甜瓜果肉颜色相关的分子标记开发和应用

橘色果肉是当前甜瓜育种中的重要性状之一。该研究根据橘肉甜瓜材料与非橘肉甜瓜材料,在甜瓜橘色果肉控制基因(CmOr)缺失位点(Insert/Deletion)开发出了InDel-Or1标记。利用InDel-Or1标记对28份甜瓜材料进行基因型检测。结果显示:橘肉甜瓜表现为非缺失带型或杂合带型,非橘肉材料表现为缺失带型,标记多态性与果肉颜色共分离。进一步利用InDel-Or1对2个由白色果肉与橘色果肉杂交得到的F2分离群体进行果肉颜色的鉴定,检测准确率分别为97.4%和95.3%。研究表明,InDel-Or1标记在甜瓜果肉颜色的实际鉴定中具有较高的准确性,能够大大提高育种选择的效率,缩短育种周期。     

基于染色体片段导入系发掘抗玉米丝黑穗病主效QTL

选用抗玉米丝黑穗病自交系Mo17和SH15为供体,与受体感病自交系黄早四和昌7-2构建回交群体(BC3F1\BC4F2),通过田间人工接种玉米丝黑穗病原菌鉴定抗病性表现,评价群体抗病性。研究结果显示黄早四×(黄早四×Mo17)BC4F2群体发病率明显高于BC3F1群体;两个BC4F2黄早四×(黄早四×Mo17)和昌7-2×(昌7-2×SH15)群体的发病率差异较大。采用SSR标记分析抗病株的供体染色体导入片段,发现随着回交次数的增多,导入片段数量减少,但不同回交群体中供体导入片段数目明显不同。通过连锁不平衡分析,在染色体2.09和3.04区段发掘和验证2个抗玉米丝黑穗病主效QTL,连锁标记分别为umc2077和phio53或bnlg1965。本文研究结果为抗丝黑穗病基因精细定位和分子聚合育种提供了信息和材料。     

家蚕性连锁平衡致死系致死基因的SSR定位

家蚕性连锁平衡致死系(S-14)雄蚕的两条Z染色体分别携带有一个非等位、紧密连锁的隐性胚胎期致死基因l1(lethal gene1)和l2(lethal gene2)。两个致死基因的致死时期分别是转青期和G2期。将S-14品系的雄蚕和家蚕P50品系的野生型雌蚕杂交,F1代雄蚕和P50品系雌蚕回交,即P50×(P50×S14)。回交后代雌蛾根据父本(F1代雄蚕)携带l1或l2基因分成两类BC1-l1和BC1-l2,分别用来做l1和l2基因定位。利用公布的家蚕全基因组序列筛选l1基因和l2基因所在Z染色体与P50品系Z染色体间的差异SSR标记,分别获得16个和18个差异性SSR标记,用差异性标记检测BC1-l1和BC1-l2,最终将l1基因定位在Z染色体物理图谱中的19.79Mb位点到染色体末端约2.60Mb范围内,将l2基因定位在Z染色体物理图谱的17.86Mb位点到18.55Mb位点约0.69Mb范围内。     

水稻抗褐飞虱基因bph2的SSR定位和标记辅助选择

利用综合性状较好对褐飞虱敏感的粳稻恢复系C418为父本,以含有bph2基因的抗褐飞虱品种ASD7为母本构建了包含134个F23家系的群体,利用苗期鉴定法对F2：3家系进行抗性鉴定：用SSR标记技术,将bph2基因定位在第12染色体长臂上,标记RM7102和RM463之间,其遗传距离分别为7．6cM和7．2cM。在进行表型选择的同时,利用与bph2基因连锁的SSR标记RM7102和RM463对BC1F1和BC2F1进行了标记辅助选择,选择效率分别为89．9％和91．2％,为培育高抗褐飞虱水稻品种奠定了基础。     

家蚕Z染色体遗传图谱的构建及W染色体特异性标记的鉴定

家蚕的雌性为异配性别(ZW),雄性为同配性别(ZZ),这种性别决定机制在鳞翅目昆虫中是普遍存在的。尽管雌家蚕是由W染色体决定的,但还没有发现控制雌家蚕形态学特点的基因位于W染色体上。目前已知控制家蚕多种表型和重要经济性状的基因位于Z染色体上,但这也仅仅是了解了Z染色体DNA分子信息的2%。印度的科学家迄今为止的研究表明雄家蚕Z染色体没有剂量补偿效应。他们利用回交作图群体和RAPD、SSR、FISSR标记,以od隐性基因位点为锚定位点标记,构建了含有16个遗传标记总距离为334.5cM的家蚕Z染色体连锁图谱;该距离表明这些标记遍布在Z…     

普通野生稻中增产相关QTL的发掘

普通野生稻(Oryza Rufipogon)是重要的遗传资源,发掘其优良等位基因将对水稻遗传改良产生重要影响。文章从以珍汕97为轮回亲本,普通野生稻为供体的BC2F1群体中选择一个与珍汕97表型明显不同的单株BC2F1-15,经过连续自交获得回交重组自交系BC2F5群体。均匀分布于12条染色体的126个多态性SSR(Simplesequence repeats)标记基因型分析,发现BC2F1-15单株在30%的标记位点为杂合基因型;利用该群体共检测到4个抽穗期、3个株高、4个每穗颖花数、2个千粒重和1个单株产量QTL。在第7染色体RM481-RM2区间,检测到抽穗期、每穗颖花数和产量QTL,野生稻等位基因表现增效作用;其他3个每穗颖花数QTL位点,野生稻等位基因也均具有增效作用。结果表明野生稻携带有增产相关的等位基因,这些有利等位基因无疑是水稻遗传改良可资利用的新资源。     

小麦—冰草T7PL·7AL罗伯逊易位系的分子细胞学鉴定

冰草是小麦遗传改良的重要野生近缘植物之一,有目标的导入冰草外源优异基因是拓宽小麦遗传基础的有效途径。前期研究表明:小麦-冰草衍生系II-23(2n=38W+6P)由19对小麦染色体(缺少4B和7A)和3对冰草染色体(2P、4P和7P)组成。本研究报道从II-23的回交后代中分离鉴定出1个自发易位系7-20。基因组原位杂交(GISH)鉴定表明7-20是一个整臂易位系;经非变性荧光原位杂交(ND-FISH)检测发现,小麦的7A染色体发生易位;进一步利用小麦7A染色体特异SSR标记以及冰草7P染色体特异STS标记对7-20易位系中的外源易位片段大小以及易位染色体的组成进行鉴定,确定7-20为T7PL·7AL罗伯逊易位系(Robertsonian translocation line)。对该易位系与小麦品种Fukuhokomugi构建的BC1F2和BC2F1世代分离群体进行田间农艺性状考察,发现该易位系阳性株系和阴性株系在有效分蘖数和千粒重性状上无显著差异,在株高上表现为阳性材料显著低于阴性材料,但同时出现穗粒数下降的现象。总之,本研究表明易位系7-20为T7PL·7AL罗伯逊易位,该创新材料不仅为后续利用断裂—融合机制创制出更多的补偿易位材料提供了理论依据,而且也为今后向小麦中转移冰草优异基因提供了重要的中间桥梁材料。     

六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交后代中染色体遗传与结构变异鉴定

六倍体小黑麦是普通小麦品种遗传改良的重要基因资源,可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础。本研究以六倍体小黑麦为供体向普通小麦转移黑麦染色质,以探明六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交、回交后代的染色体遗传特性,为小黑麦种质材料的后续研究和利用奠定基础。以六倍体小黑麦16引171为母本,六倍体小麦川麦62为父本配制杂交及回交组合,利用非变性荧光原位杂交技术(non-denaturing florescence in situ hybridization,ND-FISH)对F1、BC1F1和BC1F2植株进行细胞学跟踪鉴定。结果表明,杂种F1回交结实率为2.61%;BC1F1植株2R染色体传递频率最高;BC1F2植株中黑麦染色体在后代的传递率为6R>4R>2R,小麦背景中5B-7B相互易位染色体在BC1F2植株中表现出严重偏分离。在BC1F1和BC1F2植株中观察到24种结构变异染色体,包括染色体片段、等臂易位染色体、易位染色体以及双着丝粒染色体,且部分BC1F2植株的种子表现粒长和千粒重均优于六倍体小麦亲本川麦62。因此,在利用六倍体小黑麦作为桥梁向普通小麦导入黑麦遗传物质时,应尽量采取多次回交的...     

油桃果肉颜色性状的RAPD分子标记研究

以油桃(P runus p ersica L.var.nectarina)品种‘秦光’(白肉)和‘曙光’(黄肉)的89株正交F1代为试材,采用RAPD分子标记技术和BSA法寻找与桃果肉颜色基因紧密连锁的分子标记.经过对340条RAPD引物的筛选后,得到2个与桃果肉颜色性状连锁的分子标记s21-400和s486-2000.并用这两个标记结合前人已有的标记对桃果肉颜色性状进行了定位作图,发现与桃果肉颜色基因连锁距离最近的已知标记是s21-400,其图距为14 cM.     

一个水稻长芒基因AWN-2的定位与克隆

本研究在以广西普通野生稻DP30为供体,籼稻品种9311为受体构建的染色体片段代换系中,筛选鉴定出1份稳定遗传的具有长芒表型的染色体片段代换系。利用该代换系与轮回亲本9311构建了BC5F2分离群体,对控制长芒表型的基因进行了遗传分析,发现该群体中长芒与短芒的单株分离比符合3:1的比例,表明该长芒性状受一对显性核基因控制。采用图位克隆法,将目的基因精细定位于水稻第4染色体分子标记M7和M8之间的12.14 kb范围内,该区域只有一个候选基因即LOC_Os04g43840,测序分析发现与栽培稻日本晴、9311相比,CSSL5的LOC_Os04g43840基因在5'UTR区有29个碱基的缺失和2个碱基的置换,因此,推测LOC_Os04g43840可能为该长芒候选基因。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.