东川乌头中一个新的去甲二萜生物碱

从东川乌头（Aconuitum geniculatum Fletcher et Lauener)块根的乙醇提取物中分离得到3个去甲二萜生物碱,经1D,2D－NMR技术鉴定,分别为20－乙基－8－乙酰氧基－14－（对－羟基苯甲酰氧基－1α,6α,16β,18－四甲氧基乌头烷－3α,13β二醇（1）,20－乙基－8－乙酰氧基－14－苯酯基鸟头烷－3α,13β二醇（2）和20－乙基－8－乙酰氧基－14－（对－甲氧基苯酯基）乌头烷－3α,13β二醇（3）,其中1为新化合物,命名为滇羟碱（geniculine).     

石香薷中化学成分的研究

从石香薷（Ｍｏｓｌａ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍａｘｉｍ ．）中分离到１０ 个化合物,经光谱分析、化学方法及与已知化合物对照,分别鉴定为：６－甲基三十三烷（１）、β－谷甾醇（２）、熊果酸（３）、５－羟基－６,７－二甲氧基黄酮（４）、５－羟基－６－甲基－７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖（３→１）－β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖双氢黄酮甙（５）、５,７－二羟基－４－甲氧基黄酮（６）、洋芹素（７）、山奈素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（８）、桑色素－７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（９）、鼠李柠檬素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－芹糖（１→５）芹糖－４－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（１０）。其中,化合物５和１０ 为新化合物     

麻疯树根的化学成分研究

从麻疯树（Ｊａｔｒｏｐｈａ ｃｕｒｃａｓ Ｌ．）的根中分离到１３ 个化合物,经理化常数和波谱鉴定（ＩＲ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ、ＥＩＭＳ和ＦＡＢＭＳ）分别为∶５α－豆甾烷－３,６－二酮（１）、川皮甙（２）、β－谷甾醇（３）、蒲公英脑（４）、２Ｓ－正二十四饱和脂肪酸甘油酯－１（５）、５－羟基－６,７－二甲氧基香豆素（６）、麻疯树酚酮Ａ（７）、麻疯树酚酮Ｂ（８）、６－甲氧基－７－羟基香豆素（９）、ｃａｎｉｏｊａｎｅ （１０）、３－羟基－４－甲氧基－苯甲醛（１１）、３－甲氧基－４－羟基苯甲酸（１２）和胡萝卜甙（１３）． 其中,化合物５ 为未见报道的新化合物,化合物１、２、９、１０、１１、１２ 为首次从该植物中分得,１０ 为含有过氧基团的二萜化合物． ７ 和８ 为一对四环二萜的立体异构体,并在碱中相互转化     

滇黄芩中五个新的黄酮类配糖体

从滇黄芩（Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｌａｒｉａ ａｍｏｅｎａ）根中分离到５个新的黄酮类配糖体。命名为滇黄芩甙甲－戊（ａｍｏｅｎｉｎｓＡ－Ｅ）。经光谱分析,化学结构分别证明为：２’,４’,６’－三羟基二氢查耳酮４’－「Ｏ－β－Ｄ－半乳吡喃糖基（１→２）」－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙,５,７,２’－三羟基－６－甲氧基二氢黄酮７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙,（顺式）－５,７,２’－三羟基二氢黄酮醇３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄     

瘿花香茶菜的微量成分

从唇形科瘿花茶菜（Ｒａｂｄｏｓｉａ ｒｏｓｔｈｏｒｎｉｉ）叶的乙醚抽出物中分出２个新的微量成分,瘿花丙素和丁素。基于详细的光谱分析,包括应用二维核磁共振数据,瘿花丙素和化学结合分别确定为对映－１１α－乙酰氧基－７β,１３β,１９－三羟基贝壳杉－１６烯－１５－酮（１）和对映－１１α－乙酰氧基－７β,１２β,１４α－三羟基贝壳杉－１６烯－１５－酮（２）。     

草乌中生物碱的化学研究

从草乌－北乌头（Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ ｋｕｓｎｅｚｏｆｆｉｉ Ｒｅｉｃｈｂ．）的块根－中分离得到１６个单体成分,据波谱方法分别鉴定为：乌头碱（ａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ,１）、３－脱氧乌头碱（３－ｄｅｏｘｙａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ,２）、中乌头碱（ｍｅｓａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ,３）、北乌碱（ｂｅｉｗｕｔｉｎｅ,４）、次乌头碱（ｈｙｐａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ,５）、１０－羟基乌头碱（ａｃｏｎｉｆｉｎｅ,６）、１４－苯甲酰乌头原     

仙茅根茎中的配糖体

从仙茅（ Ｃｕｒｃｕｌｉｇｏ ｏｒｃｈｉｏｉｄｅｓＧａｅｒｔｎ） 根茎中分离到７ 个化合物, 经光谱分析推定其化学结构分别为： ２, ６ － 二甲氧基苯甲酸（Ａ） ; 苔黑酚葡萄糖甙（Ｂ） ; 仙茅素Ａ （Ｃ） ; 仙茅甙（Ｄ） ; ２４ｓ, ３β, １１α, １６β, ２４ － 四羟基环阿尔廷醇－ ３ － Ｏ－ α－ Ｌ－ 鼠李吡喃糖基（１ →２） － β－Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｅ） ; ２４ｓ, ３β, １１α, １６β, ２４ － 四羟基环阿尔廷醇－ ３－ Ｏ－ β－ Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →２） － β－ Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｆ） 和胡萝卜甙（Ｇ） 。Ｆ为一新甙。     

藤山柳的化学成分

从藤山柳〖Ｃｌｅｍａｔｏｃｌｅｔｈｒａ ｓｃａｎｄｅｎｓ（Ｆｒａｎｃｈ．）Ｍａｘｉｍ〗根茎甲醇提取物的石油醚和波谱分析,分离出８个化合物,经理化常数和波谱分析,分别鉴定为：７－羧基贝壳杉烯内酯（１）,蒲公英赛烷醇（２）,桦木酸（３）,乌苏酸（４）,２α,３α,２３－三羟基乌苏－１２－烯－２８－酸（５０,２α３α２３－三羟基乌苏－１２,２０（３０）－二烯－２８０酸（６）,豆甾－４－烯－３,６－二酮（     

西北蔷薇果实化学成分的研究

从西北蔷薇（Rosa davidii Crep.)果实中分得１１个化合物,经波谱方法鉴定为：２α,３β,１９β－三羟基－齐墩果烷－１２－烯－２８－酸（１）２α,３β－二羟基－乌苏烷－２８（１３）－内酯（２）、arjunic acid(3)、蔷薇酸（４）、２α,３β－二羟基乌苏酸（５）、齐墩果酸（６）、山奈素（６）、tiliroside(８）、槲皮素（９）、胡萝卜甙（１０）和β－谷甾醇（１１）。其中１和２为首次发现的新化合物。     

冬凌草中一新的二萜成分--冬凌草辛素

从河南省鹤壁地区产冬凌〖Ｉｓｏｄｏｎ ｒｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｓ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｈａｒａ〗叶中分得一个新地二萜化合物,命名为冬凌草辛素（Ｒｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｓｉｎ Ｈ）〈经ＮＭＲ谱等确定其结构为６β,７β,１４β,１５Ｒ－四羟基－１１β－甲酰氧基－７α,２０－环氧－对映－贝壳杉－１６－烯。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.