久肝胶囊解酒作用的研究

目的:研究久肝胶囊的解酒作用及其机制.方法:用白酒直接灌胃建立小鼠醉酒模型,分别进行致醉、防醉、解酒试验,观察久肝胶囊的药效;长期给酒造成酒精性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中及肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性.结果:小鼠最适致醉量为0.16 ml/10g;久肝胶囊对醉酒能起到预防作用,且使醉酒小鼠翻正反射恢复时间缩短;对酒精性肝损伤小鼠,久肝胶囊能使血清ADH、GPT活性及肝中ADH活性恢复正常.结论:久肝胶囊具有较好的预防醉酒和解酒作用,对酒精性肝损伤亦有较好的保护作用,其机制可能与恢复ADH和GPT活性有关.     

银耳提取物对酒精性肝损伤辅助保护作用

探讨银耳提取物对小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。采用50%乙醇经口灌胃造成小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,将动物随机分成5组,分别是空白对照组,模型组,银耳提取物低、中、高剂量组（3个剂量组分别为225、450、1 350mg/kg BW）,检测肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、甘油三酯（TG）的含量,并取肝脏作病理切片,观察肝脏的脂肪病变情况。结果显示银耳提取物3个剂量组肝组织MDA含量均低于模型组（P<0.01）;与模型组相比,各组GSH含量虽有所升高,但均无统计学差异（P>0.05）;中、高剂量组TG含量低于模型组（P<0.01）,且肝细胞脂肪变性均比模型组明显减轻（P<0.01）。结果提示银耳提取物对酒精性肝损伤有辅助保护功能。     

香水莲花总提取物对小鼠急性酒精肝损伤的实验研究

目的:观察香水莲花提取物对酒精所致小鼠急性化学损伤的保护作用。方法:雄性昆明种小鼠70只,随机分为正常对照组、急性酒精肝损伤模型组、水飞蓟素阳性对照组(46.7 mg/kg)以及香水莲花低、中、高剂量组(120、180、240 mg/kg)共6组,检测肝组织甘油三酯(TG)、丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,称量体重和肝脏重量。结果:香水莲花总提取物能够抑制急性酒精肝损伤小鼠肝组织的TG、MDA含量升高(P0.05),增加GSH含量(P0.05)。结论:香水莲花总提取物对急性酒精肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

蜂蜜对急性酒精中毒大鼠的解酒作用研究

目的：研究蜂蜜对急性酒精中毒SD大鼠的解酒作用及其对酒精代谢关键酶的影响。方法：用75%食用级无水乙醇按10mL/kg一次性灌胃法构建急性酒精中毒大鼠模型,以解酒护肝鼎久口服液为阳性药物对照,采用蜂蜜高、中、低3个浓度进行灌胃干预。以大鼠血清乙醇浓度、肝脏乙醇脱氢酶（Alcohol Dehydrogenase,ADH）和乙醛脱氢酶（Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase,ALDH）、胃ADH和ALDH为考察指标。结果：与模型组比较,蜂蜜低、中浓度组大鼠血清乙醇浓度均显著降低(P<0.05),蜂蜜高浓度组大鼠血清乙醇浓度极显著降低（P<0.01）,蜂蜜中、高浓度组极显著提高大鼠肝ADH和胃ALDH活性（P<0.01）,蜂蜜各浓度组可显著提高胃ADH和肝ALDH活性（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：蜂蜜能够通过提高肝脏和胃的ADH和ALDH活性从而显著降低大鼠血清乙醇浓度,具有明显的解酒作用。     

灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：将50只健康的雌性昆明小鼠随机分成空白对照组、模型对照组、灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊低（83.5mg/kg·BW）、中（167mg/kg·BW）、高剂量组（500mg/kg·BW）,每组10只。每日灌胃给药1次,连续灌胃给药37d,空白对照组和模型对照组按等量蒸馏水灌胃。给予受试物第37天,模型对照组及受试物各剂量组灌胃给予50%乙醇（13mL/kg·BW）造成急性肝损伤模型,禁食16h处死动物,测定各组小鼠肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）、甘油三酯（TG）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量并观察肝组织病理形态学变化。结果：各剂量组间小鼠与模型对照组相比,灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊高剂量组的MDA、TG含量明显低于模型对照组,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,中、高剂量组的GSH含量显著高于模型对照组,差异具有显著性（P＜0.01）。灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊能显著改善肝细胞肿胀、坏死和炎性浸润状况,在脂肪变性方面各剂量组虽未发现显著性改善,但与模型对照组比较,存在缓解肝损伤的趋势。结论：灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤具有一定的辅助保护功能。     

杭白菊保肝作用研究

本实验对杭白菊的保肝作用进行了研究。以四氯化碳诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤为模型,将杭白菊乙醇提取物和多糖部分分为高、中、低三个剂量组,以联苯双酯为阳性对照,灌胃给药8 d,分别测定血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)。结果表明:杭白菊乙醇提取物和多糖部分高剂量组对血清GPT、GOT具有显著的抑制作用,杭白菊乙醇提取物高剂量组显著拮抗肝脏MDA的升高。表明杭白菊有保护四氯化碳所致肝损伤的作用。     

黄腐酸的提取与其醒酒作用的研究

提取制备黄腐酸(FA)并研究其醒酒作用及部分作用机制,对昆明小鼠预防性灌胃不同浓度的黄腐酸,观察小鼠的醉酒时间和醉酒小鼠的只数,并使用气相色谱仪(GC)测定小鼠血浆中乙醇的浓度。结果:与模型组相比,3%、5%黄腐酸组中小鼠醉酒时间明显缩短(P0.05);与海王金樽组相比,1%、3%、5%黄腐酸组中小鼠醉酒时间均明显缩短(P0.05),且5%黄腐酸的醒酒防醉效果最佳。与模型组相比,30、90min时,1%、5%黄腐酸组中小鼠血浆中乙醇浓度明显降低(P0.05);60min时,乙醇浓度降低非常明显(P0.01)。与海王金樽组相比,60、90min时,1%、5%黄腐酸组中小鼠血浆中乙醇浓度明显降低(P0.05)。黄腐酸具有醒酒作用,这为开发黄腐酸成为一种新型的醒酒药物提供了实验数据。     

紫甘薯叶超声波提取工艺优化及其对小鼠肝脏保护作用研究

优化紫甘薯叶的超声波提取工艺,考察提取物对CCl_4诱导急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。采用3因素(乙醇浓度、超声功率、超声时间)3水平正交试验,以紫甘薯叶提取物清除羟基自由基能力为考察指标,优化紫甘薯叶超声波提取工艺参数,并用CCl_4建立急性肝损伤模型,考察不同剂量的紫甘薯叶超声波提取物(0.1 g/kg、0.3 g/kg)对肝损伤的影响,探讨紫甘薯叶超声波提取物的肝脏保护作用。结果表明,紫甘薯叶超声波提取最优提取工艺为:乙醇浓度70%,超声功率400 W,超声时间17 min。与模型组相比,紫甘薯叶超声波提取物能降低急性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT活性及肝组织MDA含量,提高肝组织SOD活性和GSH水平,明显减轻肝损伤小鼠肝组织的损伤程度,表明紫甘薯叶超声波提取物对CCl_4诱导急性肝损伤小鼠具有保护作用。     

禹州漏芦醇提物对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的影响

探讨禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。以CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,同时测定肝匀浆中的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的水平。将肝大叶HE染色,观察各组小鼠的肝组织病理改变。结果表明,同模型组比较,禹州漏芦乙醇提取物各剂量组均能降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST及MDA活性,升高肝组织中GSH-Px和SOD的活性,并能明显改善肝组织的病理学损伤。禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有较好保肝作用,其作用可能与清除体内自由基和抗氧化的作用有关。     

蛹虫草多糖对急性酒精性肝损伤改善作用的研究

本文探讨了蛹虫草多糖对急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠模型的影响,并对蛹虫草多糖相对分子质量和单糖组分进行了分析。以12.86m L/kg BW的剂量一次性灌胃50%乙醇诱导小鼠产生急性酒精性肝损伤模型,灌胃蛹虫草多糖,结果表明蛹虫草多糖可以显著降低急性酒精性肝损伤后小鼠肝匀浆中的过氧化脂质降解产物丙二醛(MDA)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量(P0.01);提高肝匀浆中的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量(P0.01);脂肪变性程度均低于阳性对照组(P0.01)。采用凝胶过滤法测定蛹虫草多糖的相对分子质量为117k Da;高效气相色谱结果分析表明蛹虫草多糖是由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成的,其组成比例分别为鼠李糖:木糖:甘露糖:葡萄糖:半乳糖=1:2.39:5.40:30.67:13.37。     

牛樟芝提取物调控Nrf2/HO-1通路对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

研究不同剂量（100、200和400mg/kg）的牛樟芝水提物（WE）、醇提后水提取物（WEE）和醇提物（EE）对酒精诱导的ICR小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用和对Nrf2/HO-1抗氧化信号通路的影响。研究结果表明：与模型组比较,400mg/kg的WE和WEE均能显著抑制血清ALT和AST水平的升高,200mg/kg的WE和WEE分别显著降低血清ALT和AST含量。各剂量的WE、WEE和EE均能显著降低肝脏MDA含量,200和400mg/kg的WE和不同剂量的WEE均可明显提高肝脏的SOD和CAT活力。H&E染色结果表明WE、WEE和EE对酒精诱导的肝损伤均有一定的改善作用,EE处理组的效果相对较差。免疫组化染色结果表明各剂量的WE、WEE和EE均能促进Nrf2的核转位,诱导HO-1的表达,提高肝脏的抗氧化能力,对酒精诱导的急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用。提示牛樟芝能通过调节Nrf2/HO-1抗氧化信号通路发挥解酒保肝功效。     

粗毛纤孔菌子实体与菌丝体粗多糖改善小鼠急性酒精肝损伤的比较研究

粗毛纤孔菌是一种常见的药用真菌,具有医疗保健价值,多糖作为其主要活性成分之一,在生物活性中发挥着重要的作用。本文从粗毛纤孔菌子实体和菌丝体中提取了多糖成分,探讨了子实体多糖（IHFPS）和菌丝体多糖（IHMPS）对小鼠急性酒精肝损伤的保护作用。采用灌胃的方式给予C57BL-6小鼠多糖,连续灌胃3周,最后一次给药4h后,给予乙醇造成小鼠急性酒精肝损伤,通过记录小鼠醉酒、醒酒的时间,测定血清和肝脏相关生理生化指标以及病理切片来评价子实体和菌丝体多糖对急性酒精肝损伤小鼠的作用效果。结果表明,子实体与菌丝体多糖均能够显著延长小鼠的醉酒时间和缩短醒酒时间（P<0.05）,并降低了由酒精引起的肝指数、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和丙二醛（MDA）的升高,提高了乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,病理切片结果进一步证实了子实体多糖与菌丝体多糖可以减轻由酒精引起的细胞损伤,总体来说,子实体多糖比菌丝体多糖对急性酒精损伤小鼠的保护作用更强。该研究表明了粗毛纤孔菌子实体与菌丝体多糖对急性酒精肝损伤小鼠具有一定的保护作用,研究结果丰富了粗毛纤孔菌多糖的药理药效,为其功能食品的开发提供了新思路。     

楮实子对药物性肝损伤大鼠氧化应激因子的影响

为了探讨楮实子对对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)诱导的药物性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用以及对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPAR-α)、C-Ros癌基因1(ROS1)的调控作用。实验将50只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、水飞蓟宾组(44mg/kg)和楮实子高、低剂量组(4.2、1.05g生药/kg),每组10只。灌胃给予对乙酰氨基酚(1.2kg/kg)制备肝损伤模型,给药组造模的同时给予相应药物治疗,连续30天。实验结束,收集血清、肝组织标本进行指标检测。结果显示,楮实子各剂量均能降低药物性肝损伤大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,降低总胆红素(TBIL)和直接胆红素(TBIL)的含量,升高血清中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量以及ROS1的表达,上调PPAR-αmRNA的表达,下调PPAR-γmRNA的表达。以上研究结果表明,楮实子能防治对乙酰氨基酚所致肝损伤,其作用机制可能是通过降低ROS1的表达、调节转录因子PPAR-α和PPAR-γ的基因表达,从而缓解氧化应激损伤来实现的。     

Protective effects of sulforaphane and aerobic exercise on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice

ObjectiveThe paper intends to study the protective effects of sulforaphane (SF) on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice by intragastric administration of SF, aerobic exercise and the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise.Methodology60 NIH mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of equal number according to their body weight and were intragastrically administrated with 50% ethanol. The serum and liver indexes of each group of mice were detected, and the liver was stained with oil red O for pathological examination.ResultsCompared with the model group, the serum TG and the ratio of liver to body weight of the model mice that suffered from acute alcoholic hepatic injury could be significantly decreased in the group that practiced aerobic exercise, the group administered with SF, and the group treated with the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise (P < 0.05). The contents of TG and MDA in liver could be significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and SOD activity could be significantly increased (P < 0.05) both in the group administered with SF and the group treated with the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise. Serum VLDL (P < 0.05) could also be significantly reduced in the group treated with the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise.ConclusionBoth SF and aerobic exercise could alleviate alcohol-induced acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice possibly thanks to the working mechanism related to antioxidant stress that reduced the harm posed by alcohol on hepatic cells. In addition, the protective effect of SF on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice was stronger than that of aerobic exercise, while the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise had the strongest protective effect on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice.     

茶多酚对慢性酒精中毒大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的：建立慢性酒精诱导的成年大鼠肝损伤动物模型,并进行茶多酚的干预,观察茶多酚的干预对慢性酒精诱导的肝损伤大鼠的防护作用及其可能的机制。方法：将36只SD大鼠适应性喂养一周后,随机分为对照组、酒精损伤组和茶多酚干预组（每组12只）。对照组大鼠用0.9%生理盐水按7 g/kg灌胃,酒精组用体积分数56%的红星牌白酒同剂量灌胃,茶多酚干预组在酒精灌胃同时给予0.25 g/kg剂量的茶多酚。每天定时灌胃一次,连续8周。8周后处死大鼠,取内脏脂肪和肝脏组织,以脂体比衡量内脏脂肪含量,以肝体比和油红O染色结果衡量肝脂质沉积,测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力等氧化应激指标,测定肝脏组织中脂肪酸转位酶（FAT/CD36）蛋白水平。结果：与对照组相比,酒精损伤组大鼠内脏脂肪含量、SOD/MDA比值、T-AOC和GSH-Px活力显著下降（（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肝体比、FAT/CD36蛋白水平显著提高（P<0.01）,肝细胞中脂滴增加;与酒精损伤组相比,茶多酚干预组大鼠内脏脂肪含量、SOD/MDA比值、T-AOC和GSH-Px活力显著增加（（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肝体比、FAT/CD36蛋白水平显著下降（P<0.01）,肝细胞中脂滴减少。结论：茶多酚干预能改善慢性酒精中毒大鼠肝脏的脂质沉积和氧化应激状态,并伴有肝细胞膜上FAT/CD36表达的减少。     

Serum selenium levels and oxidative balance as differential markers in hepatic damage caused by alcohol

Aims

Antioxidant system abnormalities have been associated with ethanol consumption. This study examines the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on oxidative balance, including selenium (Se) levels in alcoholic patients with or without liver disease, and if these measurements could be indicative of liver disease.

Main methods

Serum Se levels, antioxidant enzymes' activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in three groups of patients: alcoholics without liver disease, alcoholics with liver disease, and non-alcoholics with liver disease; and in healthy volunteers.

Key findings

Serum Se levels were lower in alcoholic patients and in patients affected by liver disease and especially lower in the alcoholic liver disease group. These values were correlated with the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), the antioxidant selenoprotein. The antioxidant activities of the glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also lower in the three non-healthy groups. However, GR activity decreased and SOD activity increased in the non-alcoholic liver disease group versus alcoholic groups. Higher concentrations of PC in serum were found in non-healthy groups and were higher in alcoholic patients who also showed higher MDA levels. The highest MDA and PC levels were found in the alcoholic liver disease group.

Significance

We conclude that serum Se levels are drastically decreased in alcoholic liver disease patients, showing that this element has a direct correlation with GPx activity, and lipid oxidation, suggesting that the serum Se/MDA ratio could be an indicator of hepatic damage caused by alcohol consumption, and pointing to Se as a possible antioxidant therapy.     

Copper Intoxication; Antioxidant Defenses and Oxidative Damage in Rat Brain

Copper (Cu) is an integral part of many important enzymes involved in a number of vital biological processes. Even though Cu is essential to life, it can become toxic to cells, at elevated tissue concentrations. Oxidative damage due to Cu has been reported in recent studies in various tissues. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of excess Cu on oxidative and anti-oxidative substances in brain tissue in a rat model. Sixteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups: the control group, which was given normal tap water, and the experimental group, which received water containing Cu in a dose of 1 g/l. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 4 wk, under ether anesthesia. Cu concentration in the liver and in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities were determined. There were multiparameter changes with significant ALT and AST activity elevation and increased liver Cu concentration. In brain tissue, Cu concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were determined. Brain Cu concentration was significantly higher in rats receiving excess Cu, compared with control rats (p < 0.05). Our results showed that SOD activities and GSH levels in brain tissue of the Cu-intoxicated animals were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01 and p < 0,001, respectively). The brain MDA levels were found to be significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The present results indicate that excessive Cu accumulation in the brain depressed SOD activities and GSH levels and resulted in high MDA levels in brain homogenate due to the lipid peroxidation induced by the Cu overload.     

补锌对酒精性肝病的影响及其分子机制

目的:本研究是为了观察饮食补充锌减轻酒精性肝病损伤的作用及与HNF-4α的关系。方法:选用成年C57BL/6小鼠40只,按随机数字表分为4组(n=10):正常对照组、酒精中毒组、正常补锌组及酒精补锌组,用不同饮食喂养6个月处死,在正常补锌组和酒精补锌组小鼠饮用水中加入硫酸锌,使锌的含量达到75 mg/L。取各组小鼠肝组织进行病理切片及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组织化学染色,RT-PCR检测肝细胞核因子-4α(HNF-4α)含量,Western blot检测肝组织HNF-4α蛋白表达,检测"肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量"。结果:酒精中毒组小鼠HNF-4α转录及表达均明显低于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),该组小鼠MDA含量增高,SOD活性下降与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而酒精补锌组小鼠PCNA阳性肝细胞数目及HNF-4α蛋白表达水平明显高于酒精中毒组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),该组小鼠SOD活性增加,MDA下降,与酒精中毒组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:长期酒精喂养导致小鼠氧化还原失衡,而补锌可逆转该状态。我们推测饮食补锌可能是通过增加HNF-4α的转录及表达而增强酒精喂养小鼠的肝再生,因此,饮食补锌可能对酒精性肝病有较好的影响。     

SD大鼠酒精性脂肪肝模型的监测分析

目的：通过血清生化指标和病理学的监测分析来建立标准的SD大鼠酒精性脂肪肝动物模型。方法：选取40只SD大鼠,随机分为两组,模型组采用直接饮酒法,于第8、12和20周时检测大鼠血清生化指标：丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、甘油三酯（TG）,并于第8、12周时随机采集5只大鼠肝组织,20周时采集剩余所有大鼠肝组织并进行病理学分析。结果：模型组于第8、12和20周时体重增长量均低于对照组（P〈0．01）,血清ALT、AST均高于对照组（P〈0．01）,第8周和12周时TG高于对照组（P〈0．01）。病理学结果显示肝组织从8周至20周呈现出酒精性脂肪肝、重度酒精性脂肪肝伴肝炎和酒精性肝纤维化等演变过程。结论：直接饮酒法可成功地复制出酒精性脂肪肝动物模型,通过监测分析可了解酒精性脂肪肝病变的整个过程,为今后建立酒精性脂肪肝和肝纤维化动物模型提供了理论参考。