供食的恢复生长实验.对照组C连续饱食投喂18 d;处理组S2、S4和S8分别饥饿2、4和8 d后再饱食投喂16、14和10 d.结果 饥饿结束时各处理组的湿重均显著低于对照组;实验结束时S2、S4组与对照组间的湿重差异不显著,而S8组的湿重仍显著低于对照组;恢复生长时各处理组的湿重摄食率、食物转化率和生长率开始显著高于对照组,但随着恢复时间延长又逐步达到对照组水平.随着饥饿时间延长,日本沼虾标准代谢率降低.在恢复投喂后又逐步回升到对照组水平.实验结果表明,日本沼虾继饥饿后再恢复喂食出现完全或部分补偿生长效应不仅是由于增加食欲,提高了摄食水平,同时也改善了食物转化率.因此,补偿生长是这两种生理因素共同作用的结果.     

短期饥饿胁迫对鲵鱼生化组成、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成的影响

在水温(22±1)℃条件下,研究了短期饥饿胁迫对我(鲵)鱼幼鱼生化组成、脂肪酸和氨基酸的影响.幼鱼分别饥饿Od(S0)、饥饿3d(S3)、饥饿6d(S6)、饥饿9d(S9)、饥饿12d(S12)和饥饿15d(S15).结果表明:鱼体内的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和糖类随着饥饿时间的延长而逐渐降低,而水分和灰分随着饥饿时间的延长而逐渐升高.饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)显著下降(P＜0.05);而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)呈先上升趋势.(鲵)鱼幼鱼短期饥饿胁迫过程中,首先利用饱和脂肪酸,然后利用低不饱和脂肪酸,最后才动用高不饱和脂肪酸.双键位置不同的脂肪酸在饥饿过程中的损失速度也有差异,具体为n-9 PUFA＞n-6 PUFA＞n-3 PUFA.S0主要氨基酸为天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸.经过不同时间饥饿后,氨基酸总量和必须氨基酸总量显著下降,与S0组均差异显著(p＜0.05),但S9、S12和S15的基酸总量和必须氨基酸总量差异性不显著(p＞0.05).     

北草蜥幼体短期禁食后的补偿生长

2005年4~5月,对幼体北草蜥(Takydromus septentrionalis)进行了不同短期禁食的饥饿处理后再供食的恢复生长实验。研究用蜥蜴于2005年4月捕自安徽滁州琅琊山,蜥蜴带回实验室禁食至无尿、粪排出后,随机选取状态较好的39条蜥蜴分为禁食0 d(C组)、3 d(S3组)、6 d(S6组)、9 d(S9组)4个组。禁食结束的各实验组蜥蜴用面包虫饱足饲喂至第24 d。恢复生长期间,各实验组蜥蜴的体重随饲喂时间延长而增加。饥饿组消化率和同化效率与C组无显著差异,S3组的消化率显著高于S9组、同化效率显著高于S6和S9组。S3组和S9组的摄食量显著高于C组。本研究结果表明,经各短期禁食处理的幼体北草蜥在恢复生长过程中产生了明显的补偿效应;该补偿现象主要因摄食水平显著增加所致。     

延迟初次投喂对太门哲罗鱼仔鱼生长和存活的影响

在水温为10.4～14.9℃条件下,研究了延迟初次投喂对太门哲罗鱼仔鱼的生长、存活和个体大小差异的影响.该试验共分5组:S0(饥饿0d,对照)、S1(开口9d后投喂)、S2(开口12 d后投喂)、S3(开口15 d后投喂)、S4(开口18d后投喂).结果表明:经过36 d试验,S1组生长率和初次摄食率高于S0组,试验结束时总体的死亡率低于S0组,两组个体大小和体质量均无显著性差异;S2组生长率和初次摄食率高于S0组,两组个体大小差异不显著,但S2组体质量明显低于S0组,且总死亡率和自残死亡率均高于S0组;S3组初次摄食率高于S0组,总死亡率、自残死亡率和个体大小均高于S0组,虽然生长率接近S0组,但体质量明显低于S0组;S4组生长率和体质量均小于S0组,总死亡率和自残死亡率高于S0组.相同条件下延迟9d投喂太门哲罗鱼仔鱼出现了“完全补偿生长”,可应用于太门哲罗鱼初次摄食期仔鱼的培育.     

饥饿对食蚊鱼仔鱼摄食、生长和形态的影响

本文研究了饥饿胁迫下食蚊鱼仔鱼的摄食、生长和外部形态的变化规律.结果表明,在水温(28.5±1.2)℃时,仔鱼产出2h后鳔完成充气即建立巡游模式并开始觅食,摄食比率迅速达到100%,其混合营养期仅有4h.实验期间,投喂组仔鱼的摄食比率一直保持在100%;饥饿组仔鱼在饥饿0-3d内初次摄食比率同样可达到或接近100%,但第4天开始下降,第6天初次摄食比率降至0,抵达饥饿不可逆点(PNR)时间为产出后第5.5天左右.投喂组初产仔鱼对1-2龄期库蚊幼虫的摄食强度为(2.9±1.4)ind/individual·h,摄食强度随日龄显著增长;饥饿组仔鱼在饥饿0-5d内其初次摄食强度也随日龄及饥饿时间的延长显著增长,但均显著低于相应日龄的投喂组仔鱼,其初次摄食比率与初次摄食强度之间并无显著相关关系.饥饿仔鱼在PNR前约1.5d时其累计死亡率已超半数,达(64.4±18.1)%,抵达PNR后数小时内残存个体全部死亡.实验结束(6d)时投喂组仔鱼5项生长指标呈不等速增长,其中体重增长最为显著,瞬时增长率达0.0275/d,此时腹鳍发育基本完备,进入幼鱼期.而同期饥饿组仔鱼形态发育停滞,多项生长指标出现负增长,其中体高负增长最为明显,其瞬时增长率为-0.0511/d;体重次之,体长负增长则不甚明显.饥饿仔鱼在接近或处在PNR期时腹部萎缩呈弧形,体长/体高>5,而同期投喂组仔鱼体长/体高<4.5,两者差异显著,可作为鉴别饥饿仔鱼和健康仔鱼较理想的形态数量指标.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.