透明颤菌血红蛋白的研究与发展前景

在缺氧条件下,透明颤菌血红蛋白(VHb)通过促进氧输送增强呼吸和能量代谢,并在各种宿主中表达,显示出改善增长,蛋白质分泌,代谢产物的生产力和提高宿主抗逆性等的生理效应,从而使蛋白质在代谢工程尤其在优化植物代谢中应用前景广阔.概括了VHb在生物技术工业的诸多研究领域中的应用潜力,探讨VHb功能的细胞机制,并显示出各领域所采取的各种方法.     

透明颤菌血红蛋白的应用进展

透明颤菌血红蛋白（VHb）具有在限氧条件下促进异源宿主细胞生长和增加产物产量的作用,已在发酵、环保、转基因动植物、重组蛋白表达等方面得到了广泛应用。将VHb与酶或蛋白融合表达可提高酶的活性、稳定性或蛋白的分离效率。对VHb进行改造有助于获得性能更良好的"新"蛋白。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白与耐低氧抗生素生产菌株构建

透明颤菌血红蛋白(Vitreoscilla hemoglobin,VHb)是由透明颤菌属细菌产生的氧结合蛋白。通过引入透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(vgb)从降低需氧角度定向改造抗生素生产菌是近年来研究的热点。vgb在宿主菌中的异源表达能有效提高宿主菌在低氧环境下的代谢效率,促进代谢产物积累,基于这一特性,采用基因工程育种策略构建具有低氧耐受性的生产菌种,将有效降低抗生素生产成本。简述了近年来VHb的研究进展,重点总结了耐低氧抗生素生产菌株构建的研究及其应用现状,并对其在抗生素工业生产中的应用前景进行展望。     

在兽疫链球菌中表达vgb基因和HA合成基因提高透明质酸产量

透明质酸(HA)是一种在医药及化妆品领域具有广泛应用的天然粘多糖。兽疫链球菌(Streptococcuszooepidemicus)是工业上生产透明质酸的菌种之一。透明颤菌血红蛋白(VHb)具有增强细胞摄氧的作用。对生产透明质酸的兽疫链球菌进行了基因改造:将兽疫链球菌HA的合成基因hasABC以及合成透明颤菌血红蛋白的vgb基因(Vitreoscillahemoglobingene,vgb)分别或同时插入阳性菌表达质粒pEU308中,通过电转化导入兽疫链球菌中。通过一氧化碳(CO)差光谱检测到了VHb的表达。在摇瓶实验中,同时带有hasABC和vgb基因的重组菌比野生菌的透明质酸产量提高了30％。而在发酵罐中,带有这2个基因的重组菌的透明质酸产量达到了6．9g／L,高于重组菌5．5g／L的产量。实验结果表明,vgb基因的存在促进了细胞的生长,hasABC操纵子的过表达增强了透明质酸的合成。首次将VHb导入兽疫链球菌中,获得了表达,并证明其对菌体生长及透明质酸合成有促进作用。通过研究,VHb将可以在阳性菌中获得更广泛的应用。     

β-葡萄糖苷酶与透明颤菌血红蛋白在大肠杆菌中的共表达

为解决大肠杆菌高密度发酵生产β-葡萄糖苷酶过程中溶氧不足的问题,分别采用双顺反子和T7启动子系统在Escherichia coli中引入透明颤菌血红蛋白(VHb)以改善溶氧的利用、提高菌体的生物量,进而增加β-葡萄糖苷酶的产量。以双顺反子形式诱导表达VHb时,在摇瓶低溶解氧条件下的最高生物量达到4.24±0.29(OD_(600)),与无VHb表达的对照组相比提高了35.03%,同时β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵酶活达到了(9.78±0.55)U/m L,比对照组提高了25.38%。在3 L发酵罐中使用双顺反子形式共表达VHb时,β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵总酶活达到141.23 U/m L,与无VHb表达的对照相比提高了35.57%。以T7启动子对VHb进行表达后,在摇瓶和发酵罐中β-葡萄糖苷酶的发酵酶活均低于对照组。这些结果表明,在大肠杆菌中以双顺反子形式共表达β-葡萄糖苷酶和VHb能够提升菌体对低溶氧的耐受能力,提高菌体生物量和β-葡萄糖苷酶的产量。     

微生物次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇的克隆与异源表达

微生物次级代谢产物结构、功能极为多样,具有抗感染、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等多种生物活性,是新药研发的重要来源.随着新一代DNA测序技术以及生物信息学工具的快速发展,微生物基因组中大量次级代谢产物的生物合成基因簇(biosynthetic gene clusters,BGCs)被发现,BGCs克隆与异源表达在研究次级代谢产物中...     

低氧暴露对大鼠肠道微生物群落的影响

【背景】低氧暴露时机体会对物质的吸收和代谢作出调整,以维持自身的能量需求。肠道微生物参与了宿主众多生理过程,尤其在宿主消化、代谢、免疫等多方面发挥了重要作用。而目前对于低氧暴露过程中宿主肠道微生物群落结构和功能的动态变化,以及这些变化与宿主习服低氧之间的关系则少有报道。【目的】研究大鼠暴露于低氧环境后其肠道微生物群落的结构和多样性,探讨低氧暴露对宿主肠道微生物群落的影响,以及肠道微生物群落的变化与宿主代谢之间可能存在的关系。【方法】分别收集低氧暴露1、7、14、21和28 d的实验组(模拟海拔4 500 m)和对照组(43.5 m)的SD大鼠粪便样品,通过IlluminaHiSeq测序平台对样品进行16SrRNAV3-V4区测序,利用Uparse、Qiime、LEfSe和PICRUSt软件分析肠道微生物群落结构、丰度、多样性、组间差异,并利用KEGG数据库对肠道微生物的功能进行预测。【结果】不同低氧暴露时间组和对照组SD大鼠肠道微生物群落特征具有明显差异。低氧暴露组SD大鼠的肠道微生物群落中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、拟杆菌科(Bacteroidaceae)、普氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)、普氏菌属(Prevotella)和普氏菌种(copri)的相对丰度较高且具有统计学意义。相应时间的对照组SD大鼠肠道微生物群落中瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、梭菌纲(Clostridia)和梭菌目(Clostridiales)等相对丰度较高且具有统计学意义。功能预测发现遗传信息处理和代谢相关通路在低氧暴露组SD大鼠肠道微生物中明显富集。【结论】低氧暴露过程中SD大鼠肠道微生物群落结构和多样性呈动态变化,碳水化合物代谢相关菌群(普氏菌和拟杆菌)明显增加,可能参与了宿主能量代谢调整,有利于机体对低氧环境的习服。     

共表达透明颤菌血红蛋白对毕赤酵母产β-甘露聚糖酶发酵过程的影响

为了改善高密度发酵生产β-甘露聚糖酶过程中的溶氧限制,提高β-甘露聚糖酶产量,将VHb和β-甘露聚糖酶基因置于AOX1启动子调控之下,进行VHb和β-甘露聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的共表达。经密码子优化合成VHb基因,插入表达载体p PICZαA,整合到β-甘露聚糖酶工程菌中,通过G418和Zeocin抗性筛选共表达VHb基因的重组酵母工程菌。在30 L发酵罐水平上分析共表达VHb菌株(VHb+)与初始菌株(VHb-)对β-甘露聚糖酶表达的差异。结果显示,限氧条件下,VHb+菌株的β-甘露聚糖酶的表达量比对照菌株VH b-高90%,且透明颤菌血红蛋白提高了甲醇耐受性,缩短发酵周期约40 h。     

microRNA 对宿主和肠道微生物互作的调控

摘要:肠道内环境是宿主和肠道微生物菌群互作的结果,肠道菌群一方面通过抗原物质调节肠道组织的免疫稳定,另一方面,肠道菌群参与糖、脂、蛋白质代谢,产生的代谢产物能够调控细菌营养代谢、群体结构和肠道组织的营养吸收等。microRNA是宿主细胞内调控基因表达的重要因子,肠道微生物菌群不仅调控宿主mRNA的转录,同时也影响某些基因的转录后修饰。研究表明,肠道菌群通过与宿主肠道组织互作,调节肠上皮组织内某些参与炎症应答和屏障功能的microRNA 的表达。本文介绍了肠道微生物与宿主互作的基本内容,对microRNA在肠道微生物与宿主互作和肠道健康中的调节进行综述。     

动物宿主——肠道微生物代谢轴研究进展

肠道中栖息着数量庞大且复杂多样的微生物菌群,在维持宿主肠道微环境稳态中发挥重要作用。微生物菌群可以利用宿主肠道的营养素,发酵产生代谢产物,与宿主机体形成宿主—微生物代谢轴(host-microbe metabolic axis)。该代谢轴既能影响营养素吸收和能量代谢,又可调控宿主各项生理过程。本文主要阐述宿主-肠道微生物代谢轴的概念、肠-肝轴、肠-脑轴、肠道微生物与宿主肠道代谢轴的互作以及对机体健康的影响。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.