一种快速提取禽源性大肠埃希氏菌外膜蛋白的方法

介绍一种快速提取禽源性大肠埃杀氏外膜蛋白的方法,该法是对Ｋａｐｕｒ等发表的方法的改进,全过程只需超速离心一次,比Ｋａｐｕｒ等的方法缩短了４ｈ,所得样品可直接用于禽源性大肠埃希氏菌外膜蛋白模式的测定。     

大肠埃希氏菌的分型方法及其研究进展

大肠埃希氏菌是一种条件性致病菌,致病性的大肠埃希氏菌具有高度的传染性,会严重危害健康。快速准确地测定大肠埃希氏菌的污染来源对有效缩小疫情影响范围极有帮助,从而避免对人类健康和经济贸易造成重大损失。建立简便高效的分型方法是微生物溯源的关键,常见的大肠埃希氏菌分型方法可分为表型分型和分子分型,这些分型方法各有优劣,具有不同的适用范围。本文详细介绍了大肠埃希氏菌的分型方法,并对国内外大肠埃希氏菌分型的研究进展进行综述,为致病菌溯源方法的选择提供参考依据,对防御并控制致病菌引起的流行病传播具有重要的意义。     

禽源致病性大肠埃希菌的耐药性与中草药有效成分的抑菌活性测定

以28株合肥地区禽源致病性大肠埃希菌为实验材料,采用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法检测禽源致病性大肠埃希菌的耐药情况。同时采用平板打孔法测定盐酸小檗碱、绿原酸、靛玉红和丹参酮ⅡA 4种中草药有效成分的抑菌活性。结果表明,28株禽源致病性大肠埃希菌对17种抗菌药物均呈现不同程度的耐药性,对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类和喹诺酮类抗菌药物的耐药率分别介于0%～92.86%、14.29%～50.00%、78.57%～100%和57.14%～71.43%。中草药有效成分盐酸小檗碱和丹参酮ⅡA对大肠埃希菌具有较好的抑制活性,抑菌率分别为92.86%（26/28）和89.29%（25/28）。     

禽源致病性大肠埃希菌安徽分离株I型菌毛pilA基因的序列测定与分析

目的探明大肠埃希菌I型菌毛pilA基因在不同宿主来源菌株间的同源性,为利用Ⅰ型菌毛基因诊断和防治大肠埃希菌病提供理论基础。方法以禽源致病性大肠埃希菌安徽分离株基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增Ⅰ型菌毛pilA基因,并进行序列测定与分析。结果 13株不同血清型禽源致病性大肠埃希菌安徽分离株均携带pilA基因,彼此间该基因的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性分别介于84.9%～99.7%和86.2%～99.2%。pilA基因核苷酸序列在安徽分离株与鸡源参考株、猪源参考株以及人源参考株之间的同源性分别为85.9%～99.7%、85.9%～93.9%和87.5%～100%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为83.1%～99.2%、88.5%～93.8%和90%～100%。系统发育进化树分析显示JD16、JD34、JD11、JD24、YD2、JD8和YD1禽源安徽分离株与人源参考株sPH2的亲缘关系较近,在进化树的同一分支上;GD3、YD5、GD2、YD3、YD5和YD7禽源安徽分离株与鸡源参考株PDI-386和猪源参考株107/86的亲缘关系较近,在进化树中属于同一分支;GD1禽源安徽分离株与鸡源参考株HY1-2和MS2-1的亲缘关系较近,在进化树中属于另一分支。结论大肠埃希菌I型菌毛pilA基因在不同宿主来源菌株及不同血清型菌株之间高度保守,可作为大肠埃希菌病的诊断基因和疫苗候选基因。     

分型检测致泻性大肠埃希氏菌PCR技术研究进展

致泻性大肠埃希氏菌是一类能够引起人类和动物腹泻的食源性致病菌,迅速确定致泻性大肠埃希氏菌的污染来源可有效缩小疫情影响范围,建立简便高效的致泻性大肠埃希氏菌检测与分型技术是保障食品安全和控制疫情的关键。为适应对时间敏感度较高要求的现场或在线检测,基于PCR技术的检测分型方法不断地被标准化和规范化。对近年来国内外的致泻性大肠埃希氏菌分子检测与分型的PCR技术研究进展进行了综述,并详细地介绍了多重聚合酶链反应、荧光实时定量聚合酶链反应和核酸等温扩增技术的原理及其优缺点。为致病菌溯源方法的选择提供参考,对防御并控制致病菌引起流行病传播具有重要的意义。     

合肥地区动物源性大肠埃希菌的血清型分布与耐药性分析

目的了解安徽省合肥地区动物源性大肠埃希菌的血清型分布和耐药状况,以期筛选出菌苗株和指导临床合理用药。方法对46份疑似大肠埃希菌病病料进行细菌分离培养、生化编码鉴定和致病性测定。采用玻片凝集试验对分离到的46株致病性大肠埃希菌进行血清型鉴定。同时分别采用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法和双纸片增效法检测致病性大肠埃希菌的耐药性和ESBLs阳性菌株。结果46株致病性大肠埃希菌中,除7株细菌未能定型外,其余39株细菌分布于10个血清型,O127：K63血清型为优势血清型,占定型菌株的33．33％。46株致病性大肠埃希菌对21种抗菌药物均呈现不同程度的耐药性,15个ESBLs阳性菌株表现为多重耐药,对各种抗菌药物的耐药率均高于ESBLs阴性菌株。结论O127：K63血清型为优势血清型,可作为菌苗株。合肥地区动物源性大肠埃希菌耐药性较为严重,尤其是产ESBLs大肠埃希菌多重耐药更为突出。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体——一种预防大肠埃希菌K1所致新生小鼠脑膜炎的新靶标

<正>大肠埃希菌K1所致脑膜炎的发病率越来越高。随着抗生素耐药不断升级,治疗此致命疾病需替代方案。该研究筛选了美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)收集的小分子库,鉴定替米沙坦为一种血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)阻断剂,可作为大肠埃希菌侵袭进入人脑微血管内皮细胞(HBMEC)的强效抑制剂。免疫沉淀研究表明,AT1R与内皮细胞gp96相互作用,HBMEC中的AT1R是大肠埃希菌外膜蛋白A。将HBMEC用     

乳酸杆菌细胞裂解物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的抑制作用

目的探讨乳杆菌DM8909裂解物在体内外对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的抑制作用。方法通过对乳杆菌超声波破碎制成裂解物,分别用乳杆菌裂解物原液、裂解物稀释液、发酵上清液、乳杆菌活菌制剂进行体内、体外实验,观察乳杆菌各成分对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的抑制作用。结果德氏乳酸杆菌裂解物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的抑制作用与乳杆菌活菌制剂的抑制作用相近。结论德氏乳酸杆菌裂解物在体内外对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌均有较强的抑制作用。     

肝移植术后感染大肠埃希菌的DNA多态性与耐药性分析

应用随机引物扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分析肝移植术后大肠埃希菌感染株DNA的多态性,并对其进行分型,研究肝移植术后大肠埃希菌感染的流行状况,并探讨大肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)与基因型之间的关系。应用1条含10个碱基的随机引物对20株大肠埃希菌的DNA进行随机扩增,ESBLs试验使用双纸片协同法。20株大肠埃希菌经RAPD分为11个基因型,ESBLs检测12株大肠埃希菌阳性,ESBLs阳性大肠埃希菌在700 bp有共同条带。肝移植术后感染以内源性感染为主,肠道细菌移位可能是大肠埃希菌感染的一个主要因素,ESBLs阳性检出率高,ESBLs阳性与基因型之间具有相关性。     

2株乳酸菌对人工诱发鸡大肠埃希菌病的预防性实验

目的观察植物乳杆菌和粪链球菌2株乳酸菌预防鸡大肠埃希菌病的效果。方法把2株乳酸菌添加到肉鸡的饲料中饲喂,至14日龄时用鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌人工诱发鸡大肠埃希菌病,10 d后统计发病率、死亡率和有效预防率。结果成功诱发出鸡大肠埃希菌病,植物乳杆菌和粪链球菌预防鸡大肠埃希菌病的有效率非常高。结论植物乳杆菌和粪链球菌可以用于预防鸡大肠埃希菌病。     

澳大利亚棉花黄萎病菌DNA多态性及其地理分布相关性研究(英文)

应用ＲＡＰＤ技术对澳大利亚东南部八个主要棉花种植区的９９个棉花黄萎病菌菌株进行了ＤＮＡ多态性分析。结果表明用１０个筛选的随机引物对供试菌株的全基因组ＤＮＡ扩增,共获得９２条ＲＡＰＤ谱带,其中５５．４％的谱带为多态带。经类聚分析,供试菌株类聚为１５个ＲＡＰＤ遗传指纹相似组,其中１０个指纹相似组的菌株与其采集区域有明显相关性,其余５个指纹相似组的菌株为普通分布的指纹类型。     

澳大利亚棉花黄萎病菌DNA多态性及其地理分布相关性研究

应用ＲＡＰＤ技术对澳大利亚东南部八个主要棉花种植区的９９个棉花黄萎病菌菌株进行了ＤＮＡ多态性分析。结果表明用１０个筛选的随机引物对供试菌株的全基因组ＤＮＡ扩增,共获得９２条ＲＡＰＤ谱带,其中５５．４％的谱带为多态带。经类聚分析,供试菌株类聚为１５个ＲＡＰＤ遗传指纹相似组,其中１０个指纹相似组的菌株与其采集区域有明显相关性,其余５个指纹相似组的菌株为普通分布的指纹类型。     

Low-temperature isolation of disease-suppressive bacteria and characterization of a distinctive group of pseudomonads

The influence of environmental factors during isolation on the composition of potential biocontrol isolates is largely unknown. Bacterial isolates that efficiently suppressed wheat seedling blight caused by Fusarium culmorum were found by isolating psychrotrophic, root-associated bacteria and by screening them in a bioassay that mimicked field conditions. The impact of individual isolation factors on the disease-suppressive index (DSI) of almost 600 isolates was analyzed. The bacteria originated from 135 samples from 62 sites in Sweden and Switzerland. The isolation factors that increased the probability of finding isolates with high DSIs were sampling from arable land, Swiss origin of samples, and origination of isolates from plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. The colony morphology of the isolates was characterized and compared to DSIs, which led to identification of a uniform morphological group containing 57 highly disease-suppressive isolates. Isolates in this group were identified as Pseudomonas sp.; they were fluorescent on King's medium B and had characteristic crystalline structures in their colonies. These isolates were morphologically similar to seven strains that had previously been selected for suppression of barley net blotch caused by Drechslera teres. Members of this morphological group grow at 1.5 degrees C and produce an antifungal polyketide (2,3-deepoxy-2,3-didehydrorhizoxin [DDR]). They have similar two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles, phenotypic characteristics, and in vitro inhibition spectra of pathogens. In summary, in this paper we describe some isolation factors that are important for obtaining disease-suppressive bacteria in our system, and we describe a novel group of biocontrol pseudomonads.     

粪便中大肠埃希菌分离方法的筛选

比较了滤膜法、涂布法和纸片法对粪便中大肠埃希菌的分离效果。通过对分离粪便大肠埃希菌的数量可知,纸片法与m—TEC培养基上滤膜法分离的大肠埃希菌数量结果基本一致。m—TEC培养基滤膜法分离的大肠埃希菌平均数量分别是伊红美蓝培养基涂布法分离大肠埃希菌平均数量的1．4倍、伊红美蓝培养基滤膜法分离大肠埃希菌平均数量的2．8倍、m—TEC培养基涂布法分离大肠埃希菌平均数量的2．25倍。分离粪便样品中大肠埃希菌选择滤膜法用m—TEC培齐基进行分离为最佳分离方法。     

Low-Temperature Isolation of Disease-Suppressive Bacteria and Characterization of a Distinctive Group of Pseudomonads

The influence of environmental factors during isolation on the composition of potential biocontrol isolates is largely unknown. Bacterial isolates that efficiently suppressed wheat seedling blight caused by Fusarium culmorum were found by isolating psychrotrophic, root-associated bacteria and by screening them in a bioassay that mimicked field conditions. The impact of individual isolation factors on the disease-suppressive index (DSI) of almost 600 isolates was analyzed. The bacteria originated from 135 samples from 62 sites in Sweden and Switzerland. The isolation factors that increased the probability of finding isolates with high DSIs were sampling from arable land, Swiss origin of samples, and origination of isolates from plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. The colony morphology of the isolates was characterized and compared to DSIs, which led to identification of a uniform morphological group containing 57 highly disease-suppressive isolates. Isolates in this group were identified as Pseudomonas sp.; they were fluorescent on King's medium B and had characteristic crystalline structures in their colonies. These isolates were morphologically similar to seven strains that had previously been selected for suppression of barley net blotch caused by Drechslera teres. Members of this morphological group grow at 1.5°C and produce an antifungal polyketide (2,3-deepoxy-2,3-didehydrorhizoxin [DDR]). They have similar two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles, phenotypic characteristics, and in vitro inhibition spectra of pathogens. In summary, in this paper we describe some isolation factors that are important for obtaining disease-suppressive bacteria in our system, and we describe a novel group of biocontrol pseudomonads.     

Genotyping and genetic diversity of Arcobacter butzleri by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis

AIMS: To investigate the potential of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) profiling for genotyping Arcobacter butzleri and to obtain further data on the genetic diversity of this organism. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-three isolates of Danish, British, Turkish, Swedish, Nigerian and North American origin from human infections, chickens, turkeys, ducks, sheep and poultry abbatoir effluent were studied by use of a protocol that involved stringent PCR amplification of fragments derived from digestion of genomic DNA with restriction enzymes BglII and Csp6I. The mean similarity value of duplicate profiles of 10 isolates was 91.15%, indicating the method to be reproducible. Numerical analysis of all 73 isolates distinguished 51 subtypes at the 91% similarity level, of which 39 comprised single strains. The remaining 34 isolates were distributed among 12 subtypes, each of which contained strains homogeneous with respect to their respective source of isolation. However, contemporaneous strains from the same source could also be distinguished. CONCLUSIONS: AFLP profiling is an effective method for typing the genetically diverse organism A. butzleri. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study represents a comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity of A. butzleri by use of isolates from six countries spanning three continents and also shows that several distinct A. butzleri genotypes may be found in a given environment. AFLP profiling appears to have considerable potential for molecular epidemiological studies of this ubiquitous emerging pathogen that is implicated as a causative agent of both human and animal disease.     

多能硫杆菌RuhisCO墓因在大肠杆菌中表达产物分析

通过对多能硫杆菌RubiSCO的基因表达分析表明该基因能够在pBR322的P1启动子、pUC19的lac启动子以及pKK223-3的tac启动子的启动下,在大肠杆菌中表达,RubisCO基因片段在pUC19和pKK223-3载体上的表达活性较高。进一步对RubisCO基因表达产物进行了非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,检测到了RubisCO蛋白质带。     

A biochemical protocol for the isolation and identification of current species of Vibrio in seafood

AIMS: We report a biochemical method for the isolation and identification of the current species of vibrios using just one operative protocol. METHODS AND RESULTS: The method involves an enrichment phase with incubation at 30 degrees C for 8-24 h in alkaline peptone water and an isolation phase on thiosulphate-citrate-salt sucrose agar plates incubating at 30 degrees C for 24 h. Four biochemical tests and Alsina's scheme were performed for genus and species identification, respectively. All biochemical tests were optimized as regards conditions of temperature, time of incubation and media composition. The whole standardized protocol was always able to give a correct identification when applied to 25 reference strains of Vibrio and 134 field isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrated that the assay method allows an efficient recovery, isolation and identification of current species of Vibrio in seafood obtaining results within 2-7 days. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This method based on biochemical tests could be applicable even in basic microbiology laboratories, and can be used simultaneously to isolate and discriminate all clinically relevant species of Vibrio.