黑豆多肽分离及其抗氧化活性的研究

采用凝胶柱层析法分离具有抗氧化活性的黑豆多肽,并分析其分子量分布;同时还采用DPPH·清除法研究各分离肽段的抗氧化活性,对抗氧化活性最佳的肽段进行动力学分析.结果表明:黑豆多肽经分离后得到3个片段,黑豆小分子肽BSP3对DPPH·自由基具有最强清除作用,其半清除浓度(HSC50)为0.664 mg/mL.所以,分子量小于1000 Da的黑豆小分子肽具有很好的抗氧化活性.     

美国肉参胶原蛋白肽对H_2O_2损伤PC12细胞的保护作用

采用风味蛋白酶对美国肉参体壁进行酶解,经超滤制备不同分子量的美国肉参胶原蛋白肽I1(6 k DMr10 k D)和I2(Mr6 k D)。利用H_2O_2诱导PC12细胞建立氧化损伤模型,比较I1和I2对氧化应激损伤的神经细胞的保护作用及机制。结果显示:不同浓度的I1、I2均能显著提高H_2O_2损伤的PC12细胞的增殖活性(P0.05,P0.01),降低细胞内ROS水平,减少LDH释放量和MDA含量(P0.05,P0.01),提高细胞的SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力(P0.05,P0.01),抑制caspase-3酶活性的升高。表明美国肉参胶原蛋白肽具有良好的抗氧化活性,可以保护H_2O_2诱导的神经细胞损伤。其中,低分子量段的胶原蛋白肽组分保护效果更好。     

人骨形成蛋白-2C端102肽的诱骨活性

为分析更短的Hbmp-2C端肽是否具有诱骨活性 ,寻求新型的有诱骨活性的基因工程Hbmp-2产品。利用温度诱导的大肠杆菌表达系统表达肽段长度为102个氨基酸的Hbmp-2C端肽及其Cys的突变体。表达产物经纯化复性后 ,植入小鼠肌袋模型中测试其诱骨活性。获得了能稳定表达Hbmp 2C端肽的工程菌 ,测序结果与预期的序列完全一致。表达产物以包涵体形式存在 ,表达量占细胞总蛋白的 3 0 %。产物经纯化复性后 ,小鼠肌袋模型测试结果表明 :Hbmp 2 10 2肽仍具有诱骨活性 ,而将C端第一位Cys突变的 10 2肽诱骨活性丧失。实验表明 :比Hbmp 2成熟肽 ( 114个氨基酸 )更短的C端 10 2肽仍具有良好诱骨活性 ,这 10 2肽N端第一个Cys对其诱骨活性可能是必需的。     

阿胶多肽的高分辨质谱鉴定及活性研究

建立了液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析阿胶中功能肽的方法,并进行了体外活性验证研究。阿胶经炖化、胰蛋白酶酶解,C_(18) SPE柱净化,以UPLC-Q-Exactive四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用仪检测,MaxQuant软件分析质谱结果,所得肽段在UniProt上进行BLAST序列对比鉴定。结果表明,3次重复分析得到的63条共有肽中,具有明确蛋白及种属来源的肽19条。根据多肽活性构效关系,选择9条可能具有活性的阿胶多肽进行抗氧化活性、抗凝血活性测定,结果显示9条多肽均具有不同程度的抗氧化活性,其中5条具有抗凝血活性。本文所建立的方法快速有效,为揭示阿胶多肽结构与活性的关系提供技术支持。     

乳抗氧化肽的分离纯化与结构鉴定

本文检测了不同分子量范围的WPI(乳清分离蛋白)酶解物的抗氧化活性,结果表明各个组分显示出不同的抗氧化活性,其中分子量小于5 kDa的组分最强。采用凝胶过滤色谱对分子量小于5 kDa的WPI酶解物进行分离,抗氧化活性强的组分继续采用RP-HPLC进行纯化。通过MALDI-TOF-MS与氨基酸组成分析鉴定该活性肽为His-Ile-Arg。     

黄原胶降解及其抗氧化性能研究

酸性条件下对黄原胶进行氧化降解,透析得到两种黄原胶寡糖,对产物进行FT-IR表征,GPC法测定两种寡糖的分子量分别为7500、10100。考察两种产物对超氧阴离子自由基O2-.和过氧化氢的清除活性以及还原能力,结果表明10100-XG较7500-XG具有更强的抗氧化性能。这可能与黄原胶寡糖活性羟基数目有关。     

副粘病毒HN蛋白颈部与F相互作用区功能的研究

副粘病毒(Paramyxovirus)包膜上镶嵌着两种糖蛋白血凝素-神经氨酸酶(Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase,HN)和融合蛋白(Fusion protein,F),两者的相互作用是决定病毒宿主范围、毒力和传播的关键。为探讨HN颈部与F相互作用区(Fusion interaction region,FIR)在膜融合机制中的作用,选取新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)与人副流感病毒3型(human parainfluenza virus type 3,hPIV3)为研究对象,通过片段置换及同源重组技术构建嵌合体C1、C2,进一步将NDV及hPIV3 HN的FIR内第51位丝氨酸(Serine,S)、第55位天冬氨酸(Aspartic acid,D)定点突变为丙氨酸(Alanine,A),获得突变体NDVS51A、NDVD55A、hPIV3 S51A、hPIV3 D55A,对嵌合体及突变体蛋白的细胞表面表达效率、受体识别活性、神经氨酸酶活性、促细胞融合活性及半融合活性进行检测。结果:各嵌合体C1、C2及突变体NDV S51A、NDV D55A、hPIV3 S51A、hPIV3 D55A的细胞表达效率、神经氨酸酶活性(Neuraminidase,NA)与野生型相比差异不显著(P0.05),但促细胞融合活性均有不同程度的降低(P0.05),C1、C2、NDV S51A、NDV D55A、hPIV3 S51A、hPIV3 D55A分别为野生型的7%、9%、27%、19%、17%和21%;C1、C2、NDV S51A、NDV D55A、hPIV3 S51A、hPIV3 D55A的受体识别活性分别为14.7%、22.3%、35.5%、28.8%、33.9%和40.2%,与野生型相比差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明:副粘病毒HN蛋白颈部与F相互作用区的突变及置换使HN蛋白的促细胞融合活性、受体识别活性降低,其中第51位丝氨酸(S51)及第55位天冬氨酸(D55)发挥重要作用。     

高压静电场对小麦叶片保护酶系统及麦长管蚜种群动态的影响

为明确高压静电场胁迫小麦种子对其叶片以及麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae Fabricius产生的影响。测定了小麦苗期叶片及麦长管蚜体内抗氧化酶(SOD,POD,CAT)的活性,并采用盆栽种群实验研究了麦长管蚜的种群动态。实验结果表明:(1)在未被麦长管蚜取食的小麦叶片中,SOD和POD活性最大值均出现于4 k V/cm处理组,且与对照组差异显著(P0.05),CAT活性在未被取食的叶片中无显著差异(P0.05);而被取食过的叶片中,4 k V/cm处理组的SOD和POD活性均显著低于对照组(P0.05),而CAT活性结果显示4 k V/cm和6 k V/cm处理组均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。(2)静电场处理组中麦长管蚜的SOD和CAT活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),但POD活性均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。(3)种群动态和逻辑斯蒂模型参数显示4 k V/cm处理组的小麦环境容纳量(K)最小。研究的创新点在于对影响麦长管蚜的介质(小麦)的抗氧化酶活性进行了测定,进一步明确了高压静电场对动植物的影响,说明了4 k V/cm是影响小麦和麦长管蚜的关键强度,为高压静电生态控蚜提供了新思路。     

湖南烙铁头蛇毒中一个新的舒缓激肽增强肽（TmF）

通过 70 %冷甲醇抽提、SephadexG 15分子筛和反相高效液相色谱C1 8层析 ,从湖南产烙铁头蛇毒 (Trimeresurusmucrosquamatus)冻干粉中纯化得到一个新的舒缓激肽增强肽 (BPP) ,命名为TmF。该小肽的氨基酸序列为pGlu Gly Arg Pro Leu Gly Pro Pro Ile Pro Pro (pGlu表示焦谷氨酸 )。序列结果分析表明 ,TmF和已经分离得到的BPPs有很高的序列同源性。MSI MS测定其分子量为 1.110 7kD。TmF的生物学活性和药理学活性检测的结果表明 ,它增强舒缓激肽 (BK) ( 1mg L)诱导的离体豚鼠回肠纵行肌收缩的活性为 ( 1.13± 0 .3)单位 (mg L) ;TmF ( 5 .0× 10 - 4mg kg)可以增强约 ( 14± 2 )mmHg的由BK( 5 .0× 10 - 5mg kg)诱导的舒张压下降 ;在抑制剂试验中 ,不同剂量的TmF和 5× 10 - 2 mg的血管紧张素转化酶保温 30min ,结果表明大约2 .0× 10 - 3mg的TmF表现出对ACE水解活性的半数抑制率 (IC50 )。     

小分子肽的Tricine-SDS-PAGE分离方法

在蛋白质的生化分析和基因表达产物的分离纯化中 ,经常要把某种或某些蛋白质成分分离开来。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 ( SDS- PAGE)是分离蛋白质的常用生化方法 ,样品的蛋白质分子热变性解聚后与 SDS结合形成带负电的蛋白质 - SDS复合物 ,复合物在电泳中的迁移率取决于蛋白质的分子大小 ,使用均匀浓度的 SDS-PAGE来分析分子量在 15～ 2 0 0 k D的蛋白质时 ,电泳迁移率与分子量的对数成线性关系。但常规定 Tris-甘氨酸 -盐酸系统中电泳分离分子量小于 10 k D的多肽效果差。作者在分离小分子肽的实验中改进了一套较简便的分离小分子肽的 T…     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Land,livestock, and livelihoods: Changing dynamics of gender,caste, and ethnicity in a Nepalese Village

Over the past 10 years, Ghusel VDC, Lalitpur District has moved from primarily subsistence agriculture into the wider cash economy aided by the Small Farmers' Development Program (SFDP), which provides credit to farmers mainly for the purchase of buffalo for milk production, and by the National Dairy Corporation, which supports local dairy cooperatives. Analysis reveals that buffalo-keeping and milk sales are increasing the well-being of many households, while at the same time creating new inequalities in gender roles and responsibilities, greater inequities between Brahmin and Tamang residents in Ghusel, and placing pressures on the ecosystem for increased supplies of fodder and fuelwood. Evidence suggests that there is critical, need for attention to the social, and particularly gender-based, implications of maintaining livestock for milk sales and to the ecological underpinnings of this livelihood system.     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Chiral Separation of G‐type Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents via Analytical Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) are extremely toxic organophosphorus compounds that contain a chiral phosphorus center. Undirected synthesis of G‐type CWNAs produces stereoisomers of tabun, sarin, soman, and cyclosarin (GA, GB, GD, and GF, respectively). Analytical‐scale methods were developed using a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) system in tandem with a mass spectrometer for the separation, quantitation, and isolation of individual stereoisomers of GA, GB, GD, and GF. Screening various chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the capacity to provide full baseline separation of the CWNAs revealed that a Regis WhelkO1 (SS) column was capable of separating the enantiomers of GA, GB, and GF, with elution of the P(+) enantiomer preceding elution of the corresponding P(–) enantiomer; two WhelkO1 (SS) columns had to be connected in series to achieve complete baseline resolution. The four diastereomers of GD were also resolved using two tandem WhelkO1 (SS) columns, with complete baseline separation of the two P(+) epimers. A single WhelkO1 (RR) column with inverse stereochemistry resulted in baseline separation of the GD P(–) epimers. The analytical methods described can be scaled to allow isolation of individual stereoisomers to assist in screening and development of countermeasures to organophosphorus nerve agents. Chirality 26:817–824, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Chirality published by John Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

Reorientation of Microfibrils and Microtubules at the Outer Epidermal Wall of Maize Coleoptiles During Auxin-Mediated Growth

Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.     

Gamma-glutamylcysteine protects ergothioneine-deficient Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants against oxidative and nitrosative stress

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), cannot synthesize GSH, but synthesizes two major low molecular weight thiols namely mycothiol (MSH) and ergothioneine (ERG). Gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), an intermediate in GSH synthesis, has been implicated in the protection of lactic acid bacteria from oxidative stress in the absence of GSH. In mycobacteria, GGC is an intermediate in ERG biosynthesis, and its formation is catalysed by EgtA (GshA). GGC is subsequently used by EgtB in the formation of hercynine-sulphoxide-GGC. In this study, M.tb. mutants harbouring unmarked, in-frame deletions in each of the fives genes involved in ERG biosynthesis (egtA, egtB, egtC, egtD and egtE) or a marked deletion of the mshA gene (required for MSH biosynthesis) were generated. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses (LC-MS) revealed that the production of GGC was elevated in the MSH-deficient and the ERG-deficient mutants. The ERG-deficient ΔegtB mutant which accumulated GGC was more resistant to oxidative and nitrosative stress than the ERG-deficient, GGC-deficient ΔegtA mutant. This implicates GGC in the detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in M.tb.     

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IV. Differential mitogen responses of isolated T and B cells.

The mitogenic responses of separated rabbit lymphocyte populations functionally analogous to mouse T and B cells have been tested in vitro. Purified T cells were prepared by passage over nylon wool (NW) and purified B cells prepared by treatment with antithymocyte serum and complement (ATS + C). ATS + C kills 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) and 50% of the spleen cells while passage over NW yields 40% of the applied PBL's and 5–23% of the applied spleen cells. NW-purified T cells from the spleen or PBL's respond fully to concanavalin A (Con A) but have a reduced response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and little or no response to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). PBL's that survive ATS + C (B cells) are stimulated by anti-Ig but not by Con A or PHA. B cells purified from spleen do not respond to Con A or PHA but will respond to anti-Ig under appropriate conditions. A full spleen B-cell response to anti-Ig required removal of Ig produced by the cultures that blocked anti-Ig stimulation. It is concluded that, for rabbit lymphocytes, Con A and PHA are primarily T-cell mitogens and that anti-Ig is primarily a B-cell mitogen. However, the mitogen response of unfractionated PBL or spleen cell populations indicates an overlap in reactivity. This could be due to cells sharing T and B properties, alteration of cell populations by the fractionation procedures used, or recruitment of one population in the presence of a mitogenic response of the other population.     

八种脑-肠肽侧脑室内注射对大鼠基础胃酸分泌的影响

用乌拉坦麻醉大鼠作急性实验,采用连续灌流胃并收集流出液的方法,观察向侧脑室内注射微量脑-肠肽对大鼠基础胃酸分泌的影响。实验结果如下:(1)雨蛙肽、八肽胆囊收缩素、促甲状腺素释放激素及四肽胃泌素均使总酸排出量增加;(2)生长抑素、胰多肽、P 物质、胰高血糖素则使总酸排出量减少;(3)上述肽类用侧脑室注射的剂量作肌肉注射,除四肽胃泌素也产生明显的刺激胃酸分泌作用外,对胃酸分泌均无明显影响。以上结果提示,脑内的一些肽类可能以神经递质或调制物的方式,参与中枢对胃酸分泌的调节。     

A chromium-tolerant plant growing in Cr-contaminated land

In this paper, a kind of Typhaceae plant species, Typha angustifolia L, with a high tolerance to Cr is described. Experiments were carried out to examine its ability to tolerant Cr and its physiological response. The results showed that there was no difference in growth, plant height, and biomass response to external Cr (VI) between the plants exposed to 100 microM Cr (VI) and control (0 microM), while increasing Cr levels to 200-800 microM induced a significant decrease in plant height and biomass, but no significant injury was detected, even for the plants exposed to 800 microM Cr. Chromium induced significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities. Meanwhile, a significantly positive correlation was found between Cr and Mn or Cu in leaves and roots, respectively. The Cr tolerance of the plant appeared to be associated with the enhancement of SOD and POD activities and the improvement in uptake and translocation of the essential microelements.