湖南会同红栲-青冈-刨花楠群落生物生产力的研究

用回归分析方法 ,对我国亚热带湖南会同红栲 青冈 刨花楠群落的生物生产力进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,林分总生物量为 45 1.0 2t·hm-2 ,其中乔木层、灌木层和藤本生物量分别为 42 6 .76、17.76和 1.80t·hm-2 ,枯枝落叶层现存量为 4.70t·hm-2 ,乔木层净生产量和平均生产量分别为 34.46t·hm-2 ·年 -1、13 .32t·hm-2 ·年 -1.     

银合欢生态特性及人工林地上部生物量

五个银合欢品种K8、K28、K29、K67和K132的盆栽苗经人工气候箱冻害试验表明,-3℃时各品种未发生冻害现象,至-4℃时叶片冻萎而脱落,转入常温下茎梢可以恢复生长;-5℃时茎,根全冻死,皮层坏死。K28萎蔫系数,沙壤土为5.1％～5.3％,粘红壤土为5.6％～5.8％。pH值最适范围5.2～7.5,pH<5.0或>8.0时生长受阻。5年生各品种根瘤固氮酶活性分别为34.600、22.764、20.840、31.750和121.240μgN_2·gFw~(-1)·h~(-1)。生长季高度生长量分别为2.24、1.06、1.24、1.08和2.42cm·d~(-1),年平均生长量(高/朐径)分另11为2.0/1.4、1.9/1.3、1.6/1.4、1.6/1.4和1.9/1.2m·cm~(-1)。3年生人工林地上邯生物量分别达30.53、35.86、30.71、42.80和43.66t·ha~(-1),凋落物量分别为4.30、4.49、8.30、10.87和12.05t·ha~(-1)·a~(-1)。K28萌蘖条1年生物量达21.75t·ha~(-1)(丘陵旱地)和25.23t·ha~(-1)(池边湿地)。     

鼎湖山森林植被优势种云南银柴和柏拉木的生物量及第一性生产力研究

本文采用树木收获、气体交换等方法,研究了鼎湖山地带性植被季风常绿阔叶林立术第3层和第4层主要优势种云南银柴和柏拉木的生物量和第一性生产力。研究结果表明,云南银柴和柏拉木种群在群落中的生物量分别为干重12009和7874kg·ha~(-1)、鲜重22733和15155kg·ha~(-1);第一性生产力分别为874和480kg·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1)。并对研究结果作进一步讨论,以揭示两种群在群落中的作用和地位。     

长白山阔叶红松林细根周转的研究

系统研究了长白山阔叶红松林细根生物量、生产力、年周转率及其在净生产力分配中的作用,生物量调查结果表明,阔叶红松林活细根的生物量为5049kg.ha~(-1),死细根生物量的平均值为1883kg.ha~(-1),细根的年周转率为0.96,年生产量为4860kg.ha~(-1),约占总净初级生产力的19.40％,年死亡量为2343kg.ha~(-1),相当于阔叶红松林枯枝落叶年凋落量的60％,由此提出了森林凋落物应包括枯枝落叶和根系凋落物的论点。     

西双版纳白背桐群落生物量研究

对云南西双版纳热带次生演替初期的白背桐群落生物量进行了测定.结果表明,10龄群落总生物量为57.819 t·hm-2,其中乔木层为51.019 t·hm-2(占群落生物量的88.24%),灌木层5.644 t·hm-2(占9.76%),层间植物1.013 t·hm-2(占1.75%),草本层0.143 t·hm-2(占0.25%).与其5龄群落相比,10龄群落乔木层、灌木层和层间植物的生物量分别增长了105.04%、122.73%和93.32%,草本层生物量降低83.53%.在演替过程中群落乔木层生物量主要集中于少数优势树种,白背桐、木姜子、榕树的生物量合计26.170 t·hm-2(占乔木层生物量的51.29%).群落乔木层生物量主要以小径级树木的生物量为主,其器官生物量积累的大小顺序依次为干＞枝＞根＞叶.     

鼎湖山森林植被主要优势种黄果厚壳桂、厚壳桂生物量及第一性生产力研究

 本文研究鼎湖山森林植被主要优势种黄果厚壳桂和厚壳桂的生物量和第一性生产力。通过野外样地调查,测定2000m2样地中2个种的数量、每木高度和胸高半径,同时砍伐样木,测定2个种各部分的比例,确定它们的相对生长式,进而测定种的各部分的生物量及群落中2个种的生物量;利用红外线CO2分析仪,对2个种三年来的光合速率进行测定,进而估算2个种的光合量和第一性生产力。 本文研究结果表明,黄果厚壳桂和厚壳桂在厚壳桂群落中的生物量干重分别为：39.053t·ha-1和24.092t·ha-1(鲜重分别为68.208t·ha-1和43.733t·ha-1);净第一性生产力分别为2.384t·ha-1·a-1和1.13t·ha-1·a-1。文章对研究结果作进一步的讨论,以揭示2个种在群落中的作用和地位。     

西双版纳热带湿性季节雨林生物量及其分配规律研究

 本文采用标准木回归分析法(乔木层、木质藤本)和样方收获法(灌木层、草本层)研究了西双版纳湿性季节雨林生物量及其分配规律。群落总生物量为360.909t·hm-2,其在各层的分配为：乔木层352.563t·hm-2(占群落生物量的97.69％)、灌木层4.737t·hm-2(占1.31％)、木质藤本3.108t·hm-2(占0.86％)、草本层0.501t·hm-2(占0.14％)。群落生物量绝大部分集中于乔木层。乔木层生物量的器官分配为：干241.270t·hm-2(占乔木层生物量的68.43％)、根69.614t·hm-2(占19.75％)、枝37.287t·hm-2(占10.57％)、叶4.392t·hm-2(占1.25％);乔木层生物量的径级分配主要集中于中等径级,胸径在20～80cm间的6个径级,生物量达255.460t·hm-2(占72.46％);生物量在乔木层中垂直分配为：Ⅰ亚层219.365t·hm-2(62.22％)、Ⅱ亚层107.743t·hm-2(30.56％)、Ⅲ亚层25.455t·hm-2(7.22％);生物量大于乔木层生物量0.5％的树种共计26种,其中大于5％的有番龙眼(Pometia tomentosa)(19.67％)、云南玉蕊(Barringtonia macrostachya)(5.44％)、千果榄仁(Terminalia myriocarpa)(5.27％),生物量种类分配反映出优势种明显的特点。乔木层叶面积指数为5.724。     

西双版纳原始热带湿性季节雨林生物量及净初级生产

应用生物量回归模型和生产力方程,研究了西双版纳原始热带湿性季节雨林生物量及净初级生产量（NPP）。雨林总生物量为692．590t·hm-2,总生物量分配为：乔木层占98．66％、灌木层占0．76％、木质藤本层占0．50％、草本层占0．09％,生物量主要集中于乔木层。雨林年平均NPP为25．764t·hm-2·a－1,其中各层次的NPP分别为（t·hm-2·a－1）：乔木层23．972（占总NPP的93．04％）、灌木层0．749（占2．91％）、木质藤本层0．431（占1．67％）和草本层0．612（占2．38％）。乔木层NPP分配为（t·hm－2·a-1）：凋落量11．566、叶虫食量0．694和生物量增量11．712。结果表明：西双版纳虽地处热带北缘,当地原始热带湿性季节雨林同样具有典型热带雨林一样高的生物量和NPP。     

广东黑石顶森林群落凋落叶的研究

本文工作是以黑石顶自然保护区森林群落为对象,在不同生长季节对凋落叶量与地被物现存量及其降解与营养回归进行了为期一年的研究.结果表明: 1、平均年凋落叶量为 3.468±0.196 t·ha~(-1),占叶现存生物量的20-22％。地被枯叶量为 3.078t·ha~(-1).每季度的总凋落叶量和每个树种的凋落叶量在总凋落叶量中的比例随季节而波动. 2、凋落叶中灰分、有机 C、全 N、全 P的年平均含量以绝对于物质计分别为4.11％、47.78％、0.8216％、0.0476％,含量最高值出现在雨季,最低值在干季.全K年平均含量为0.2653％,但含量最高在干季、最低在雨季,这是因为K很容易被淋溶.经过一年的降解,有机C、全N、全P、全K的含量分别降至38.85％、0.5118％、0.0367％和0.2223％。 3、经推算,全 P、全K、全N在凋落叶中的含量分别是在生活叶中含量的15.87-31.73％,17.69-26.53％,27.39-54.77％。这说明树叶中大部分的营养物质在凋落前已经通过某种途径发生了移动. 4、群落凋落叶半量降解时间平均约为3个月,失重率在雨季后期(6月～9月)最高(50.75％),干季(12月～3月)最低(6.28％).在一年时间里,凋落叶干物质的64.32％回归到土壤中,即2.2269t·ha~(-1).地被落叶在一年内的失重率为54.68％.     

红皮云杉人工林乔木层生物量的研究

本文对黑龙江省绥棱林区红皮云杉人工林的生物量和净生产量进行了测定和研究。按平均标准木法调查并分析了林龄为６～３１年红皮云杉人工林乔木层干、皮、枝、叶、根的生物量、净生产量及其分配．用维量分析法建立了估测乔水层单株林木各器官生物量的回归方程,方程的相关系数和估测精度较高,具有参考价值。分析结果表明：红皮云杉人工林乔木层生物量随年龄的增长而增加,到３１年生,林分总生物量平均为１５１．１３ｔ·ｈｍ－２,净生产量并不是随着年龄规律是增长,积累速度快慢不一,一般在３０年左右其净生产量值为１１～１４ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,表明红皮云杉人工林群落具有较高的生物生产力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.