稀有蛾类──缨翅蛾

缨翅蛾属于缨翅蛾科（Pterothysanidae）,此科隶属于锚纹蛾总科（Calliduloidea）,此总科只有缨翅蛾科及锚纹蛾科（Callidulidae）两科。总科的特征为：喙存在,缺少下颚须,触角丝状或短梯状,基部后方有毛隆;前翅M2基部接近M3,前、后翅均缺1A,后翅有或无退化的小翅缰;腹部缺鼓膜器;有日间活动习性［1］。缨翅蛾科与铺纹蛾科的区别在于：前者体型细瘦,很似尺蛾,后翅之十R;与民在中室外方接近,后缘有似缨的污白色长缘毛,而后者形似蝶,后翅S＋R;与R产中室外方远离,后缘无长毛;前翅有近似锚纹形的赤色斑。缨翅蛾主要产于…     

黄连木尺蛾

<正>黄连木尺蛾Culcula panterinaria(Bremer et Grey),鳞翅目,尺蛾科,又叫木橑尺蠖,幼虫危害黄连木、刺槐、核桃等。幼虫6龄,幼虫期约40d,老熟幼虫体长65～75mm,体色变化大,多与寄主植     

雄蛾粗提液诱蛾试验

在棉红铃虫性诱试验中,我们发现性诱区、树枝把、灯光诱蛾区内的雄蛾量比对照区多得多,这种现象是性诱剂的作用还是其它原因? 我们从第一代蛾开始,进行了雄蛾粗提液的诱蛾效果试验。其方法如下:剪取拄蛾腹部末端三节,浸泡在无水酒精里三日后备用。雄蛾来源:①引诱剂盆得来的,②杨树把、黑光灯、室内饲养羽化的,③雄蛾粗提液盆下获甜的(主要来源)。使用方法与雌蛾性引诱剂丙酮稀释液相同,并设酒精、清水对照。通过一、二代蛾的反复实践证明: (1)雄蛾粗提液诱雄蛾的效果好。诱集雄蛾多,性能稳定,各代诱蛾量的曲线与高斯剂吻台(见袁1、图1)。     

桃白小卷蛾和梨食芽蛾辨正

澄清了两种害虫：梨食芽蛾一年发生1代,以小幼虫在山植树翘皮下越冬,早春出蛰为害芽、花蕾、嫩梢及叶片,老熟后在花序或卷叶中化肾;桃白小卷蛾一年发生两代,以老熟幼虫在地面缀连叶片做茧越冬,春季在茧中化蛹,其幼虫只为害果实。两者幼虫和成虫可根据形态特征鉴别。     

中国钩蛾亚科黄钩蛾属(鳞翅目:钩蛾科)

黄钩蛾属Tridrepana全世界已有32种(Watson,1957),其中包括中国的10种(Watson,1968)。我们手中标本已鉴定10种,其中新增4新种及1新亚种。本文作一全般记录。     

杨小舟蛾雌蛾性信息素活性成分的鉴定

【目的】鉴定杨小舟蛾Micromelalopha sieversi雌蛾性信息素活性成分的结构信息。【方法】采用正己烷浸提的方法提取杨小舟蛾性成熟处女雌蛾性腺中的活性成分;利用气相色谱-触角电位联用(GC-EAD)技术对其活性成分进行定位;性腺提取物与4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑啉-3,5-二酮(MTAD)进行微量化学反应,获得衍生物;利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分别对性腺提取物及MTAD衍生物进行质谱特征离子分析。【结果】GC-EAD结果显示,杨小舟蛾雄蛾触角对雌蛾性信息素腺体提取物中的一种成分有较好的反应;GC-MS分析结果表明,能引起雄蛾触角电生理反应的成分为十八碳的不饱和醛;MTAD衍生物的GC-MS结果显示,该活性成分的两个双键分别位于碳链的13和15位。【结论】本研究鉴定出杨小舟蛾雌蛾性信息素活性成分的平面结构为13,15-十八碳二烯醛,但双键的立体构型有待合成标准化合物进一步鉴定。本研究为杨小舟蛾性信息素备选化合物的筛选提供了方向,为信息素的结构确证奠定了基础。     

中国钩蛾亚科(鳞翅目:钩蛾科)——豆斑钩蛾属及铃钩蛾属

本文继续报道中国钩蛾亚科的豆斑钩蛾属Auzata及铃钩蛾属Macrocilix。前人记载豆斑蛾属6种(内有中国5种),本文现有6种,包括3新种。铃钩蛾属前记载5种,兹有5种,包括3新种及一新亚种。 这两属的地理分布亦极狭窄,为东亚特产,尤其中国的两属区系最为丰富,研究其地理分布极有价值。     

中国钩蛾亚科线钩蛾属(鳞翅目:钩蛾科)

本文是中国钩蛾亚科研究的第三篇,线钩蛾属 Nordstroemia Bryk的文献记载有中国的8种,本文共记载11种,包括7新种。线钩蛾属是东亚特征属,分布在印度(北部),锡金,缅甸(东北部),日本及东南亚沿海岛屿,而以中国的种类最为丰富。     

黃刺蛾

黄刺蛾(Monema flavescenis Walker)俗名洋辣子、八角虫、麻贴、枣蠕蛹。幼虫食害树叶,发生严重时能将树叶全部吃光,残留枝梢。1958年在四川邬县城关四、五公里內的榿木树叶,几乎全被吃尽。幼虫将树叶吃光后,又迁往附近农田,为害玉米、高粱等农作物。同时,由于幼虫身上具有很多微细的毒毛,如不慎触及皮肤、可发生剧痛或红肿。用氨水、肥皂水、或其他碱性溶液涂伤处,可以止疼消肿。黄刺蛾是一种杂食性害虫,其寄主植物有苹果、梨、杏、桃、李、梅、樱桃、杨梅、柑桔、柿、山楂、榲桲、枇杷、杧果、核桃(胡桃)、石榴、醋栗、板栗、蔷薇、枣、酸     

黄连木尺蛾

<正>黄连木尺蛾Culcula panterinaria(Bremer et Grey),鳞翅目,尺蛾科,又叫木橑尺蠖,幼虫危害黄连木、刺槐、核桃等。幼虫6龄,幼虫期约40d,老熟幼虫体长65～75mm,体色变化大,多与寄主植     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.